在Python中如何在混合列表中将数字转换为float

Question

I have a list of strings in the form like

a = ['str','5','','4.1']

I want to convert all numbers in the list to float, but leave the rest unchanged, like this

a = ['str',5,'',4.1]

I tried

map(float,a)

but apparently it gave me an error because some string cannot be converted to float. I also tried

a[:] = [float(x) for x in a if x.isdigit()]

but it only gives me

[5]

so the float number and all other strings are lost. What should I do to keep the string and number at the same time?

Answer 1

>>> a = ['str','5','','4.1']
>>> a2 = []
>>> for s in a:
...     try:
...         a2.append(float(s))
...     except ValueError:
...         a2.append(s)
>>> a2
['str', 5.0, '', 4.0999999999999996]

If you're doing decimal math, you may want to look at the decimal module:

>>> import decimal
>>> for s in a:
...     try:
...         a2.append(decimal.Decimal(s))
...     except decimal.InvalidOperation:
...         a2.append(s)
>>> a2
['str', Decimal('5'), '', Decimal('4.1')]

Answer 2

for i, x in enumerate(a):
    try:
        a[i] = float(x)
    except ValueError:
        pass

This assumes you want to change a in place, for creating a new list you can use the following:

new_a = []
for x in a:
    try:
        new_a.append(float(x))
    except ValueError:
        new_a.append(x)

This try/except approach is standard EAFP and will be more efficient and less error prone than checking to see if each string is a valid float.

Answer 3

Here's a way to do it without exception handling and using a bit of regex : -

>>> a = ['str','5','','4.1']
>>> import re
>>> [float(x) if re.match("[+-]?(?:\d+(?:\.\d+)?|\.\d+)$", x) else x for x in a]
4: ['str', 5.0, '', 4.1]

Note that, this regex will cover only a basic range of numbers, applicable in your case. For more elaborate regex to match a wider range of floating-point numbers, like, including exponents, you can take a look at this question: -

• Extract float/double value

Answer 4

My version:

def convert(value):
    try:
        return float(value)
    except ValueError:
        return value

map(convert, a)