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从字符串中去除标点符号的最佳方法

[英]Best way to strip punctuation from a string

似乎应该有比以下更简单的方法:

import string
s = "string. With. Punctuation?" # Sample string 
out = s.translate(string.maketrans("",""), string.punctuation)

在那儿?

从效率的角度来看,你不会被打败

s.translate(None, string.punctuation)

对于更高版本的 Python,请使用以下代码:

s.translate(str.maketrans('', '', string.punctuation))

它使用查找表在 C 中执行原始字符串操作 - 除了编写您自己的 C 代码之外,没有什么可以打败它。

如果不担心速度,另一种选择是:

exclude = set(string.punctuation)
s = ''.join(ch for ch in s if ch not in exclude)

这比使用每个字符的 s.replace 快,但性能不如非纯 python 方法,例如正则表达式或 string.translate,正如您从下面的时序中看到的那样。 对于这种类型的问题,在尽可能低的水平上做是有回报的。

计时码:

import re, string, timeit

s = "string. With. Punctuation"
exclude = set(string.punctuation)
table = string.maketrans("","")
regex = re.compile('[%s]' % re.escape(string.punctuation))

def test_set(s):
    return ''.join(ch for ch in s if ch not in exclude)

def test_re(s):  # From Vinko's solution, with fix.
    return regex.sub('', s)

def test_trans(s):
    return s.translate(table, string.punctuation)

def test_repl(s):  # From S.Lott's solution
    for c in string.punctuation:
        s=s.replace(c,"")
    return s

print "sets      :",timeit.Timer('f(s)', 'from __main__ import s,test_set as f').timeit(1000000)
print "regex     :",timeit.Timer('f(s)', 'from __main__ import s,test_re as f').timeit(1000000)
print "translate :",timeit.Timer('f(s)', 'from __main__ import s,test_trans as f').timeit(1000000)
print "replace   :",timeit.Timer('f(s)', 'from __main__ import s,test_repl as f').timeit(1000000)

这给出了以下结果:

sets      : 19.8566138744
regex     : 6.86155414581
translate : 2.12455511093
replace   : 28.4436721802

正则表达式很简单,如果你知道的话。

import re
s = "string. With. Punctuation?"
s = re.sub(r'[^\w\s]','',s)

为了使用方便,我总结了Python 2和Python 3中对字符串进行条带化的注意事项,详细说明请参考其他答案。


蟒蛇2

import string

s = "string. With. Punctuation?"
table = string.maketrans("","")
new_s = s.translate(table, string.punctuation)      # Output: string without punctuation

蟒蛇 3

import string

s = "string. With. Punctuation?"
table = str.maketrans(dict.fromkeys(string.punctuation))  # OR {key: None for key in string.punctuation}
new_s = s.translate(table)                          # Output: string without punctuation
myString.translate(None, string.punctuation)

我通常使用这样的东西:

>>> s = "string. With. Punctuation?" # Sample string
>>> import string
>>> for c in string.punctuation:
...     s= s.replace(c,"")
...
>>> s
'string With Punctuation'

string.punctuation只有ASCII! 更正确(但也更慢)的方法是使用 unicodedata 模块:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from unicodedata import category
s = u'String — with -  «punctation »...'
s = ''.join(ch for ch in s if category(ch)[0] != 'P')
print 'stripped', s

您也可以概括和剥离其他类型的字符:

''.join(ch for ch in s if category(ch)[0] not in 'SP')

它还会删除像~*+§$这样的字符,根据个人的观点,这些字符可能是也可能不是“标点符号”。

不一定更简单,而是一种不同的方式,如果你对 re 家族更熟悉的话。

import re, string
s = "string. With. Punctuation?" # Sample string 
out = re.sub('[%s]' % re.escape(string.punctuation), '', s)

对于 Python 3 str或 Python 2 unicode值, str.translate()只需要一个字典; 在该映射中查找代码点(整数),并删除映射到None任何内容。

要删除(一些?)标点符号,请使用:

import string

remove_punct_map = dict.fromkeys(map(ord, string.punctuation))
s.translate(remove_punct_map)

dict.fromkeys()类方法使得创建映射变得微不足道,根据键的顺序将所有值设置为None

要删除所有标点符号,而不仅仅是 ASCII 标点符号,您的表格需要更大一点; 参见JF Sebastian 的回答(Python 3 版本):

import unicodedata
import sys

remove_punct_map = dict.fromkeys(i for i in range(sys.maxunicode)
                                 if unicodedata.category(chr(i)).startswith('P'))

string.punctuation错过了现实世界中常用的大量标点符号。 适用于非 ASCII 标点符号的解决方案怎么样?

import regex
s = u"string. With. Some・Really Weird、Non?ASCII。 「(Punctuation)」?"
remove = regex.compile(ur'[\p{C}|\p{M}|\p{P}|\p{S}|\p{Z}]+', regex.UNICODE)
remove.sub(u" ", s).strip()

就个人而言,我认为这是从 Python 中的字符串中删除标点符号的最佳方法,因为:

  • 它删除了所有 Unicode 标点符号
  • 它很容易修改,例如,如果您想删除标点符号,您可以删除\\{S} ,但保留像$这样的符号。
  • 您可以非常具体地了解要保留的内容和要删除的内容,例如\\{Pd}只会删除破折号。
  • 这个正则表达式也规范了空格。 它将制表符、回车符和其他奇怪的东西映射到漂亮的单个空格。

这使用 Unicode 字符属性,您可以在 Wikipedia 上阅读更多相关信息

我还没有看到这个答案。 只需使用正则表达式; 它删除除单词字符 ( \\w ) 和数字字符 ( \\d ) 之外的所有字符,后跟空白字符 ( \\s ):

import re
s = "string. With. Punctuation?" # Sample string 
out = re.sub(ur'[^\w\d\s]+', '', s)

这是 Python 3.5 的单行代码:

import string
"l*ots! o(f. p@u)n[c}t]u[a'ti\"on#$^?/".translate(str.maketrans({a:None for a in string.punctuation}))

这可能不是最好的解决方案,但这就是我所做的。

import string
f = lambda x: ''.join([i for i in x if i not in string.punctuation])

这是我写的一个函数。 它不是很有效,但它很简单,您可以添加或删除您想要的任何标点符号:

def stripPunc(wordList):
    """Strips punctuation from list of words"""
    puncList = [".",";",":","!","?","/","\\",",","#","@","$","&",")","(","\""]
    for punc in puncList:
        for word in wordList:
            wordList=[word.replace(punc,'') for word in wordList]
    return wordList
import re
s = "string. With. Punctuation?" # Sample string 
out = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9\s]', '', s)

作为更新,我在 Python 3 中重写了 @Brian 示例并对其进行了更改,以将 regex 编译步骤移动到函数内部。 我的想法是为使函数工作所需的每一步计时。 也许您正在使用分布式计算并且不能在您的工作人员之间共享正则表达式对象,并且需要在每个工作人员处进行re.compile步骤。 另外,我很好奇为 Python 3 计时两种不同的 maketrans 实现

table = str.maketrans({key: None for key in string.punctuation})

对比

table = str.maketrans('', '', string.punctuation)

另外,我添加了另一种使用 set 的方法,在那里我利用交集函数来减少迭代次数。

这是完整的代码:

import re, string, timeit

s = "string. With. Punctuation"


def test_set(s):
    exclude = set(string.punctuation)
    return ''.join(ch for ch in s if ch not in exclude)


def test_set2(s):
    _punctuation = set(string.punctuation)
    for punct in set(s).intersection(_punctuation):
        s = s.replace(punct, ' ')
    return ' '.join(s.split())


def test_re(s):  # From Vinko's solution, with fix.
    regex = re.compile('[%s]' % re.escape(string.punctuation))
    return regex.sub('', s)


def test_trans(s):
    table = str.maketrans({key: None for key in string.punctuation})
    return s.translate(table)


def test_trans2(s):
    table = str.maketrans('', '', string.punctuation)
    return(s.translate(table))


def test_repl(s):  # From S.Lott's solution
    for c in string.punctuation:
        s=s.replace(c,"")
    return s


print("sets      :",timeit.Timer('f(s)', 'from __main__ import s,test_set as f').timeit(1000000))
print("sets2      :",timeit.Timer('f(s)', 'from __main__ import s,test_set2 as f').timeit(1000000))
print("regex     :",timeit.Timer('f(s)', 'from __main__ import s,test_re as f').timeit(1000000))
print("translate :",timeit.Timer('f(s)', 'from __main__ import s,test_trans as f').timeit(1000000))
print("translate2 :",timeit.Timer('f(s)', 'from __main__ import s,test_trans2 as f').timeit(1000000))
print("replace   :",timeit.Timer('f(s)', 'from __main__ import s,test_repl as f').timeit(1000000))

这是我的结果:

sets      : 3.1830138750374317
sets2      : 2.189873124472797
regex     : 7.142953420989215
translate : 4.243278483860195
translate2 : 2.427158243022859
replace   : 4.579746678471565

在不太严格的情况下,单行可能会有所帮助:

''.join([c for c in s if c.isalnum() or c.isspace()])
>>> s = "string. With. Punctuation?"
>>> s = re.sub(r'[^\w\s]','',s)
>>> re.split(r'\s*', s)


['string', 'With', 'Punctuation']

这是一个没有正则表达式的解决方案。

import string

input_text = "!where??and!!or$$then:)"
punctuation_replacer = string.maketrans(string.punctuation, ' '*len(string.punctuation))    
print ' '.join(input_text.translate(punctuation_replacer).split()).strip()

Output>> where and or then
  • 用空格替换标点符号
  • 用一个空格替换单词之间的多个空格
  • 使用 strip() 删除尾随空格(如果有)

为什么你们没人用这个?

 ''.join(filter(str.isalnum, s)) 

太慢了?

# FIRST METHOD
# Storing all punctuations in a variable    
punctuation='!?,.:;"\')(_-'
newstring ='' # Creating empty string
word = raw_input("Enter string: ")
for i in word:
     if(i not in punctuation):
                  newstring += i
print ("The string without punctuation is", newstring)

# SECOND METHOD
word = raw_input("Enter string: ")
punctuation = '!?,.:;"\')(_-'
newstring = word.translate(None, punctuation)
print ("The string without punctuation is",newstring)


# Output for both methods
Enter string: hello! welcome -to_python(programming.language)??,
The string without punctuation is: hello welcome topythonprogramminglanguage
with open('one.txt','r')as myFile:

    str1=myFile.read()

    print(str1)


    punctuation = ['(', ')', '?', ':', ';', ',', '.', '!', '/', '"', "'"] 

for i in punctuation:

        str1 = str1.replace(i," ") 
        myList=[]
        myList.extend(str1.split(" "))
print (str1) 
for i in myList:

    print(i,end='\n')
    print ("____________")

这是使用 RegEx 执行此操作的另一种简单方法

import re

punct = re.compile(r'(\w+)')

sentence = 'This ! is : a # sample $ sentence.' # Text with punctuation
tokenized = [m.group() for m in punct.finditer(sentence)]
sentence = ' '.join(tokenized)
print(sentence) 
'This is a sample sentence'

试试那个:)

regex.sub(r'\p{P}','', s)

我一直在寻找一个非常简单的解决方案。 这是我得到的:

import re 

s = "string. With. Punctuation?" 
s = re.sub(r'[\W\s]', ' ', s)

print(s)
'string  With  Punctuation '

显然我无法对选定的答案进行编辑,所以这里有一个适用于 Python 3 的更新。在进行非平凡转换时, translate方法仍然是最有效的选择。

归功于上面@Brian 最初的繁重工作。 并感谢@ddejohn 对改进原始测试的极好建议。

#!/usr/bin/env python3

"""Determination of most efficient way to remove punctuation in Python 3.

Results in Python 3.8.10 on my system using the default arguments:

set       : 51.897
regex     : 17.901
translate :  2.059
replace   : 13.209
"""

import argparse
import re
import string
import timeit

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("--filename", "-f", default=argparse.__file__)
parser.add_argument("--iterations", "-i", type=int, default=10000)
opts = parser.parse_args()
with open(opts.filename) as fp:
    s = fp.read()
exclude = set(string.punctuation)
table = str.maketrans("", "", string.punctuation)
regex = re.compile(f"[{re.escape(string.punctuation)}]")

def test_set(s):
    return "".join(ch for ch in s if ch not in exclude)

def test_regex(s):  # From Vinko's solution, with fix.
    return regex.sub("", s)

def test_translate(s):
    return s.translate(table)

def test_replace(s):  # From S.Lott's solution
    for c in string.punctuation:
        s = s.replace(c, "")
    return s

opts = dict(globals=globals(), number=opts.iterations)
solutions = "set", "regex", "translate", "replace"
for solution in solutions:
    elapsed = timeit.timeit(f"test_{solution}(s)", **opts)
    print(f"{solution:<10}: {elapsed:6.3f}")

考虑到Unicode。 代码在python3中检查。

from unicodedata import category
text = 'hi, how are you?'
text_without_punc = ''.join(ch for ch in text if not category(ch).startswith('P'))

你也可以这样做:

import string
' '.join(word.strip(string.punctuation) for word in 'text'.split())

这个问题没有很多细节,所以我采取的方法是提出一个对问题最简单解释的解决方案:去掉标点符号。

请注意,提出的解决方案不考虑收缩词(例如, you're )或带连字符的词(例如, anal-retentive )......关于它们是否应该或不应该被视为标点符号的争论......也不考虑非英语字符集或类似的东西……因为问题中没有提到这些细节。 有人认为空格是标点符号,这在技术上正确的......但对我来说,在手头问题的上下文中它是零意义的。

# using lambda
''.join(filter(lambda c: c not in string.punctuation, s))

# using list comprehension
''.join('' if c in string.punctuation else c for c in s)

当您处理 Unicode 字符串时,我建议使用PyPi regex模块,因为它支持 Unicode 属性类(如\\p{X} / \\P{X} )和 POSIX 字符类(如[:name:] )。

只需在终端中输入pip install regex (或pip3 install regex )安装包,然后按回车键。

如果您需要删除任何类型的标点符号和符号(即字母、数字和空格以外的任何内容),您可以使用

regex.sub(r'[\p{P}\p{S}]', '', text)  # to remove one by one
regex.sub(r'[\p{P}\p{S}]+', '', text) # to remove all consecutive punctuation/symbols with one go
regex.sub(r'[[:punct:]]+', '', text)  # Same with a POSIX character class

在线查看Python 演示

import regex

text = 'भारत India <><>^$.,,! 002'
new_text = regex.sub(r'[\p{P}\p{S}\s]+', ' ', text).lower().strip()
# OR
# new_text = regex.sub(r'[[:punct:]\s]+', ' ', text).lower().strip()

print(new_text)
# => भारत india 002

在这里,我在字符类中添加了一个空格\\s模式

对于严肃的自然语言处理 (NLP),您应该让像SpaCy这样的库通过标记化处理标点符号,然后您可以根据需要手动调整。

例如,您想如何处理单词中的连字符? 缩写等特殊情况? 开始和结束引号? 网址? 在 NLP 中,将“let's”之类的缩略词分离为“let”和“'s”以进行进一步处理通常很有用。

SpaCy 示例标记化

使用 Python 从文本文件中删除停用词

print('====THIS IS HOW TO REMOVE STOP WORS====')

with open('one.txt','r')as myFile:

    str1=myFile.read()

    stop_words ="not", "is", "it", "By","between","This","By","A","when","And","up","Then","was","by","It","If","can","an","he","This","or","And","a","i","it","am","at","on","in","of","to","is","so","too","my","the","and","but","are","very","here","even","from","them","then","than","this","that","though","be","But","these"

    myList=[]

    myList.extend(str1.split(" "))

    for i in myList:

        if i not in stop_words:

            print ("____________")

            print(i,end='\n')

这是将文档更改为大写或小写的方法。

print('@@@@This is lower case@@@@')

with open('students.txt','r')as myFile:

    str1=myFile.read()
    str1.lower()
print(str1.lower())

print('*****This is upper case****')

with open('students.txt','r')as myFile:

    str1=myFile.read()

    str1.upper()

print(str1.upper())

我喜欢使用这样的函数:

def scrub(abc):
    while abc[-1] is in list(string.punctuation):
        abc=abc[:-1]
    while abc[0] is in list(string.punctuation):
        abc=abc[1:]
    return abc

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