较少CSS传递mixin作为另一个mixin的参数

Question

Is there any way to pass one mixin or style's declaration to another mixin as an input parameter?

Let's take a look at an example with animation keyframes. Following is how we define keyframes in pure CSS:

@-moz-keyframes some-name
{
    from { color: red; }
    to { color: blue; }
}

@-webkit-keyframes some-name
{
    from { color: red; }
    to { color: blue; }
}

@keyframes some-name
{
    from { color: red; }
    to { color: blue; }
}

Idea is to simplify these declarations using mixins, so we can have something like following:

.keyframes(name, from, to)
{
    // here we need somehow to reproduce structure
    // that we have in an example above
}

// define one animation
.my-from() { color: red; }
.my-to() { color: blue; }
// the following won't work because you cannot pass mixin as a parameter
// in way I have here, so I am looking for a way to solve this problem
.keyframes('some-name', .my-from, .my-to);

// define another animation
.another-from() { font-size: 1em; }
.another-to() { font-size: 2em; }
.keyframes('another-name', .another-from, .another-to);

The system will have different modules that could be dynamically attached to application as well as removed. So, don't suggest me to use @import because it's not the case. Output CSS is dynamically compiled on-fly using information about modules and their own LESS styles as well as base LESS dependencies like mixins library and etc.

Note: it will work for me if you know a way to pass class definition instead of mixin. In an example above it would be .my-from instead of .my-from() and etc.

Answer 1

UPDATED for LESS 1.7.0+ ( WAY Simpler)

We can do this far more directly now with the 1.7.0 update and the ability to create rulesets , and to use variables in setting @keyframes .

Now we really can pass a mixin through a parameter by a ruleset, or we can pass in the property stings themselves. So consider this:

LESS (using 1.7)

.keyframes(@name, @from, @to) {
    @frames: {
        from { @from(); }
        to { @to(); }
    };
    @pre: -moz-keyframes;
    @-moz-keyframes @name
    {
       @frames();
    }

    @-webkit-keyframes @name
    {
       @frames();
    }

    @keyframes @name
    {
       @frames();
    }
}

.keyframes(testName, {color: red; .myMix(0);}, {color: blue; .myMix(1);});

.myMix(@value) {opacity: @value;}

Note that I am passing both a property setting and a mixin call, and my output is:

CSS Output

@-moz-keyframes testName {
  from {
    color: red;
    opacity: 0;
  }
  to {
    color: blue;
    opacity: 1;
  }
}
@-webkit-keyframes testName {
  from {
    color: red;
    opacity: 0;
  }
  to {
    color: blue;
    opacity: 1;
  }
}
@keyframes testName {
  from {
    color: red;
    opacity: 0;
  }
  to {
    color: blue;
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

Note how the rulesets are passed, in brackets {...} , and then called, via @from() and @to() (looking a lot like a mixin call). I'm using these passed rule sets to set another ruleset of @frames which is then itself called to fill the keyframes definitions.

More Generically

Here I pass a private mixin to another mixin and then call it from that other mixin:

LESS

.someMixin(@class; @expectedMixin) {
    .@{class} {
      @expectedMixin();
      .myPrivateMix(0.6);
      test: 1;
    }
}

.someMixin(newClass; {.myClass;});

.myClass {
  .myPrivateMix(@value) {opacity: @value;}
}

CSS Output

.newClass {
  opacity: 0.6;
  test: 1;
}

---

Kept the below for legacy info.

Updated (added LESS 1.4.0+ support)

Wow, this took some doing, but I think I have something you can work with. However, it does take some special defining of your mixins in your modules, specifically, using pattern matching . So...

First, Define Your Module Mixins

Note how the module mixins intended to be used in a specific future mixin are defined with the same mixin name , but with a different pattern name. This was key to making this work.

// define one animation in a module
.from(my-from){ color: red; }
.to(my-to) { color: blue; }

// define one animation in another module
.from(another-from){ font-size: 1em; }
.to(another-to) { font-size: 2em; }

If you also want individual mixin names in the modules, you should be able to do this:

// define one animation in a module
.my-from(){ color: red; }
.my-to() { color: blue; }

.from(my-from){ .my-from() }
.to(my-to) { .my-to() }   

// define one animation in another module
.another-from(){ font-size: 1em; }
.another-to() { font-size: 2em; }

.from(another-from){ .another-from() }
.to(another-to) { .another-to() }

This should allow one to call either the straight mixin .my-from() or, to make it variably accessible within later mixins that access the singular .from() mixin group through the pattern matching.

Next, Define Your Mixin

For your @keyframes example, that was extremely difficult. In fact, a stack overflow answer was vital to helping me solve an issue with applying the @name , which was not applying under normal LESS rules because of it following the @keyframes definition. The solution to apply the @name looks nasty, but it works. It does have the, perhaps, unfortunate necessity of also defining a selector string to play the animation by (because it uses that string to help build the last } of the keyframes). This naming limitation would only be true of css strings that begin with @ like @keyframes and probably @media .

Further, because we have a standard mixin name used in our module files, we can access that consistently within our new mixin, while at the same time passing a variable in to select the proper variation of that mixin through a pattern match. So we get:

LESS 1.3.3 or under

// define mixin in mixin file

.keyframes(@selector, @name, @from, @to) {
    @newline: `"\n"`; // Newline
    .setVendor(@pre, @post, @vendor) {
        (~"@{pre}@@{vendor}keyframes @{name} {@{newline}from") {
            .from(@from); 
        }    
        to  { 
            .to(@to);
        }
       .Local(){}
       .Local() when (@post=1) {
           (~"}@{newline}@{selector}") {
              -moz-animation: @name;
              -webkit-animation: @name;
              -o-animation: @name;
              -ms-animation: @name;
              animation: @name;
           } 
       }    
       .Local;
    } 
    .setVendor(""            , 0,    "-moz-");
    .setVendor(~"}@{newline}", 0, "-webkit-");
    .setVendor(~"}@{newline}", 0,      "-o-");
    .setVendor(~"}@{newline}", 0,     "-ms-");
    .setVendor(~"}@{newline}", 1,         "");
}

LESS 1.4.0+

.keyframes(@selector, @name, @from, @to) {
    @newline: `"\n"`; // Newline
    .setVendor(@pre, @post, @vendor) {
        @frames: ~"@{pre}@@{vendor}keyframes @{name} {@{newline}from";
        @{frames} {
            .from(@from); 
        }    
        to  { 
            .to(@to);
        }
       .Local(){}
       .Local() when (@post=1) {
           @animationSector: ~"}@{newline}@{selector}";
           @{animationSector} {
              -moz-animation: @name;
              -webkit-animation: @name;
              -o-animation: @name;
              -ms-animation: @name;
              animation: @name;
           } 
       }    
       .Local;
    } 
    .setVendor(""            , 0,    "-moz-");
    .setVendor(~"}@{newline}", 0, "-webkit-");
    .setVendor(~"}@{newline}", 0,      "-o-");
    .setVendor(~"}@{newline}", 0,     "-ms-");
    .setVendor(~"}@{newline}", 1,         "");
}

Now Call Your Mixin

You can give it your own name, and just pass the straight pattern (all are no dot [.] and no quotes) for the pattern matches on the module mixins, but don't forget that you also need a selector string (which is quoted) to get the mixin to work right:

.keyframes('.changeColor', some-name, my-from, my-to);
.keyframes('.changeFontSize', another-name, another-from, another-to);

Which Gives You the Desired Output

@-moz-keyframes some-name {
from {
  color: red;
}
to {
  color: blue;
}
}
@-webkit-keyframes some-name {
from {
  color: red;
}
to {
  color: blue;
}
}
@-o-keyframes some-name {
from {
  color: red;
}
to {
  color: blue;
}
}
@-ms-keyframes some-name {
from {
  color: red;
}
to {
  color: blue;
}
}
@keyframes some-name {
from {
  color: red;
}
to {
  color: blue;
}
}
.changeColor {
  -moz-animation: some-name;
  -webkit-animation: some-name;
  -o-animation: some-name;
  -ms-animation: some-name;
  animation: some-name;
}
@-moz-keyframes another-name {
from {
  font-size: 1em;
}
to {
  font-size: 2em;
}
}
@-webkit-keyframes another-name {
from {
  font-size: 1em;
}
to {
  font-size: 2em;
}
}
@-o-keyframes another-name {
from {
  font-size: 1em;
}
to {
  font-size: 2em;
}
}
@-ms-keyframes another-name {
from {
  font-size: 1em;
}
to {
  font-size: 2em;
}
}
@keyframes another-name {
from {
  font-size: 1em;
}
to {
  font-size: 2em;
}
}
.changeFontSize {
  -moz-animation: another-name
  -webkit-animation: another-name;
  -o-animation: another-name;
  -ms-animation: another-name;
  animation: another-name;
}

Answer 2

Simplification

I just simplified a little ScottS' way, separateing @keframes from -animation :

.keyframes(@name, @from, @to) {
    @newline: `"\n"`;
    .Local(@x){};
    .Local(@x) when (@x="") {(~"}@{newline}/*"){a:a}/**/};

    .setVendor(@pre, @vendor) {
        (~"@{pre}@@{vendor}keyframes @{name} {@{newline}from") {
            .from(@from);
        }
        to {
            .to(@to);
        }
        .Local(@vendor);
    }
    .setVendor(""            , "-webkit-");
    .setVendor(~"}@{newline}",    "-moz-");
    .setVendor(~"}@{newline}",      "-o-");
    .setVendor(~"}@{newline}",         "");
}

.animation(...) {
  -webkit-animation: @arguments;
     -moz-animation: @arguments;
       -o-animation: @arguments;
          animation: @arguments;
}

use:

.from(a1-from){ width: 10px; }
.to(a1-to) { width: 20px; }
.keyframes(a1-animation, a1-from, a1-to);


.selector {
    // some other css
    .animation(a1-animation 1s infinite linear);
}

output:

@-webkit-keyframes a1-animation {
from {
  width: 10px;
}
to {
  width: 20px;
}
}
@-moz-keyframes a1-animation {
from {
  width: 10px;
}
to {
  width: 20px;
}
}
@-o-keyframes a1-animation {
from {
  width: 10px;
}
to {
  width: 20px;
}
}
@keyframes a1-animation {
from {
  width: 10px;
}
to {
  width: 20px;
}
}
/* {
  a: a;
}
/**/


.selector {
  // some other css
  -webkit-animation: a1-animation 1s infinite linear;
  -moz-animation: a1-animation 1s infinite linear;
  -o-animation: a1-animation 1s infinite linear;
  animation: a1-animation 1s infinite linear;
}

little problem:

So animation is now separated from @keyframes, but we got to pay the price . There is a nasty:

/* {
  a: a;
}
/**/

but it shouldn't be a problem -> propably all of us push CSS files through any kinds of minifiers which cut comments out.

Answer 3

You can also use my solution to generate CSS keyframes: https://github.com/thybzi/keyframes

Features:

• Cross-browser keyframes generation (Firefox 5+, Chrome 3+, Safari 4+, Opera 12+, IE 10+)
• Up to 16 timepoints in each keyframes rule (and the number can be easily augmented, if needed)
• Mixins, variables and functions can be used for styling timepoints
• Keyframes are created separately from animation rules, so:
  • multiple animation rules can use the same keyframe with different values for timing, repeating, etc,
  • multiple animations can be used within same animation rule
  • animations can be applied (not created!) inside any parent selector
• Lightweight and (almost) neat LESS code

Basic usage:

// Preparing styles for animation points
.keyframes-item(fadeIn, 0%) {
    opacity: 0;
}
.keyframes-item(fadeIn, 100%) {
    opacity: 1;
}
// Generating keyframes
.keyframes(fadeIn);

// Applying animation to fade-in block in 1.5 seconds
.myBlock {
    .animation(fadeIn 1.5s);
}

Answer 4

Its not really how you would use mixins.

You should do something along the lines of:

.mixin-one { ... }
.mixin-two { ... }
.target-style {
    .mixin-one;
    .mixin-two;
    font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';
    color: magenta;
}