[英]Windows Authentication not working on local IIS 7.5. Error 401.1
我最近遇到了一个令人讨厌的问题,让 Windows 身份验证在 IIS 7.5 (Windows 7 Pro) 的本地实例上运行到 ASP.net 4.0 站点。 我遵循了基本步骤。
IIS 身份验证
编辑 web.config
<authentication mode="Windows" />
这在启用 Windows 身份验证方面做得很好,但每次登录尝试都被拒绝并最终返回 401.1 错误。 这就是问题开始的地方。 这似乎有很多原因,这些原因在网络上都有很好的记录,包括在 Stack Overflow 上。
我试过:
但一切都无济于事,可怕的 401.1 仍然存在。
这真是一个“见树不见林”的案例。 我设法找到的所有解决方案(如果你愿意,可以称之为错误搜索参数的情况)对我有用,所以我认为值得发布这个问题,希望能提供一个明确的答案,让遇到同样问题的人更容易找到.
这里的问题是,现代版本的 Windows(Windows XP SP2、Windows Server 2003 SP1 及更高版本)包含一个环回检查安全功能,旨在帮助防止对您的计算机进行反射攻击。 因此,如果您使用的 FQDN 或自定义主机标头与本地计算机名称不匹配,则身份验证将失败。
这可以通过明确指定主机名或禁用环回检查来解决。 显然,前者是更受控制的方法。
有关如何执行此操作的完整详细信息,请参阅 MSDN: 896861
希望这可以帮助某人。 如果您有任何替代建议或改进,请添加。
我想添加 Michael Dark 的评论作为答案,因为我没有修改注册表的权限,所以 Pete 的答案对我不起作用,但我能够解决问题。
我通过向我的网站添加一个没有指定主机名和不同端口的新绑定来解决它(因为 localhost:80 用于我)。 一旦我尝试从http://localhost:86/mypage调用它,它就起作用了。 在浏览器中快速检查后,我用 cURL 测试了几次,它正确地接受并拒绝了我的凭据。
再次重新安装 IIS 功能并确保选中 WINDOWS auth 复选框状态。
这是我用来处理反向连接主机名和 IIS 的 PowerShell 代码。 请注意,只需做一些工作,就可以将命令行开关保存到模块中并以这种方式使用。
Import-Module WebAdministration
function Add-BackConnectionHostname
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Adds the back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check.
.DESCRIPTION
Adds the hostname to the list of back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check. Back connection host names
can be used to address the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861.
.EXAMPLE
Add-BackConnectionHostname mywebsite.mydomain.tld
.EXAMPLE
Add-BackConnectionHostname mywebsite1.mydomain.tld, mywebsite2.mydomain.tld
.PARAMETER Hostname
The Hostname to add to the back connection hostnames list.
.LINK
Remove-BackConnectionHostname
Get-BackConnectionHostname
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
param
(
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $Hostname
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\MSV1_0"
$propertyName = "BackConnectionHostnames"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
$propertyValues = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -eq $null)
{
$property = New-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value $null -PropertyType ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::MultiString) -ErrorAction Stop
Write-Verbose "Created the $($propertyName) property."
}
if ($property -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $property.$propertyName
}
}
}
process
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
foreach ($hostNameValue in $Hostname)
{
if ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($hostName) -eq $false -and $propertyValues -notcontains $hostNameValue)
{
$propertyValues += $hostNameValue
Write-Verbose "Added $($hostName) to the back connection hostnames."
}
else
{
Write-Verbose "Back connection host names already has an entry for $($hostName)."
}
}
}
}
end
{
if ($propertyValues -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $propertyValues | ?{ [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_) -eq $false } | Sort -Unique
Set-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value $propertyValues
}
}
}
function Remove-BackConnectionHostname
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Removes the hostname from the list of back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check.
.DESCRIPTION
Removes the hostname from the list of back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check.
.EXAMPLE
Remove-BackConnectionHostname mywebsite.mydomain.tld
.EXAMPLE
Remove-BackConnectionHostname mywebsite1.mydomain.tld, mywebsite2.mydomain.tld
.PARAMETER Hostname
The Hostname to remove from the back connection hostnames list.
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostname
Get-BackConnectionHostname
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
param
(
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $Hostname
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\MSV1_0"
$propertyName = "BackConnectionHostnames"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
$propertyValues = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $property.$propertyName
}
else
{
Write-Verbose "The $($propertyName) property was not found."
}
}
}
process
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
foreach ($hostNameValue in $Hostname)
{
if ($propertyValues -contains $hostNameValue)
{
$propertyValues = $propertyValues | ? { $_ -ne $hostName }
Write-Verbose "Removed $($hostName) from the $($propertyName) property."
}
else
{
Write-Verbose "No entry for $($hostName) was found in the $($propertyName) property."
}
}
}
}
end
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $propertyValues | ?{ [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_) -eq $false } | Sort -Unique
if ($propertyValues.Length -ne 0)
{
Set-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value $propertyValues
}
else
{
Remove-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName
Write-Verbose "No entries remain after removing $($hostName). The $($propertyName) property was removed."
}
}
}
}
function Get-BackConnectionHostname
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets the list of back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check.
.DESCRIPTION
Gets the back connection hostnames that will bypass the server loopback check. Back connection host names can be used to address
the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861.
.EXAMPLE
Get-BackConnectionHostname
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostname
Remove-BackConnectionHostname
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $false)]
param
(
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\MSV1_0"
$propertyName = "BackConnectionHostnames"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -eq $null)
{
Write-Verbose "The $($propertyName) property was not found."
}
}
}
process
{
$propertyValues = $null
if ($property -ne $null)
{
$propertyValues = $property.$propertyName
}
return $propertyValues
}
end
{
}
}
function Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Enables the server loopback check. Enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server.
.DESCRIPTION
Enables the server loopback check. Having the loopback check enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server. Disabling the loopback check can be used to address
the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861. It is NOT the preferred method. See the KB article for more details.
.EXAMPLE
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostname
Remove-BackConnectionHostname
Get-BackConnectionHostname
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
param
(
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa"
$propertyName = "DisableLoopbackCheck"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -eq $null)
{
Write-Verbose "The $($propertyName) property was not found."
}
}
}
process
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
Set-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value 0
}
}
end
{
}
}
function Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Disables the server loopback check for all hostnames. Enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server.
.DESCRIPTION
Disables the server loopback check for all hostnames. Having the loopback check enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server. Disabling the loopback check can be used
to address the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861. It is NOT the preferred method. See the KB article for more details.
.EXAMPLE
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostname
Remove-BackConnectionHostname
Get-BackConnectionHostname
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true)]
param
(
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa"
$propertyName = "DisableLoopbackCheck"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if ($property -eq $null)
{
Write-Verbose "The $($propertyName) property was not found."
}
}
}
process
{
if ($property -ne $null)
{
Set-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -Value 1
}
else
{
$property = New-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -PropertyType ([Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::DWord) -Value 1
}
}
end
{
}
}
function Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets the status of the server loopback check. Enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server.
.DESCRIPTION
Gets the status of the server loopback check. Having the loopback check enabled is the normal state for a Windows Server. Disabling the loopback check can be used
to address the problem with IIS sites using Windows Authentication that is described in Microsoft KB896861. It is NOT the preferred method. See the KB article for
more details.
.EXAMPLE
Get-ServerLoopbackCheck
.LINK
Add-BackConnectionHostname
Remove-BackConnectionHostname
Get-BackConnectionHostname
Enable-ServerLoopbackCheck
Disable-ServerLoopbackCheck
"You receive error 401.1 when you browse a Web site that uses Integrated Authentication and is hosted on IIS 5.1 or a later version" (http://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/896861)
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $false)]
param
(
)
begin
{
$keyPath = "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa"
$propertyName = "DisableLoopbackCheck"
$key = Get-Item $keyPath
$property = $null
if ($key -ne $null)
{
$property = Get-ItemProperty $keyPath -Name $propertyName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
}
}
process
{
$loopbackCheckStatus = "Enabled"
if ($property -ne $null)
{
switch ($property)
{
0 { $loopbackCheckStatus = "Enabled" }
1 { $loopbackCheckStatus = "Disabled" }
default { $loopbackCheckStatus = "Unknown" }
}
}
return $loopbackCheckStatus
}
end
{
}
}
function Get-WebsiteHostname
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets the hostnames for the IP addresses bound to a web site.
.DESCRIPTION
Gets the hostnames for the IP addresses bound to a web site. Where a host header exists, the host header is used; otherwise, the IP address is looked up
in DNS to see if a PTR record exists.
.EXAMPLE
Get-WebSiteHostname $webSite
.EXAMPLE
Get-WebSiteHostname -Name 'Default Web Site'
.EXAMPLE
Get-Website | Get-WebSiteHostname
.LINK
Get-Website
#>
[CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $false)]
param
(
[Parameter(ValueFromPipeline = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $Name
)
process
{
$siteHostnames = @()
foreach ($webSiteName in $Name)
{
$bindings = Get-WebBinding -Name $Name
foreach ($binding in $bindings)
{
$bindingInfo = $binding.bindingInformation.Split(':')
$hostHeader = $bindingInfo[2]
$bindingInfoAddress = $null
$isValidIP = [System.Net.IPAddress]::TryParse($bindingInfo[0], [ref] $bindingInfoAddress)
$siteHostname = $null
if ($bindingInfo -eq '*')
{
Write-Warning "The $($webSiteName) web site has a binding address set to All Unassigned."
}
elseif ([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($hostHeader) -eq $false)
{
$siteHostname = $hostHeader
Write-Verbose "The $($webSiteName) web site has a host header set to $($siteHostname)."
}
elseif ($isValidIP -eq $true)
{
$siteHostname = (Resolve-DnsName $bindingInfoAddress -DnsOnly PTR -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).NameHost
if ($siteHostname -ne $null)
{
Write-Verbose "The $($webSiteName) web site has an IP Address $($bindingInfoAddress) that resolves to $($siteHostname)."
}
else
{
Write-Warning "The $($webSiteName) web site has an IP Address $($bindingInfoAddress) with no PTR record."
}
}
}
if ($siteHostname -ne $null)
{
$siteHostnames += $siteHostname
}
}
return $siteHostnames | Sort -Unique
}
}
Get-Website | ?{ (Get-WebConfiguration -Filter '/system.web/authentication' -PSPath $_.PSPath).mode -eq 'Windows' } | Get-WebsiteHostname | Add-BackConnectionHostname
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