将 lxml.etree 导入 python 时出错

Question

i have installed an lxml on my mac, when i type in python like this

localhost:lxml-3.0.1 apple$ python
Python 2.7.3 (v2.7.3:70274d53c1dd, Apr  9 2012, 20:52:43) 
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from lxml import etree
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/lxml-3.0.1-py2.7-macosx-10.6-intel.egg/lxml/etree.so, 2): Symbol not found: ___xmlStructuredErrorContext
  Referenced from: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/lxml-3.0.1-py2.7-macosx-10.6-intel.egg/lxml/etree.so
  Expected in: flat namespace
 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/lxml-3.0.1-py2.7-macosx-10.6-intel.egg/lxml/etree.so

Answer 1

I had the same problem. If you have installed it with pip as follows: pip install lxml

Instead, try to use

STATIC_DEPS=true pip install lxml

This solved the problem for me.

Found at this website

Answer 2

If you've installed libxml2 , then it's possible that it's just not picking up the right version (there's a version installed with OS X by default). In particular, suppose you've installed libxml2 to /usr/local . You can check what shared libraries etree.so references:

$> otool -L /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/lxml-3.2.1-py2.7-macosx-10.7-intel.egg/lxml/etree.so 
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/lxml-3.2.1-py2.7-macosx-10.7-intel.egg/lxml/etree.so:
    /usr/lib/libxslt.1.dylib (compatibility version 3.0.0, current version 3.24.0)
    /usr/local/lib/libexslt.0.dylib (compatibility version 9.0.0, current version 9.17.0)
    /usr/lib/libxml2.2.dylib (compatibility version 10.0.0, current version 10.3.0)
    /usr/lib/libz.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.2.5)
    /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 159.1.0)

Checking for that symbol in the system-installed version:

$> nm /usr/lib/libxml2.2.dylib | grep ___xmlStructuredErrorContext

For me, it's not present in the system-installed library. In the version I installed, however:

$> nm /usr/local/lib/libxml2.2.dylib | grep ___xmlStructuredErrorContext
000000000007dec0 T ___xmlStructuredErrorContext

To solve this, make sure your install path appears first in DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH :

$> export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib
$> python
>>> from lxml import etree
# Success!

Answer 3

If you are having this problem in 2022 on an M1 Mac, try this:

pip3 uninstall lxml

pip3 install lxml

This will both upgrade lxml to the latest version (4.7.1 vs. 4.6.3 in my case) and clear files that could be causing issues per other anecdotal evidence on this problem.

Answer 4

Run the following command to install the lxml package.

pip install lxml --user 

should fix the issue. I tested it on MAC OSX 10.7.5, it worked fine.