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[英]Is gcc std::unordered_map implementation slow? If so - why?
[英]SEGV in gcc's std::unordered_map
我在gcc 4.7.2的unordered_map
遇到了SEGV
在find()
它调用_M_find_node
,后者又调用_M_find_before_node
,传入存储区编号 ,我们正在搜索的键以及哈希码 。
在_M_find_before_node
,它查找有问题的存储桶中的第一个节点:
_BaseNode* __prev_p = _M_buckets[__n];
然后获取以下节点:
_Node* __p = static_cast<_Node*>(__prev_p->_M_nxt);
问题是__prev_p->_M_nxt
为空; _M_equals
尝试取消引用它并导致seg错误。
我不是100%了解unordered_map
的内部工作原理-是否要求存储桶_M_nxt
中的第一个节点不为空,或者这是一个错误?
有问题的代码在这里:
// Find the node whose key compares equal to k in the bucket n. Return nullptr
// if no node is found.
template<typename _Key, typename _Value,
typename _Allocator, typename _ExtractKey, typename _Equal,
typename _H1, typename _H2, typename _Hash, typename _RehashPolicy,
bool __chc, bool __cit, bool __uk>
typename _Hashtable<_Key, _Value, _Allocator, _ExtractKey,
_Equal, _H1, _H2, _Hash, _RehashPolicy,
__chc, __cit, __uk>::_BaseNode*
_Hashtable<_Key, _Value, _Allocator, _ExtractKey, _Equal,
_H1, _H2, _Hash, _RehashPolicy, __chc, __cit, __uk>::
_M_find_before_node(size_type __n, const key_type& __k,
typename _Hashtable::_Hash_code_type __code) const
{
_BaseNode* __prev_p = _M_buckets[__n];
if (!__prev_p)
return nullptr;
_Node* __p = static_cast<_Node*>(__prev_p->_M_nxt); // __p is null here!!
for (;; __p = __p->_M_next())
{
if (this->_M_equals(__k, __code, __p))
return __prev_p;
if (!(__p->_M_nxt) || _M_bucket_index(__p->_M_next()) != __n)
break;
__prev_p = __p;
}
return nullptr;
}
我不是100%了解
unordered_map
的内部工作原理-是否要求存储桶_M_nxt
中的第一个节点不为空,或者这是一个错误?
这个问题显然是针对GCC的实现,但是我很确定,如果_M_buckets[__n]
不为空,那么_M_buckets[__n]->_M_nxt
也应为非空。
即,如果存储桶为空,则_M_buckets[__n]==nullptr
;如果存储桶为非空,则_M_buckets[__n]->_M_nxt
是存储桶中的第一个节点。
尝试使用-D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG
,看看它是否可以识别代码问题,这可能是一个错误,但是您更有可能损坏了容器或使用了错误的容器。
现在的问题已经很老了,但是我最近又处理了同样的问题,下面是如何重现它的示例代码。
#include <chrono>
#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <unordered_map>
int main()
{
std::unordered_map< std::string, int > m_Map{};
m_Map.insert(std::make_pair("a", 0x61));
auto count{1000u};
auto t_remove = std::thread([&m_Map, &count]() {
while (1)
{
m_Map.erase("a");
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::nanoseconds(count));
if(count > 10)
{
count-=10;
}
else
{
count = 1000u;
}
m_Map.insert(std::make_pair("a", 0x61));
}
});
while (1)
{
auto it = m_Map.find("a");
if (it != m_Map.end())
{
std::cerr << "Map has a " << it->first << " = " << it->second << "\n";
}
else
{
std::cerr << "Map does not have a \"a\"\n";
}
}
t_remove.join();
return 0;
}
在(gdb)中经过几次迭代后得出的结果:
Thread 1 "find_stress_tes" received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
0x000000000040505b in std::__detail::_Equal_helper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, unsigned long, true>::_S_equals (__eq=..., __extract=..., __k="a", __c=4993892634952068459, __n=0x0)
at /usr/include/c++/5/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1322
1322 { return __c == __n->_M_hash_code && __eq(__k, __extract(__n->_M_v())); }
(gdb) bt
#0 0x000000000040505b in std::__detail::_Equal_helper<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, unsigned long, true>::_S_equals (__eq=..., __extract=..., __k="a", __c=4993892634952068459, __n=0x0)
at /usr/include/c++/5/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1322
#1 0x0000000000404b2a in std::__detail::_Hashtable_base<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> >::_M_equals (this=0x7fffffffdd40, __k="a",
__c=4993892634952068459, __n=0x0) at /usr/include/c++/5/bits/hashtable_policy.h:1704
#2 0x00000000004044ef in std::_Hashtable<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> >::_M_find_before_node (this=0x7fffffffdd40, __n=1,
__k="a", __code=4993892634952068459) at /usr/include/c++/5/bits/hashtable.h:1433
#3 0x0000000000403e50 in std::_Hashtable<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> >::_M_find_node (this=0x7fffffffdd40, __bkt=1, __key="a",
__c=4993892634952068459) at /usr/include/c++/5/bits/hashtable.h:632
#4 0x000000000040392b in std::_Hashtable<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int>, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> >, std::__detail::_Select1st, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::__detail::_Mod_range_hashing, std::__detail::_Default_ranged_hash, std::__detail::_Prime_rehash_policy, std::__detail::_Hashtable_traits<true, false, true> >::find (this=0x7fffffffdd40, __k="a")
at /usr/include/c++/5/bits/hashtable.h:1307
#5 0x0000000000403675 in std::unordered_map<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, int, std::hash<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::equal_to<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, int> > >::find (this=0x7fffffffdd40,
__x="a") at /usr/include/c++/5/bits/unordered_map.h:615
#6 0x000000000040184b in main () at ../find_stress_test/main.cpp:40
原因很简单,并发访问解决方案是同步。
我希望这会帮助某人;)
除非您在gcc std::unorderd_map
实现中检测到错误,否则最可能的原因是您执行了以下操作:
std::unorderd_map<MyKey, MyValue> my_map;
auto it = my_map.find(some_key); // if some_key was not found, it == my_map.end()
do something with *it; // kaboom! derefence of past-the-end iterator
如果是这种情况,请将其替换为
if (it != my_map.end()) {
do something with *it;
}
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