繁体   English   中英

数据访问后在C#中关闭Excel应用进程

[英]Closing Excel Application Process in C# after Data Access

我正在 C# 中编写一个应用程序,该应用程序打开一个 Excel 模板文件以进行读/写操作。 我想当用户关闭应用程序时,excel 应用程序进程已经关闭,而不保存 excel 文件。 多次运行应用程序后查看我的任务管理器。

在此处输入图像描述

我使用此代码打开 excel 文件:

public Excel.Application excelApp = new Excel.Application();
public Excel.Workbook excelBook;
excelBook = excelApp.Workbooks.Add(@"C:/pape.xltx");

对于数据访问,我使用以下代码:

Excel.Worksheet excelSheet = (Worksheet)(excelBook.Worksheets[1]);
excelSheet.DisplayRightToLeft = true;
Range rng;
rng = excelSheet.get_Range("C2");
rng.Value2 = txtName.Text;

我在 stackoverflow 中看到类似的问题,例如this questionthis ,并测试答案,但它不起作用。

试试这个:

excelBook.Close(0); 
excelApp.Quit();

关闭工作簿时,您有三个可选参数:

Workbook.close SaveChanges, filename, routeworkbook 

Workbook.Close(false)或者如果您正在进行后期绑定,有时使用零Workbook.Close(0)会更容易,这就是我在自动关闭工作簿时所做的。

我也去查找了它的文档,并在这里找到了它: Excel Workbook Close

谢谢,

xlBook.Save();
xlBook.Close(true);
xlApp.Quit();
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlApp);

试试这个……它对我有用……你应该释放那个 xl 应用程序对象来停止这个过程。

参考: https : //stackoverflow.com/a/17367570/132599

避免使用双点调用表达式,例如:

 var workbook = excel.Workbooks.Open(/*params*/)

...因为通过这种方式,您不仅可以为工作簿创建 RCW 对象,还可以为工作簿创建 RCW 对象,并且您也应该释放它(如果不维护对对象的引用,这是不可能的)。

这为我解决了这个问题。 您的代码变为:

public Excel.Application excelApp = new Excel.Application();
public Excel.Workbooks workbooks;
public Excel.Workbook excelBook;
workbooks = excelApp.Workbooks;
excelBook = workbooks.Add(@"C:/pape.xltx");

...

Excel.Sheets sheets = excelBook.Worksheets;
Excel.Worksheet excelSheet = (Worksheet)(sheets[1]);
excelSheet.DisplayRightToLeft = true;
Range rng;
rng = excelSheet.get_Range("C2");
rng.Value2 = txtName.Text;

然后释放所有这些对象:

System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(rng);
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excelSheet);
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(sheets);
excelBook .Save();
excelBook .Close(true);
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlBook);
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workbooks);
excelApp.Quit();
System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlApp);

我将其包装在try {} finally {}以确保即使出现问题(可能出现什么问题?)

public Excel.Application excelApp = null;
public Excel.Workbooks workbooks = null;
...
try
{
    excelApp = new Excel.Application();
    workbooks = excelApp.Workbooks;
    ...
}
finally
{
    ...
    if (workbooks != null) System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(workbooks);
    excelApp.Quit();
    System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlApp);
}

想到这一点,它杀死了进程:

System.Diagnostics.Process[] process=System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessesByName("Excel");
foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process p in process)
{
    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(p.ProcessName))
    {
        try
        {
            p.Kill();
        }
        catch { }
    }
}

另外,您是否尝试过正常关闭它?

myWorkbook.SaveAs(@"C:/pape.xltx", missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing);
excelBook.Close(null, null, null);                 // close your workbook
excelApp.Quit();                                   // exit excel application
excel = null;                                      // set to NULL

杀死 Excel 并不总是那么容易。 请参阅这篇文章:杀死 Excel 的 50 种方法

本文采纳了 Microsoft( MS Knowledge Base 文章)关于如何让 Excel 很好地退出的最佳建议,但如果有必要,还会通过终止进程来确保它。 我喜欢有第二个降落伞。

确保关闭所有打开的工作簿,退出应用程序并释放 xlApp 对象。 最后检查进程是否还活着,如果是,则杀死它。

本文还确保我们不会终止所有 Excel 进程,而只会终止已启动的确切进程。

另请参阅从窗口句柄获取进程

这是我使用的代码:(每次都有效)

Sub UsingExcel()

    'declare process; will be used later to attach the Excel process
    Dim XLProc As Process

    'call the sub that will do some work with Excel
    'calling Excel in a separate routine will ensure that it is 
    'out of scope when calling GC.Collect
    'this works better especially in debug mode
    DoOfficeWork(XLProc)

    'Do garbage collection to release the COM pointers
    'http://support.microsoft.com/kb/317109
    GC.Collect()
    GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers()

    'I prefer to have two parachutes when dealing with the Excel process
    'this is the last answer if garbage collection were to fail
    If Not XLProc Is Nothing AndAlso Not XLProc.HasExited Then
        XLProc.Kill()
    End If

End Sub

'http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633522%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
<System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError:=True)> _
    Private Shared Function GetWindowThreadProcessId(ByVal hWnd As IntPtr, _
    ByRef lpdwProcessId As Integer) As Integer
End Function

Private Sub ExcelWork(ByRef XLProc As Process)

    'start the application using late binding
    Dim xlApp As Object = CreateObject("Excel.Application")

    'or use early binding
    'Dim xlApp As Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel

    'get the window handle
    Dim xlHWND As Integer = xlApp.hwnd

    'this will have the process ID after call to GetWindowThreadProcessId
    Dim ProcIdXL As Integer = 0

    'get the process ID
    GetWindowThreadProcessId(xlHWND, ProcIdXL)

    'get the process
    XLProc = Process.GetProcessById(ProcIdXL)


    'do some work with Excel here using xlApp

    'be sure to save and close all workbooks when done

    'release all objects used (except xlApp) using NAR(x)


    'Quit Excel 
    xlApp.quit()

    'Release
    NAR(xlApp)

End Sub

Private Sub NAR(ByVal o As Object)
    'http://support.microsoft.com/kb/317109
    Try
        While (System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(o) > 0)
        End While
    Catch
    Finally
        o = Nothing
    End Try
End Sub

我遇到了同样的问题并尝试了很多方法来解决它,但没有用。 最后,我找到了我的方式。 一些参考在这里输入链接描述

希望我的代码可以帮助未来的人。 我已经花了两天多的时间来解决它。 下面是我的代码:

//get current in useing excel
            Process[] excelProcsOld = Process.GetProcessesByName("EXCEL");
            Excel.Application myExcelApp = null;
            Excel.Workbooks excelWorkbookTemplate = null;
            Excel.Workbook excelWorkbook = null;
try{
    //DO sth using myExcelApp , excelWorkbookTemplate, excelWorkbook
}
catch (Exception ex ){
}
finally
            {
                //Compare the EXCEL ID and Kill it 
                Process[] excelProcsNew = Process.GetProcessesByName("EXCEL");
                foreach (Process procNew in excelProcsNew)
                {
                    int exist = 0;
                    foreach (Process procOld in excelProcsOld)
                    {
                        if (procNew.Id == procOld.Id)
                        {
                            exist++;
                        }
                    }
                    if (exist == 0)
                    {
                        procNew.Kill();
                    }        
                }
            }

excelBook.Close(); excelApp.退出(); 添加代码的末尾,就足够了。 它正在处理我的代码

关闭所有excel进程的正确方法

var _excel = new Application();
foreach (Workbook _workbook in _excel.Workbooks) {
    _workbook.Close(0);
}

_excel.Quit();
_excel = null;

使用流程示例,这可能会关闭所有 excel 流程。

var process = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessesByName("Excel");
foreach (var p in process) {
    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(p.ProcessName)) {
        try {
            p.Kill();
        } catch { }
    }
}

您可以使用自己的COM对象 excel pid 终止进程

在 dll 导入代码下方添加某处

[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern int GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hwnd, ref int lpdwProcessId);

并使用

 if (excelApp != null)
            {
                int excelProcessId = -1;
                GetWindowThreadProcessId(new IntPtr(excelApp.Hwnd), ref excelProcessId);

                Process ExcelProc = Process.GetProcessById(excelProcessId);
                if (ExcelProc != null)
                {
                    ExcelProc.Kill();
                }
            }

我发现在While循环中使用Marshal.ReleaseComObject并以Garbage Collection结束很重要。

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    Excel.Application xApp = new Excel.Application();
    Excel.Workbooks xWbs = xApp.Workbooks;
    Excel.Workbook xWb = xWbs.Open("file.xlsx");

    Console.WriteLine(xWb.Sheets.Count);

    xWb.Close();
    xApp.Quit();

    while (Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xWb) != 0);
    while (Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xWbs) != 0);
    while (Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xApp) != 0);

    GC.Collect();
    GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
}
         wb.Close();
         app.Quit();

         System.Diagnostics.Process[] process = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessesByName("Excel");
         foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process p in process)
         {
             if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(p.ProcessName) && p.StartTime.AddSeconds(+10) > DateTime.Now)
             {
                 try
                 {
                     p.Kill();
                 }
                 catch { }
             }
         }

它关闭最后 10 秒的进程,名称为“Excel”

基于另一个解决方案。 我用过这个:

IntPtr xAsIntPtr = new IntPtr(excelObj.Application.Hwnd);
excelObj.ActiveWorkbook.Close();

System.Diagnostics.Process[] process = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessesByName("Excel");
                foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process p in process)
                {
                    if (p.MainWindowHandle == xAsIntPtr)
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            p.Kill();
                        }
                        catch { }
                    }
                }

使用“MainWindowHandle”来识别进程并关闭他。

excelObj:这是我的应用程序互操作 excel objecto

为每个 Excel 对象使用一个变量,并且必须循环Marshal.ReleaseComObject >0 没有循环,Excel 进程仍然保持活动状态。

public class test{
        private dynamic ExcelObject;
        protected dynamic ExcelBook;
        protected dynamic ExcelBooks;
        protected dynamic ExcelSheet;

public void LoadExcel(string FileName)
        {
            Type t = Type.GetTypeFromProgID("Excel.Application");
            if (t == null) throw new Exception("Excel non installato");
            ExcelObject = System.Activator.CreateInstance(t);
            ExcelObject.Visible = false;
            ExcelObject.DisplayAlerts = false;
            ExcelObject.AskToUpdateLinks = false;
            ExcelBooks = ExcelObject.Workbooks;
            ExcelBook = ExcelBooks.Open(FileName,0,true);
            System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.GetActiveObject("Excel.Application");
            ExcelSheet = ExcelBook.Sheets[1];
        }
 private void ReleaseObj(object obj)
        {
            try
            {
                int i = 0;
             while(   System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(obj) > 0)
                {
                    i++;
                    if (i > 1000) break;
                }
                obj = null;
            }
            catch 
            {
                obj = null;
            }
            finally
            {
                GC.Collect();
            }
        }
        public void ChiudiExcel() {
            System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = ci;

            ReleaseObj(ExcelSheet);
            try { ExcelBook.Close(); } catch { }
            try { ExcelBooks.Close(); } catch { }
            ReleaseObj(ExcelBooks);
            try { ExcelObject.Quit(); } catch { }
            ReleaseObj(ExcelObject);
        }
}

我们可以在使用以下代码将 xls 转换为 xlsx 的同时关闭 Excel 应用程序。 当我们执行此类任务时,Excel 应用程序正在任务管理器中运行,我们应该关闭这个在后台运行的 excel。 Interop是一个Com组件,我们使用Marshal.FinalReleaseComObject来释放com组件。

 private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {

        Excel03to07("D:\\TestExls\\TestExcelApp.XLS");

    }
    private void Excel03to07(string fileName)
    {
        string svfileName = Path.ChangeExtension(fileName, ".xlsx");
        object oMissing = Type.Missing;
        var app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
        var wb = app.Workbooks.Open(fileName, oMissing, oMissing,
                        oMissing, oMissing, oMissing, oMissing, oMissing, oMissing, oMissing, oMissing, oMissing, oMissing, oMissing, oMissing);
        wb.SaveAs(svfileName, XlFileFormat.xlOpenXMLWorkbook, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);

        wb.Close(false, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
        app.Quit();
        GC.Collect();
        Marshal.FinalReleaseComObject(wb);
        Marshal.FinalReleaseComObject(app);
   }

大多数方法都有效,但 excel 过程始终保持到关闭应用程序。

当杀死 excel 进程时,它无法在同一线程中再次执行 - 不知道为什么。

workbook.Close(0);
excelApp.Quit();

为我工作。

此问题的另一个解决方案是保存您正在使用的 Excel 程序的 ProcessID。 然后,当您完成该程序时,您可以专门终止该 Excel 进程,而无需针对其他 excel 进程。

我从这个答案中得到了解决方案。 以为我会在这里分享

首先,在类方法之外添加这些代码行

// The DllImport requires -- Using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
private static extern int GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hwnd, ref int lpdwProcessId);

之后,

现在以您选择的方法添加这些行。 这些行丢弃了您正在使用的特定 excel 流程

根据您的需要修改它们,但逻辑是相同的

        if (ExcelApp != null)
        {
            int excelProcessId = 0;

            //your Excel Application variable has access to its Hwnd property
            GetWindowThreadProcessId(new IntPtr(ExcelApp.Hwnd), ref excelProcessId);

            // you need System.Diagnostics to use Process Class
            Process ExcelProc = Process.GetProcessById(excelProcessId);

            if (ExcelProc != null)
            {
                ExcelProc.Kill();
            }
        }

因此,您的程序总共应该是这样的

class Program
{
    [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern int GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hwnd, ref int lpdwProcessId);

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Application ExcelApp = new Application();

        _Workbook ExcelWrkBook = ExcelApp.Workbooks.Open(filePath);

        _Worksheet ExcelWrkSht = ExcelWrkBook.ActiveSheet;

        ExcelWrkSht.Cells[1, 2] = "70";

        if (ExcelApp != null)
        {
            int excelProcessId = 0; // simple declare, zero is merely a place holder

            GetWindowThreadProcessId(new IntPtr(ExcelApp.Hwnd), ref excelProcessId);

            Process ExcelProc = Process.GetProcessById(excelProcessId);

            if (ExcelProc != null)
            {
                ExcelProc.Kill();
            }
        }

    }
}

我已经对此进行了测试,它删除了我的 Excel 进程,如任务管理器中所示

using System;
using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;

private Excel.Worksheet excelSheet;
private Excel.Workbook wb;
private Excel.Application excel;
public void Close()
{
    wb.Close(true);
    excel.Quit();
    System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excel);
    System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(wb);
    if(excelSheet!=null)
       System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(excelSheet);
    GC.Collect();
}

关闭应用程序和工作簿后调用 GC collect 强制进行垃圾回收。

        GetWindowThreadProcessId((IntPtr)app.Hwnd, out iProcessId);
        wb.Close(true,Missing.Value,Missing.Value);
        app.Quit();
        System.Diagnostics.Process[] process = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessesByName("Excel");
        foreach (System.Diagnostics.Process p in process)
        {
            if (p.Id == iProcessId)
            {
                try
                {
                    p.Kill();
                }
                catch { }
            }
        }
}
[DllImport("user32.dll")]

private static extern uint GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hWnd, out uint lpdwProcessId);

uint iProcessId = 0;

这个 GetWindowThreadProcessId 找到了正确的进程 Id o excel.... 杀死它后......享受它!

private void releaseObject(object obj)
{
    try
    {
        System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(obj);
        obj = null;
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        obj = null;
        MessageBox.Show("Unable to release the Object " + ex.ToString());
    }
    finally
    {
        GC.Collect();
    }
}

暂无
暂无

声明:本站的技术帖子网页,遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议,如果您需要转载,请注明本站网址或者原文地址。任何问题请咨询:yoyou2525@163.com.

 
粤ICP备18138465号  © 2020-2024 STACKOOM.COM