使用用户输入来调用功能

Question

I was trying to make a "game" in Python where the user inputs a command. However, I do not know whether you can take that input to be a function name. This is my current effort:

def move():
    print("Test.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    input("Press enter to begin.")
    currentEnvironment = getNewEnvironment(environments)
    currentTimeOfDay = getTime(timeTicks, timeOfDay)
    print("You are standing in the {0}. It is {1}.".format(currentEnvironment, currentTimeOfDay))
    command = input("> ")
    command()

Here, the input was move, as I wanted to try and call that function (as a potential end user might). However, I get the following error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Text Adventure.py", line 64, in <module>
    command()
TypeError: 'str' object is not callable

I was wondering if there was any way that I could allow a user to 'move' in the game, which the program achieves by calling the "move" function.

Answer 1

It looks like you're using python3.x where input returns a string. To recover the python2.x behavior, you need eval(input()) . However, you shouldn't do this. It's likely to lead to a bad day.

---

A better idea is to put the functions into a dictionary --

def move():
    #...

def jump():
    #...

function_dict = {'move':move, 'jump':jump }

and then:

func = input('>')  #raw_input on python2.x
function_dict[func]()

---

The following code works for me on python3.2.

def move():
    print("Test.")

func_dict = {'move':move}
if __name__ == "__main__":
    input("Press enter to begin.")
    currentEnvironment = "room" #getNewEnvironment(environments)
    currentTimeOfDay = "1 A.M." #getTime(timeTicks, timeOfDay)
    print("You are standing in the {0}. It is {1}.".format(currentEnvironment, currentTimeOfDay))
    command = input("> ")
    func_dict[command]()

Answer 2

Have a look at the cmd module. See this .

It is normally used for shell style comman dlanguages, but it can also be used to create simple text style adventure games.

You can create commands by creating a new method on the Cmd subclass.

Eg

def do_move(self, args):
    if self.next_room.has_snake():
        print "The next room contains a poisonous snake. It bites you and you die."
    else:
        print "The room is empty"

Answer 3

You can access functions by name using:

function = globals()[function_name]

if the function is in the current module, or

function = getattr(other_module, function_name)

You should also take measures to disallow calling arbitrary functions, for example, prefixing:

 def cmd_move() # ok to call this
 def cmd_jump() # ok to call this

 def internal_func....

 cmd = raw_input('>') # e.g. "move"
 fun = globals()['cmd_' + cmd]
 fun()

Answer 4

按照Hans的建议，通常最好重用代码，但是如果您想输入命令并手动运行它们，那么拥有有效命令字典比直接执行用户提供的输入要安全得多。

cmd = { 'move': move, 'jump': jump, 'look': look }