模拟系统类时 Mockito + PowerMock LinkageError

Question

我有这样的代码片段：

@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
@PrepareForTest({Thread.class})
public class AllMeasuresDataTest {

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
}

@Test
public void testGetMeasures() {
    AllMeasuresData measure = new AllMeasuresData();
    assertEquals(measure.getMeasures(), null);
    HashMap<String, Measure> map = new HashMap<String, Measure>();
    measure.setMeasures(map);
    assertEquals(measure.getMeasures(), map);
    measure.setMeasures(null);
    assertEquals(measure.getMeasures(), null);
}

@Test
public void testAllMeasuresData() throws IOException {
    ClassLoader loader = PowerMockito.mock(ClassLoader.class);
    Thread threadMock = PowerMockito.mock(Thread.class);
    Vector<URL> vec = new Vector<URL>();
    Mockito.when(loader.getResources("measure")).thenReturn(vec.elements());
    Mockito.when(threadMock.getContextClassLoader()).thenReturn(loader);
    PowerMockito.mockStatic(Thread.class);
    Mockito.when(Thread.currentThread()).thenReturn(threadMock);
        ...
    }
}

在运行此测试时，我得到：

java.lang.LinkageError: loader constraint violation: loader (instance of org/powermock/core/classloader/MockClassLoader) previously initiated loading for a different type with name "javax/management/MBeanServer"
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:791)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:634)
at org.powermock.core.classloader.MockClassLoader.loadUnmockedClass(MockClassLoader.java:201)
at org.powermock.core.classloader.MockClassLoader.loadModifiedClass(MockClassLoader.java:149)
at org.powermock.core.classloader.DeferSupportingClassLoader.loadClass(DeferSupportingClassLoader.java:67)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:356)
at org.codecover.instrumentation.java.measurement.ProtocolImpl.initializeMBean(ProtocolImpl.java:247)
at org.codecover.instrumentation.java.measurement.ProtocolImpl.<init>(ProtocolImpl.java:237)
at org.codecover.instrumentation.java.measurement.ProtocolImpl.getInstance(ProtocolImpl.java:185)
at measure.CodeCoverCoverageCounter$6ya5ud0ow79ijrr1dvjrp4nxx60qhxeua02ta2fzpmb1d.<clinit>(MeasureCalculatorsHolder.java:146)
at measure.MeasureCalculatorsHolder.<clinit>(MeasureCalculatorsHolder.java:17)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:188)
at javassist.runtime.Desc.getClassObject(Desc.java:43)
at javassist.runtime.Desc.getClassType(Desc.java:152)
at javassist.runtime.Desc.getType(Desc.java:122)
at javassist.runtime.Desc.getType(Desc.java:78)
at algorithm.AllMeasuresDataTest.testGetMeasures(AllMeasuresDataTest.java:26)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601)
at org.junit.internal.runners.TestMethod.invoke(TestMethod.java:66)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.runTestMethod(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:312)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie$2.run(MethodRoadie.java:86)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(MethodRoadie.java:94)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.executeTest(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:296)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit49RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit49MethodRunner.executeTestInSuper(PowerMockJUnit49RunnerDelegateImpl.java:116)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit49RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit49MethodRunner.executeTest(PowerMockJUnit49RunnerDelegateImpl.java:77)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$PowerMockJUnit44MethodRunner.runBeforesThenTestThenAfters(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:284)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.runTest(MethodRoadie.java:84)
at org.junit.internal.runners.MethodRoadie.run(MethodRoadie.java:49)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.invokeTestMethod(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:209)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.runMethods(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:148)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl$1.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:122)
at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runUnprotected(ClassRoadie.java:34)
at org.junit.internal.runners.ClassRoadie.runProtected(ClassRoadie.java:44)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.internal.impl.PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.run(PowerMockJUnit44RunnerDelegateImpl.java:120)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.run(JUnit4TestSuiteChunkerImpl.java:101)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.common.internal.impl.AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.run(AbstractCommonPowerMockRunner.java:53)
at org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner.run(PowerMockRunner.java:53)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.codecover.juniteclipse.runner.EclipseTestRunner.main(EclipseTestRunner.java:40)

你知道我怎样才能防止这种情况吗？ 我也许还有另一种方法来模拟这样一段代码：

ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
...
Enumeration<URL> resources = classLoader.getResources(path);

Answer 1

尝试将此注释添加到您的 Test 类：

@PowerMockIgnore("javax.management.*")

为我工作。

Answer 2

与此处接受的响应类似，我最终不得不排除所有与 SSL 相关的类：

@PowerMockIgnore({"javax.management.*", "org.apache.http.conn.ssl.*", "com.amazonaws.http.conn.ssl.*", "javax.net.ssl.*"})

将它添加到我的班级的顶部解决了错误。

Answer 3

类加载器冲突，使用这个： @PowerMockIgnore("javax.management.*")

让模拟类加载器不加载javax.*. 有用。

Answer 4

这可能是一个老话题，但我也遇到了这个问题。 事实证明，当 powermock 发现同一个包中有 2 个同名的类（通过不同的依赖项）时，某些 java 版本无法处理 powermockito。

任何高于 Java 7_25 的版本都会出现此错误。

Answer 5

在 PowerMock 1.7.0 中，可以将用户定义的全局配置添加到项目的类路径中。 电源模拟配置

org/powermock/extensions/configuration.properties

只需在属性文件中添加一行，例如：

powermock.global-ignore=javax.management.*

这将解决项目中所有测试类的错误。

Answer 6

为了模拟系统类，准备作为测试目标的类，而不是Thread.class 。 PowerMock 无法检测Thread.class因为它在 JVM 启动期间是必需的 - 早在 PowerMock 可以检测之前。

检测的工作方式是，一旦加载了一个类，就不能再对其进行检测。

请参阅PowerMock 维基。

Answer 7

根据您的个人设置，可能需要向@PowerMockIgnore添加更多方法。 我用 slf4j 偶然发现了这个，为了一起使用 PowerMock 和 slf4j，你需要

@PowerMockIgnore({ "com.sun.org.apache.xerces.*", "javax.xml.*", "org.xml.*", "javax.management.*", "org.w3c.dom.*" })