如何在 GDB 中漂亮地打印 STL 个容器？

Question

I've followed the instructions on the GDB wiki to install the python pretty-printers for viewing STL containers. My ~/.gdbinit now looks like this:

python 
import sys 
sys.path.insert(0, '/opt/gdb_prettyprint/python') 
from libstdcxx.v6.printers import register_libstdcxx_printers 
register_libstdcxx_printers (None) 
end 

However, when I run GDB and attempt to print an STL type, I get the following:

print myString
Python Exception <class 'gdb.error'> No type named std::basic_string<char>::_Rep.: 
$3 = 

Can anyone shed some light on this? I'm running Ubuntu 12.04, which comes with GDB 7.4.

Answer 1

It just works on Ubuntu 17.04

Debian seems to have finally integrated things properly now:

main.cpp

#include <map>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> v;
    v.push_back(0);
    v.push_back(1);
    v.push_back(2);
    std::map<int,int> m;
    m.insert(std::make_pair(0, 0));
    m.insert(std::make_pair(1, -1));
    m.insert(std::make_pair(2, -2));
}

Compile:

g++ -O0 -ggdb3 -o main.out -std=c++98 main.cpp

Outcome:

(gdb) p v
$1 = std::vector of length 3, capacity 4 = {0, 1, 2}
(gdb) p m
$2 = std::map with 3 elements = {[0] = 0, [1] = -1, [2] = -2}

We can see that the pretty printer is installed with:

(gdb) info pretty-printer

Which contains the lines:

global pretty-printers:
  objfile /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 pretty-printers:
  libstdc++-v6
    std::map
    std::vector

The printers are provided by the file:

/usr/share/gcc-7/python/libstdcxx/v6/printers.py

which comes with the main C++ library package libstdc++6 and is located under libstdc++-v3/python/libstdcxx in the GCC source code: https://github.com/gcc-mirror/gcc/blob/gcc-6_3_0-release/libstdc%2B%2B-v3/python/libstdcxx/v6/printers.py#L244

TODO: how GDB finds that file is the final mistery, it is not in my Python path: python -c "import sys; print('\\n'.join(sys.path))" so it must be hardcoded somewhere?

Custom classes

See how to define a custom toString method and call it at: Printing C++ class objects with GDB

Inspect specific elements in optimized code

It was hard last time I checked, you get "Cannot evaluate function -- may be in-lined" C++, STL, GDB: Cannot evaluate function maybe inlined

On unoptimized code it works: Inspecting standard container (std::map) contents with gdb

Answer 2

您可以尝试使用以下GDB 宏（将其附加到您的~/.gdbinit文件）来打印 STL 容器类型数据甚至它们的数据成员： https : //gist.github.com/3978082

Answer 3

I ran on this problem and hit this page while trying to figure it out. I eventually fixed it, and I thought it would be worth it to share my experience.

I am using gcc-5.2, so I downloaded the gcc-5-branch version of pretty printer from the svn repo. However, I had to do these two mods:

1. when editing the ~/.gdbinit file, the suggested addition is

   python import sys sys.path.insert(0, '/home/bartgol/.gdb/gdb_printers/python') from libstdcxx.v6.printers import register_libstdcxx_printers register_libstdcxx_printers (None) end

However, I had to comment the line register_libstdcxx_printers (None) , since I kept getting an error telling me the libstdcxx_printers were already registered. Apparently they get registered during the import phase.

2. I had to edit the printers.py file for std::set and std::map . Since the type _Rep_type is private in both. In particular, I replace the routine children in std::map and std::set with the corresponding one in the version of pretty printer from the gcc-4_6-branch version on the svn repo. Got no error ever since, and stuff prints out nicely now.

Hope this helps.

Answer 4

Check your gcc version. If it is less than 4.7, you need use another printer.py file. Get the file from http://gcc.gnu.org/svn/gcc/branches/gcc-4_6-branch/libstdc++-v3/python/ .

Answer 5

Instead of methods listed in the link you mentioned , you can try the script here ,

Do as follows:

1) Download the script to /your/path . Name it to some name eg your_name.conf .

2) Add a ~/.gdbinit file to home directory if you don't have one.

3) Add a line source /your/path/your_name.conf to your ~/.gdbinit .

4) Restart gdb. Try pvector

You can find help information with commands like help pvector .

eg

pvector vec 5      # Prints element[5] in vec
pvector vec 5 10   # Prints elements in range [5, 10] in vec. (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

FYI, the script adds several commands ( pvector , plist , pmap etc.) to gdb whose function is to print the elements of STL. It also adds print pretty , yielding nice format like this:

Also, if you wanna know how exactly the elements of STL are accessed in gdb, just read the code of the commands. There's no secret in the code. ^_^

eg vectors are accessed by ._M_impl._M_start

p vec._M_impl._M_start + 4 # prints vec[4]

Answer 6

If you type info type _Rep after the Python exception, gdb will inform you about the classes loaded that match _Rep. That list could help you to find why python cannot find your std::string class .

I just faced your problem and in my case was intel c compiler, icc, who broke pretty printing. In particular, unqualified icc name for std::string results in:

std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::_Rep;

but pretty printer was looking for unqualified gcc name:

std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>::_Rep;

What I did to solve my problem was modifying class StdStringPrinter in printers.py, adding the unqualified name of the string to the typename to look in gdb. Replacing the line:

reptype = gdb.lookup_type (str (realtype) + '::_Rep').pointer ()

with this:

reptype = gdb.lookup_type (str (realtype) + '::' + str (realtype) + '::_Rep').pointer ()

With the obtained list from info type you could fix your pretty printers to make them work.

Answer 7

I think you are using a non-GNU STL library, or possible a very old GCC libstdc++ . The type of a normal STL string on my compiler is: std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > . Note that this is not std::basic_string<char> .

The Python code has this in it:

reptype = gdb.lookup_type (str (realtype) + '::_Rep').pointer ()

This look up a nested type ::Rep of whatever the base string type actually is. The error message inidicates that the string class of whatever strange library you're using doesn't actually have a ::Rep nested type.

Answer 8

Errors like you post above usually appears when program is LLVM-build (compiled by clang ), and you try to debug it by gdb (which should be used for GCC-build programs). In theory, LLVM-build program may be debugged by gdb , and vice versa. But to avoid problems like posted above, you should use lldb if you use clang , and should use gdb if you use g++ .

Answer 9

Similar to enter link description here Worked for me in ~/.gdbinit:

python
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, '/usr/share/gcc-8/python')
from libstdcxx.v6.printers import register_libstdcxx_printers
register_libstdcxx_printers (None)
end

Answer 10

I had this problem on my system as well.

For me the fix was the following

In ~/.gdbinit

python
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, '<path/to/gcc/dir>/GCCcore/9.3.0/share/gcc-9.3.0/python/')
exec(open("<path/to/gcc/dir>/GCCcore/9.3.0/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.28-gdb.py").read())
end

The issues is that the python folder that contains the pretty printers was not part of python's search path (just like you would normally need to add your python modules location to $PYTHONPATH ). The first command accomplishes that. The next issue is that now the pretty printers need to be loaded. GCC provides a script for doing so in GCCcore/9.3.0/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.28-gdb.py on my system. The second command 'sources' this script which will load the printers.

---

PS

Before making this modification I also got the following error:

warning: File "<path/to/gcc/dir>/GCCcore/9.3.0/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.28-gdb.py" auto-loading has been declined by your `auto-load safe-path' set to "$debugdir:$datadir/auto-load".

Which can be fixed by adding the following to the gdb init file

add-auto-load-safe-path  <path/to/gcc/dir>/software/GCCcore/9.3.0/

However, this still does not allow the pretty printers to work (because of the path still not being set), and after the python fix above, is not needed.