避免内存泄漏/使用Javascript

Question

I am newbie to jQuery. I am bit confused whether is it fine or may cause memory leak ?

Here is the code: This method is called on certain date filters for each new values

function preapreTooltip(chart) {
    var tickLength = chart.xAxis[0].tickPositions.length,
        ticks = chart.xAxis[0].ticks,
        tickPositions = chart.xAxis[0].tickPositions;
    for ( var iCntr = 0; iCntr < tickLength; iCntr++) {
         var tickVal = tickPositions[iCntr];

    //.label or .mark or both
    (function(tickVal) { // Is this good practice to call function like this?
        ticks[tickVal].label
        .on('mouseover', function(event) { // Is this good practice to call function like this?
            var label = '', labelCnt=0;
            $(chart.series).each(function(nCntr, series) {
                //business logic for each series
            });

           // calling method to show values in a popup
        });

        ticks[tickVal].label.on('mouseout', function(event) { // Is this good practice to call function like this?
            try {
                hideWrapper(); // hides popup
            } catch (e) {
            // do nothing
            }
        });

    })(tickVal);
  }
}

Answer 1

Whilst there are browser specific issues that need to be avoided when writing large pure JavaScript projects, when using a library such as jQuery it should be assumed that the library's design helps you avoid these problems. However, considering memory leaks are rather hard to track down, and each different version of a particular browser could behave differently - it is far better to know how to generally avoid memory leaks than being specific:

1. If your code is being iterated many times, make sure the variables you are using can be discarded by garbage collection , and are not tied up in closure references.
2. If your code is dealing with large data structures, make sure you have a way of removing or nullifying the data.
3. If your code constructs many objects, functions and event listeners - it is always best to include some deconstructive code too.
4. Try to avoid attaching javascript objects or functions to elements directly as an attribute - ie element.onclick = function(){} .
5. If in doubt, always tidy up when your code is finished.

You seem to believe that it is the way of calling a function that will have an effect on leaking, however it is always much more likely to be the content of those functions that could cause a problem.

With your code above, my only suggestions would be:

1. Whenever using event listeners try and find a way to reuse functions rather than creating one per element. This can be achieved by using event delegation (trapping the event on an ancestor/parent and delegating the reaction to the event.target ) , or coding a singular general function to deal with your elements in a relative way, most often relative to this or $(this) .

2. When needing to create many event handlers, it is usually best to store those event listeners as named functions so you can remove them again when you are finished. This would mean avoiding using anonymous functions as you are doing. However, if you know that it is only your code dealing with the DOM, you can fallback to using $(elements).unbind('click') to remove all click handlers (anonymous or not) applied using jQuery to the selected elements. If you do use this latter method however, it is definitely better to use jQuery's event namespacing ability - so that you know you are only removing your events. ie $(elements).unbind('click.my_app'); . This obviously means you do have to bind the events using $(elements).bind('click.my_app', function(){...});

being more specific:

auto calling an anonymous function

(function(){
  /*
   running an anonymous function this way will never cause a memory
   leak because memory leaks (at least the ones we have control over) 
   require a variable reference getting caught in memory with the 
   JavaScript runtime still believing that the variable is in use, 
   when it isn't - meaning that it never gets garbage collected. 
   This construction has nothing to reference it, and so will be 
   forgotten the second it has been evaluated.
  */
})();

adding an anonymous event listener with jQuery:

var really_large_variable = {/*Imagine lots of data here*/};

$(element).click(function(){
  /*
   Whilst I will admit not having investigated to see how jQuery
   handles its event listeners onunload, I doubt if it is auto-
   matically unbinding them. This is because for most code they
   wont cause a problem, especially if only a few are in use. For
   larger projects though it is a good idea to create some beforeunload
   or unload handlers that delete data and unbind any event handling.
   The reason for this is not to protect against the reference of the
   function itself, but to make sure the references the function keeps
   alive are removed. This is all down to how JS scope works, if you
   have never read up on JavaScript scope... I suggest you do so.

   As an example however, this anonymous function has access to the
   `really_large_variable` above - and will prevent any garbage collection
   system from deleting the data contained in `really_large_variable`
   even if this function or any other code never makes use of it. 
   When the page unloads you would hope that the browser would be able
   to know to clear the memory involved, but you can't be 100% certain
   it will *(especially the likes of IE6/7)* - so it is always best
   to either make sure you set the contents of `really_large_variable` to null
   or make sure you remove your references to your closures/event listeners.
  */
});

tearDowns and deconstruction

I've focused - with regard to my explanations - on when the page is no longer required and the user is navigating away. However the above becomes even more relevant in today's world of ajaxed content and highly dynamic interfaces; GUIs that are constantly creating and trashing elements.

If you are creating a dynamic javascript app, I cannot stress how important it is to have constructors with .tearDown or .deconstruct methods that are executed when the code is no longer required. These should step through large custom object constructs and nullify their content, as well as removing event listeners and elements that have been dynamically created and are no longer of use. You should also use jQuery's empty method before replacing an element's content - this can be better explained in their words:

http://api.jquery.com/empty/

To avoid memory leaks, jQuery removes other constructs such as data and event handlers from the child elements before removing the elements themselves.

If you want to remove elements without destroying their data or event handlers (so they can be re-added later), use .detach() instead.

Not only does coding with tearDown methods force you to do so more tidily (ie making sure you to keep related code, events and elements namespaced together) , it generally means you build code in a more modular fashion; which is obviously far better for future-proofing your app, for read-ability, and for anyone else who may take over your project at a later date.

Answer 2

Here is an excellent article to detect memory leak using Chrome or Safari : http://javascript.crockford.com/memory/leak.html

It is use not well known functionalities of Developer Tools panel.

Interesting and very useful!

EDIT

It was not the good link (but still useful). Here is the one : http://gent.ilcore.com/2011/08/finding-memory-leaks.html