使用 msbuild 从解决方案发布一个 Web 项目

Question

我正在尝试将解决方案中的 Web 项目之一部署到服务器。 我在 TeamCity 上使用 msbuild，如下所示：

msbuild MySolution.sln /t:WebSite:Rebuild /p:DeployOnBuild=True /p:PublishProfile=Prod ...

但是，当我运行它时，msbuild 仍然尝试构建我的WebService项目，即使我的WebSite项目不依赖它（但它确实依赖于解决方案中的一个Services项目）。 如何只发布一个项目，也就是只发布WebSite ？

我也尝试使用构建项目文件

msbuild WebSite/WebSite.csproj /p:DeployOnBuild=True ...

但它随后抱怨它无法恢复软件包：

[07:47:17]WebSite\WebSite.csproj.teamcity: Build target: Build
[07:47:17][WebSite\WebSite.csproj.teamcity] RestorePackages
[07:47:17][RestorePackages] Exec
[07:47:17][Exec] C:\TeamCity\buildAgent\work\cab8a3d752df3a51\.nuget\NuGet.targets(90, 15): error MSB4064: The "LogStandardErrorAsError" parameter is not supported by the "Exec" task. Verify the parameter exists on the task, and it is a settable public instance property.
[07:47:17][Exec] C:\TeamCity\buildAgent\work\cab8a3d752df3a51\.nuget\NuGet.targets(89, 9): error MSB4063: The "Exec" task could not be initialized with its input parameters. 
[07:47:17][WebSite\WebSite.csproj.teamcity] Project WebSite\WebSite.csproj.teamcity failed.

当我禁用 NuGet 包还原时，CoreCompile (Csc) 失败并出现我从未听说过且不应该发生的错误：

[07:54:43]WebSite\WebSite.csproj.teamcity: Build target: Build (13s)
[07:54:55][WebSite\WebSite.csproj.teamcity] CoreCompile
[07:54:55][CoreCompile] Csc
[07:54:56][Csc] Areas\Api\Services\TripService.cs(19, 104): error CS0241: Default parameter specifiers are not permitted
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(11, 35): error CS1031: Type expected
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(11, 53): error CS1002: ; expected
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(16, 28): error CS1519: Invalid token '(' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(16, 37): error CS1519: Invalid token ',' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(17, 27): error CS1519: Invalid token '(' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(17, 32): error CS1519: Invalid token ')' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(23, 17): error CS1519: Invalid token 'for' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(23, 26): error CS1519: Invalid token '<=' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(23, 45): error CS1519: Invalid token '-' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(23, 51): error CS1519: Invalid token '++' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(24, 34): error CS0270: Array size cannot be specified in a variable declaration (try initializing with a 'new' expression)
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(24, 37): error CS1519: Invalid token '==' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(24, 51): error CS1519: Invalid token ')' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(24, 63): error CS1519: Invalid token '++' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(25, 41): error CS1519: Invalid token '>' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(25, 53): error CS1519: Invalid token ')' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(27, 36): error CS1519: Invalid token '=' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(27, 48): error CS1519: Invalid token ';' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(28, 36): error CS1519: Invalid token '=' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(29, 37): error CS1519: Invalid token '=' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(29, 48): error CS0270: Array size cannot be specified in a variable declaration (try initializing with a 'new' expression)
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(29, 50): error CS1519: Invalid token ';' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(30, 33): error CS1519: Invalid token '=' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(30, 44): error CS0270: Array size cannot be specified in a variable declaration (try initializing with a 'new' expression)
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(30, 50): error CS1519: Invalid token ';' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(32, 21): error CS0116: A namespace does not directly contain members such as fields or methods
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(35, 50): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(38, 21): error CS0116: A namespace does not directly contain members such as fields or methods
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(40, 50): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\StatisticsUtility.cs(42, 21): error CS1022: Type or namespace definition, or end-of-file expected
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(8, 59): error CS1031: Type expected
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(8, 80): error CS1002: ; expected
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(10, 55): error CS1519: Invalid token '(' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(10, 60): error CS1520: Class, struct, or interface method must have a return type
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(10, 82): error CS1002: ; expected
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(13, 23): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(15, 60): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(18, 23): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(20, 25): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(23, 28): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(26, 28): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(29, 24): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(29, 84): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(32, 28): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(35, 9): error CS1022: Type or namespace definition, or end-of-file expected
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(23, 26): error CS0101: The namespace '<global namespace>' already contains a definition for '?'
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(26, 26): error CS0101: The namespace '<global namespace>' already contains a definition for '?'
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(29, 22): error CS0101: The namespace '<global namespace>' already contains a definition for '?'
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(29, 83): error CS0101: The namespace '<global namespace>' already contains a definition for '?'
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\UrlHelperExtensions.cs(32, 26): error CS0101: The namespace '<global namespace>' already contains a definition for '?'
[07:54:56][Csc] Controllers\SessionController.cs(13, 51): error CS0241: Default parameter specifiers are not permitted
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(13, 44): error CS1031: Type expected
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(13, 72): error CS1041: Identifier expected, 'object' is a keyword
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(13, 91): error CS1002: ; expected
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(16, 38): error CS1519: Invalid token '=' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(16, 59): error CS1519: Invalid token ';' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(17, 64): error CS1519: Invalid token '=' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(17, 90): error CS1519: Invalid token ';' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(18, 32): error CS1519: Invalid token '=' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(18, 46): error CS1519: Invalid token ';' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(19, 33): error CS1519: Invalid token ';' in class, struct, or interface member declaration
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(22, 23): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(25, 37): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(32, 23): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(35, 37): error CS1518: Expected class, delegate, enum, interface, or struct
[07:54:56][Csc] Helpers\JsonNetResult.cs(40, 9): error CS1022: Type or namespace definition, or end-of-file expected
[07:54:56][Csc] Mailers\ITripMailer.cs(13, 132): error CS0241: Default parameter specifiers are not permitted
[07:54:56][Csc] Mailers\TripMailer.cs(54, 85): error CS0241: Default parameter specifiers are not permitted
[07:54:56][Csc] Services\Impl\AuthorizationService.cs(12, 70): error CS0241: Default parameter specifiers are not permitted
[07:54:56][Csc] Services\Impl\AuthorizationService.cs(43, 77): error CS0241: Default parameter specifiers are not permitted
[07:54:56][WebSite\WebSite.csproj.teamcity] Project WebSite\WebSite.csproj.teamcity failed.

Answer 1

几个月前，我在http://sedodream.com/2013/03/06/HowToPublishOneWebProjectFromASolution.aspx 上写了一篇关于这个的博客。 我也在这里复制了详细信息，请参见下文。

---

今天在 Twitter 上@nunofcosta 粗略地问了我一个问题“我如何从包含多个项目的解决方案中发布一个 Web 项目？”

他遇到的问题是他正在从命令行构建并将以下属性传递给 msbuild.exe。

/p:DeployOnBuild=true
/p:PublishProfile='siteone - Web Deploy'
/p:Password=%password%

您可以在http://sedodream.com/2013/01/06/CommandLineWebProjectPublishing.aspx阅读有关如何自动发布的更多信息。

当您将这些属性传递给 msbuild.exe 时，它​​们被称为全局属性。 这些属性很难覆盖，并且会传递给每个构建的项目。 因此，如果您有一个包含多个 Web 项目的解决方案，则在构建每个 Web 项目时，它会在同一组属性中传递。 因此，在构建每个项目时，该项目的发布过程将启动，并且会在文件夹 *Properties\\PublishProfiles* 中找到名为siteone – Web Deploy.pubxml的文件。 如果文件不存在，操作可能会失败。

注意：如果您有兴趣使用此技术进行编排发布，请在这样做之前在https://stackoverflow.com/a/14231729/105999 上查看我的评论。

那么我们如何解决这个问题呢？

让我们看一个示例（请参见下面的链接）。 我有一个解决方案PublishOnlyOne ，其中包含以下项目。

1. 项目A
2. 项目B

ProjA 有一个名为“ siteone – Web Deploy ”的发布配置文件，而 ProjB 没有。 尝试发布此内容时，您可以尝试以下命令行。

msbuild.exe PublishOnlyOne.sln /p:DeployOnBuild=true /p:PublishProfile=’siteone – Web Deploy’ /p:Password=%password%

请参阅示例中的 publish-sln.cmd。

如果你这样做，当 ProjB 构建它的时候会失败，因为没有该项目的站点 - Web 部署配置文件。 因此，我们无法通过 DeployOnBuild。 相反，这是我们需要做的。

1. 编辑 ProjA.csproj 以定义另一个属性，该属性将有条件地设置 DeployOnBuild
2. 从命令行传递该属性

我编辑了 ProjA 并在 .csproj 文件中的 Import 语句之前添加了以下属性组。

<PropertyGroup>
<DeployOnBuild Condition=" '$(DeployProjA)'!='' ">$(DeployProjA)</DeployOnBuild>
</PropertyGroup>

在这里，您可以看到 DeployOnBuild 设置为 DeployProjA 的任何值，只要它不为空即可。 现在修改后的命令是：

msbuild.exe PublishOnlyOne.sln /p:DeployProjA=true /p:PublishProfile=’siteone – Web Deploy’ /p:Password=%password%

在这里，我没有传递 DeployOnBuild，而是传递 DeployProjA，然后它将设置 DeployOnBuild。 由于 DeployOnBuild 未传递给 ProjB，因此它不会尝试发布。

您可以在https://github.com/sayedihashimi/sayed-samples/tree/master/PublishOnlyOne找到完整的示例。

Answer 2

对此有一个更简单的解决方案。 MSBuild 支持在构建解决方案时针对单个项目。 您可以通过将项目名称放在 Target 参数中来完成此操作。 请注意，这是您在解决方案中指定的项目的视觉名称（不一定与 .csproj 文件的名称相同）。

注意：这里唯一需要的“技巧”是将项目名称中的点 (.) 替换为下划线 (_) 。

示例 MSBuild 命令行，如果您的项目名称是“Your.Project.Name”：

msbuild.exe YourSolutionName.sln /T:"Your_Poject_Name" /P:DeployOnBuild=true /P:PublishProfile=YourPublishProfile.pubxml

您还可以为该项目指定一个构建目标，但该目标应该存在于解决方案中的所有项目中：

msbuild.exe YourSolutionName.sln /T:"Your_Poject_Name:Rebuild" /P:DeployOnBuild=true /P:PublishProfile=YourPublishProfile.pubxml

来源

1. 自 Visual Studio 2008 以来，这部分记录在 MSDN 中： https : //msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms164311(v=vs.140).aspx
2. 特别感谢 Vasil Trifonov 指出替换技巧： http : //www.codeproject.com/Articles/654910/How-to-build-a-specific-project-from-a-solution-wi

Answer 3

在需要手动自定义发布的情况下更好的另一个选项是使用IsPublishable MSBuild 属性（在此处找到它https://github.com/dotnet/docs/issues/13365 ）：

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>

    <IsPublishable>false</IsPublishable>
  </PropertyGroup>
...
</Project>

MSBuild 条件可用于根据不同的流程设置 IsPublishable 值，例如：

    <IsPublishable Condition="'$(TargetFramework.TrimEnd(`0123456789`))' == 'net'>false</IsPublishable>