DI，为一个接口定义注册多个实例

Question

I have an interface INavigationService and a simple container that allows registration with and without key.

This is useful to me as the framework will inject the registered instances into the constructor of my view models.

Now I have multiple navigation services (due to frames in my UI). They all implement the same basic interface ( INavigationService ).

I want to be able to have the container inject these instances into the correct navigation tree (frame + subsequent views/view models) without me having to pass around parameters (DI registration key).

How is this usually done?

I can imagine something that is attribute based (thus putting the registration key onto all dependent class definitions). But the container doesn't support this. It also seems to be a hassle.

I could also create an interface exclusively for tagging. So INavigationService<T> and register each navigation service with a different type argument. Eg the type of the first view of a frame. This would give me the resolution I need, although I would pass around interfaces that do not have any meaning.

On the other hand, I get IDE support for finding dependent views (for example by creating types like FileTreeNavigation : INavigationService<FileTreeView>

Is there another pattern?

Answer 1

I'm not sure how this applies to Caliburn Micro, but since the question is about patterns, I'll describe here the way I managed to solve this problem with StrucureMap : using the Ctor<> method which allows specifying concrete types for constructor parameter resolution.

Also, I think using specialized interfaces (your FileTreeNavigation example) is great, but if for some reason you don't find this appropriate, read on.

Let's suppose that we have the INavigationService interface and two different implementations:

public interface INavigationService { }
public class NavigationServiceA : INavigationService { }
public class NavigationServiceB : INavigationService { }

Next, we have two different Service classes, both depending on the INavigationService interface:

public class ServiceA
{
    private readonly INavigationService _navigationService;

    public ServiceA(INavigationService navigationService)
    {
        _navigationService = navigationService;
    }
}

public class ServiceB
{
    private readonly INavigationService _navigationService;

    public ServiceB(INavigationService navigationService)
    {
        _navigationService = navigationService;
    }
}

Finally, we have a class that we'll resolve using the IoC container. The class depends on both ServiceA and ServiceB and is defined as follows:

public class SomeClassToResolve
{
    private readonly ServiceA _serviceA;
    private readonly ServiceB _serviceB;

    public SomeClassToResolve(ServiceA serviceA, ServiceB serviceB)
    {
        _serviceA = serviceA;
        _serviceB = serviceB;
    }
}

StructureMap offers the possibility of specifying what type to use in order to resolve a constructor parameter. This is how the registration looks like:

ForConcreteType<ServiceA>().Configure.Ctor<INavigationService>().Is<NavigationServiceA>();
ForConcreteType<ServiceB>().Configure.Ctor<INavigationService>().Is<NavigationServiceB>();

Now, when I call container.GetInstance<SomeClassToResolve>(); it'll construct an instance of SomeClassToResolve , which has instances of ServiceA and ServiceB correctly constructed (having NavigationServiceA and NavigationServiceB , respectively).

This is one way to do it, that I found to be more straight forward. There's also the possibility of doing Conditional Construction , but I think that can get pretty complex.

PS: searching for "caliburn micro constructor" I stumbled upon this approach which seems similar to what I'm doing with StructureMap (only that here it's called InjectionConstructor ).