使程序读取文件的某些部分

Question

I've a file which contains names and grades of students, and I'd like to write a program which can sort their grades (like midterm 1,midterm 2) according to user choice. I wrote as far as the choice part and opening the file, yet I don't know how to make program read only certain part of the file (like only Midterm 1 grades for example) and sort them only. Here's what I've wrote so far;

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct {
int number;
char name[30];
char surname[30];
int midterm1,midterm2,midterm3;
} Student;

int main()
{
int choice,studentnumber,midterm1,midterm2,midterm3;
char surname;
FILE *cfPtr;

struct student *name;
name = malloc( 10 * sizeof(Student));

if ((cfPtr = fopen("grades.txt", "r")) == NULL)
printf("File cannot be opened.\n");
else {


const int STUDENTSMAX = 100;

Student students[STUDENTSMAX];
int i = 0;

while (!feof(cfPtr))

{
fscanf(cfPtr, "%d%s%s%d%d%d", &students[i].number,  &students[i].name,&students[i].surname, &students[i].midterm1, &students[i].midterm2, &students[i].midterm3);
 printf("%4d%15s%15s%10d%10d%10d\n", students[i].number, students[i].name,students[i].surname, students[i].midterm1, students[i].midterm2, students[i].midterm3);
 i++;
 }

 printf("What would you like to do? \n"
 "1- Sort according to midterm 1\n"
 "2- Sort according to midterm 2\n"
 "3- Sort according to midterm 3\n"
 "4- Exit\n");
  scanf("%d",&choice);

  while (choice != 4);{


  switch (choice) {

       case 1:
            qsort(students,10,sizeof(int),comp);
            for (i=0; i<9; i++)      
   printf("%4d%15s%15s%10d%10d%10d\n", students[i].number,  students[i].name,students[i].surname, students[i].midterm1);




    fclose(cfPtr);
   }

   system("PAUSE"); 
   return 0;
    }

Answer 1

Given what might be a somewhat free form text file (based on the shown code), it probably makes sense just to read the entire file (somewhat like you are already doing) and only use the parts that you need. If the text file has a very specific format with fixed offsets, you could seek to certain locations in the file and read a specific column value, then seek to the next offset and read the column value from the next row. But that is probably more trouble than it is worth and would not be much more efficient (if at all).

Having said that, to sort the results, you probably need the entire file anyway. For example, if you just read and sort the "midterm 1" value, then the result would just be sorted grades without any associated name and student number. So without knowing more about the goal, you might consider creating a struct that can hold a single row (student number, name, surname, midterm1, etc.). Then create an array of those and read each row into an element of the array. If you know how many rows exist up front, you can allocate the array in one chunk, otherwise you might need to reallocate it as you go to grow it.

Once you have read the entire array, you could sort based on the desired value (eg, with qsort .

Having mentioned that, there a few problems/issues with the existing shown code:

• The second printf has fewer format specifiers (%s) than parameters.
• The third printf with the "What would you like to do" question is missing the closing paren.
• The fprintf is incorrect; it should have a file handle as the first parameter. I suspect, though, that it was maybe meant to be printf ?
• The final while loop has an extraneous semicolon (;) following its closing paren, which means that it has an empty body rather than the apparently intended printf and switch statement.
• The switch statement is a bit odd as written. I assume that is the "unfinished" part. But including the fclose in it seems strange. It should probably be at the end of the main else .
• Using system("PAUSE"); is maybe not the best choice. Perhaps using getch would make more sense to pause for input.

Edit Here is some additional information in response to your comment asking for more details. This sounds like homework to me, so it doesn't seem right just to give the answer. But here is one way to do it:

• Define a struct with the 6 items that are in the file (basically put in the 6 variables that you currently have defined as local variables).
• Declare a local variable (eg, grades ) as a pointer to struct that you defined.
• Use malloc to allocate memory and assign it to the pointer just mentioned. The amount of memory is perhaps the trickiest part of this whole thing. The size parameter to malloc will be something like numRecs * sizeof( yourstruct ) . The question is what numRecs should be. If this is an assignment and you were told how many records there would be (a maximum), then just use that. If, though, it is "unknown", then there are a couple of ways of dealing with that. One is to just guess at a number (eg, 100) and then while reading them in a loop use realloc if you exceed 100. The other alternative (probably less efficient) would be to use two loops - read through them once without storing them but just count them and then allocate the known size and read them again. I would use the realloc version.
• Replace the use of the local variables with the array (that was malloc ed). For example, instead of studentnumber you would use grades[arraypos].studentnumber . While you read them in, keep a counter of how many there are. You can then use qsort to sort the array.

Edit 2

• Your struct definition looks correct except that the FILE *cfPtr; member should not be in it. It should still be a local variable.
• For ease of use, you can define the struct as typedef struct { ... } Student; . That way you can just use Student instead of struct Student in the code. Note that I capitalized the name (personal preference in naming to make it not look like a variable name).
• For the malloc, you are close. But as written, it is allocating space for a single record. You would need something like this: name = malloc( 50 * sizeof( struct student )); (or malloc( 50 * sizeof( Student )); if you change it to use the typedef. That assumes there would not be 50 or fewer records to read from the file.