如何通过正则表达式从mysql数据库中选择记录

Question

I have a regexp to validate user email address.

/^(|(([A-Za-z0-9]+_+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+\-+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+\.+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+\++))*[A-Za-z0-9]+@((\w+\-+)|(\w+\.))*\w{1,63}\.[a-zA-Z]{2,})$/i"

With the help of active record, I want to fetch from a database all the users whose email address doesn't match this regexp. I tried the following scope to achieve the desired result, but all I get is ActiveRecord::Relation .

scope :not_match_email_regex, :conditions => ["NOT email REGEXP ?'", /^(|(([A-Za-z0-9]+_+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+\-+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+\.+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+\++))*[A-Za-z0-9]+@((\w+\-+)|(\w+\.))*\w{1,63}\.[a-zA-Z]{2,})$/"]

This gives me the following query:

SELECT `users`.* FROM `users` WHERE (email REGEXP '--- !ruby/regexp /^(|(([A-Za-z0-9]+_+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+\\-+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+\\.+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+\\++))*[A-Za-z0-9]+@((\\w+\\-+)|(\\w+\\.))*\\w{1,63}\\.[a-zA-Z]{2,})$/\n...\n')

I also tried to define this scope in the following way with the same result:

scope :not_match_email_regex, :conditions => ["email REGEXP '(|(([A-Za-z0-9]+_+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+\-+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+\.+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+\++))*[A-Za-z0-9]+@((\w+\-+)|(\w+\.))*\w{1,63}\.[a-zA-Z]{2,})'"]

The query it generates is:

SELECT `users`.* FROM `users` WHERE (email REGEXP '(|(([A-Za-z0-9]+_+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+-+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+.+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+++))*[A-Za-z0-9]+@((w+-+)|(w+.))*w{1,63}.[a-zA-Z]{2,})')

How can I fetch all records that match or don't match the given regex?

Answer 1

EDIT 12-11-30 small corrections partly according to the comment by @innocent_rifle

The suggested Regexp here is trying to make the same matches as in the original question

1. In my solution when I first wrote it I forgot that you must escape \\ in strings because I was testing directly in MySQL. When discussing Regexps it's confusing to use Regexps in strings, so I will use this form instead eg /dot\\./.source which (in Ruby) will give "dot\\\\." .

2. REGEXP in MySQL (manual for 5.6, tested in 5.0.67) are using "C escape syntax in strings", so WHERE email REGEXP '\\.' is still the same as WHERE email REGEXP '.' , to find the character "." you must use WHERE email REGEXP '\\\\.' , to achieve that you must use the code .where([ 'email REGEXP ?', "\\\\\\\\."]) . It's more readable to use .where([ 'email REGEXP ?', /\\\\./.source ]) (MySQL needs 2 escapes). However, I prefer to use .where([ 'email REGEXP ?', /[.]/.source ]) , then I don't have to worry about how many escapes you need.

3. You don't need to escape "-" in a Regexp, not when using that in [] either as long as that character is the first or the last.

---

Some errors I found: it's the first regexp-or "|" in you expression, and it should be as a String in the query, or using Regexp#source which I prefer. There was also an extra quote at the end I think. Except from that are you really sure the regexps works. If you try it in the console on a string?

Also be aware of that you won't catch emails with NULL in db, in that case you must add (<your existing expr in parentheses>) OR IS NULL

Regexp syntax in my MySQL verion.

I also tested what @Olaf Dietsche wrote in his suggestion, it seems that it's not needed, but it's strongly recommended to follow the standard syntax anyway ( NOT (expr REGEXP pat) or expr NOT REGEXP pat ).

I have done some checking, these things must be changed: use [A-Za-z0-9_] instead of \\w , and \\+ is not valid, you must use \\\\+ ( "\\\\\\\\+" if string), easier with [+] (in both Regexp or string).

It leads to following REGEXP in MySQL

'^(([A-Za-z0-9]+_+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+-+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+[.]+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+[+]+))*[A-Za-z0-9]+@(([A-Za-z0-9]+-+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+[.]))*[A-Za-z0-9]{1,63}[.][a-zA-Z]{2,}$'

Small change suggestions

I don't understand your regexp exactly, so this is only changing your regexp without changing what it will find.

First: change the whole string as I described above

Then change

(([A-Za-z0-9]+_+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+-+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+[.]+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+[+]+))*

to

([A-Za-z0-9]+[-+_.]+)*

and

@(([A-Za-z0-9]+-+)|([A-Za-z0-9]+[.]))*

to

@([A-Za-z]+[-.]+)*

Final code (change to ..., :conditions => ... syntax if you prefer that). I tried to make this find the same strings as in the comment by @innocent_rifle, only adding "_" in expressions to the right of @

.where([ 'NOT (email REGEXP ?)', /^([A-Za-z0-9]+[-+_.]+)*[A-Za-z0-9]+@([A-Za-z0-9]+[-._]+)*[A-Za-z0-9_]{1,63}[.][A-Za-z]{2,}$/.source ])

Answer 2

For validating email addresses, you might want to consider How to Find or Validate an Email Address . At least, this regexp looks a bit simpler.

According to MySQL - Regular Expressions the proper syntax is

expr REGEXP pat

for a match, and

expr NOT REGEXP pat or NOT (expr REGEXP pat)

for the opposite. Don't forget the braces in the second version.