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[英]How to create a valid, self-signed X509Certificate2 programmatically, not loading from file in .NET Core
[英]How to create self-signed certificate programmatically for WCF service?
我有一个自托管 WCF 服务器作为本地系统帐户下的 Windows 服务运行。 我正在尝试在 c# 中以编程方式创建自签名证书,以便与使用消息级别安全性的 net.tcp 端点一起使用。
我正在使用以下代码,该代码非常接近于如何使用 C# 创建自签名证书中接受的答案? 有一些小的改变试图解决我的问题。
public static X509Certificate2 CreateSelfSignedCertificate(string subjectName, TimeSpan expirationLength)
{
// create DN for subject and issuer
var dn = new CX500DistinguishedName();
dn.Encode("CN=" + subjectName, X500NameFlags.XCN_CERT_NAME_STR_NONE);
CX509PrivateKey privateKey = new CX509PrivateKey();
privateKey.ProviderName = "Microsoft Strong Cryptographic Provider";
privateKey.Length = 1024;
privateKey.KeySpec = X509KeySpec.XCN_AT_KEYEXCHANGE;
privateKey.KeyUsage = X509PrivateKeyUsageFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_DECRYPT_FLAG | X509PrivateKeyUsageFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_KEY_AGREEMENT_FLAG;
privateKey.MachineContext = true;
privateKey.ExportPolicy = X509PrivateKeyExportFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_EXPORT_FLAG;
privateKey.Create();
// Use the stronger SHA512 hashing algorithm
var hashobj = new CObjectId();
hashobj.InitializeFromAlgorithmName(ObjectIdGroupId.XCN_CRYPT_HASH_ALG_OID_GROUP_ID,
ObjectIdPublicKeyFlags.XCN_CRYPT_OID_INFO_PUBKEY_ANY,
AlgorithmFlags.AlgorithmFlagsNone, "SHA1");
// Create the self signing request
var cert = new CX509CertificateRequestCertificate();
cert.InitializeFromPrivateKey(X509CertificateEnrollmentContext.ContextMachine, privateKey, "");
cert.Subject = dn;
cert.Issuer = dn; // the issuer and the subject are the same
cert.NotBefore = DateTime.Now.Date;
// this cert expires immediately. Change to whatever makes sense for you
cert.NotAfter = cert.NotBefore + expirationLength;
//cert.X509Extensions.Add((CX509Extension)eku); // add the EKU
cert.HashAlgorithm = hashobj; // Specify the hashing algorithm
cert.Encode(); // encode the certificate
// Do the final enrollment process
var enroll = new CX509Enrollment();
enroll.InitializeFromRequest(cert); // load the certificate
enroll.CertificateFriendlyName = subjectName; // Optional: add a friendly name
string csr = enroll.CreateRequest(); // Output the request in base64
// and install it back as the response
enroll.InstallResponse(InstallResponseRestrictionFlags.AllowUntrustedCertificate,
csr, EncodingType.XCN_CRYPT_STRING_BASE64, ""); // no password
// output a base64 encoded PKCS#12 so we can import it back to the .Net security classes
var base64encoded = enroll.CreatePFX("", // no password, this is for internal consumption
PFXExportOptions.PFXExportChainWithRoot);
// instantiate the target class with the PKCS#12 data (and the empty password)
return new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2(
System.Convert.FromBase64String(base64encoded), "",
// mark the private key as exportable (this is usually what you want to do)
// mark private key to go into the Machine store instead of the current users store
X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable | X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet
);
}
我用这个代码存储它:
X509Store store = new X509Store(storeName, StoreLocation.LocalMachine);
store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
store.Add(newCert);
store.Close();
这将创建证书并将其放入 LocalMachine 证书存储区。 问题是,当我尝试启动 WCF 服务时,出现以下异常:
证书“CN=myCertificate”可能没有能够进行密钥交换的私钥,或者进程可能没有私钥的访问权限。 详情请参阅内部异常。 内部异常:密钥集不存在
我的证书的 FindPrivateKey 示例 ( http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa717039%28v=vs.100%29.aspx ) 的输出是:
Private key directory:
C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys
Private key file name:
f0d47c7826b8ef5148b6d412f1c40024_4a8a026f-58e4-40f7-b779-3ae9b6aae1a7
我可以在资源管理器中看到这个 1.43KB 的文件。 如果我查看属性|安全性,我会看到 SYSTEM 和 Administrators 都具有完全控制权。
在研究这个错误时,我看到了很多关于私钥丢失或权限不正确的答案。 我看不出是什么问题。
真正奇怪的是,如果我使用 mmc 证书插件,转到证书并选择所有任务|管理私钥...我看到相同的安全设置。 查看此内容后,即使我只是打开对话框并点击取消按钮,证书现在也可以在 WCF 中正常工作。 我可以简单地重新启动服务,一切运行完美。
如果我使用 MakeCert 创建证书,它从一开始就可以正常工作。 我不知道它的作用有什么不同。
另一条可能不相关的信息是,证书不仅会放在我告诉它放在的“我的商店”中,而且还会放在“中间证书颁发机构”商店中。 我不知道为什么或者这是否重要。
所以......任何想法我做错了什么?
更新:嗯,这不仅仅是 WCF 问题。 当我尝试使用证书绑定到带有 http.sys 的端点时,我基本上遇到了同样的问题,使用HttpSetServiceConfiguration 。 该方法返回 1312 -“指定的登录会话不存在。它可能已被终止”。 这实际上并不是真正的错误。 我在安全事件日志中看到了一个审计失败,它说:
Cryptographic Parameters:
Provider Name: Microsoft Software Key Storage Provider
Algorithm Name: Not Available.
Key Name: {A23712D0-9A7B-4377-89DB-B1B39E3DA8B5}
Key Type: Machine key.
Cryptographic Operation:
Operation: Open Key.
Return Code: 0x80090011
0x80090011 是找不到对象。 所以这似乎是同样的问题。 同样,在我打开证书的“管理私钥”对话框后,这也完美无缺。
我仍在寻找问题的原因。
更新#2:我能够使用下面接受的答案来完成这项工作。 有趣的是,这段代码现在似乎没有调用 X509Store 代码就将证书放在 Machine 存储中。 我仍然调用代码,因为我不确定并且它不会伤害任何东西。 这是我用来创建证书的最终代码。
static public X509Certificate2 CreateSelfSignedCertificate(string subjectName, TimeSpan expirationLength)
{
// create DN for subject and issuer
var dn = new CX500DistinguishedName();
dn.Encode("CN=" + subjectName, X500NameFlags.XCN_CERT_NAME_STR_NONE);
CX509PrivateKey privateKey = new CX509PrivateKey();
privateKey.ProviderName = "Microsoft Strong Cryptographic Provider";
privateKey.Length = 2048;
privateKey.KeySpec = X509KeySpec.XCN_AT_KEYEXCHANGE;
privateKey.KeyUsage = X509PrivateKeyUsageFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_DECRYPT_FLAG | X509PrivateKeyUsageFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_KEY_AGREEMENT_FLAG;
privateKey.MachineContext = true;
privateKey.ExportPolicy = X509PrivateKeyExportFlags.XCN_NCRYPT_ALLOW_PLAINTEXT_EXPORT_FLAG;
privateKey.Create();
// Use the stronger SHA512 hashing algorithm
var hashobj = new CObjectId();
hashobj.InitializeFromAlgorithmName(ObjectIdGroupId.XCN_CRYPT_HASH_ALG_OID_GROUP_ID,
ObjectIdPublicKeyFlags.XCN_CRYPT_OID_INFO_PUBKEY_ANY,
AlgorithmFlags.AlgorithmFlagsNone, "SHA512");
// Create the self signing request
var cert = new CX509CertificateRequestCertificate();
cert.InitializeFromPrivateKey(X509CertificateEnrollmentContext.ContextMachine, privateKey, "");
cert.Subject = dn;
cert.Issuer = dn; // the issuer and the subject are the same
cert.NotBefore = DateTime.Now.Date;
// this cert expires immediately. Change to whatever makes sense for you
cert.NotAfter = cert.NotBefore + expirationLength;
cert.HashAlgorithm = hashobj; // Specify the hashing algorithm
cert.Encode(); // encode the certificate
// Do the final enrollment process
var enroll = new CX509Enrollment();
enroll.InitializeFromRequest(cert); // load the certificate
enroll.CertificateFriendlyName = subjectName; // Optional: add a friendly name
string csr = enroll.CreateRequest(); // Output the request in base64
// and install it back as the response
enroll.InstallResponse(InstallResponseRestrictionFlags.AllowUntrustedCertificate,
csr, EncodingType.XCN_CRYPT_STRING_BASE64, ""); // no password
// output a base64 encoded PKCS#12 so we can import it back to the .Net security classes
var base64encoded = enroll.CreatePFX("", // no password, this is for internal consumption
PFXExportOptions.PFXExportChainWithRoot);
// instantiate the target class with the PKCS#12 data (and the empty password)
return new System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2(
System.Convert.FromBase64String(base64encoded), "",
// mark the private key as exportable (this is usually what you want to do)
// mark private key to go into the Machine store instead of the current users store
X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable | X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet
);
}
我无法完成这项工作,但我找到了替代解决方案。 (2014 年 12 月更新:我现在已经使用接受的答案让它工作了。)
我能够使用PluralSight.Crypto 库来实现我所需要的。 我不得不稍微修改源代码以获取要存储在 LocalMachine 存储中的私钥。 我所做的更改是对文件 CryptContext.cs 进行的。 我更改了 CreateSelfSignedCertificate 方法。 以下是一段代码,包括我所做的更改。 本质上,如果 CryptContext 对象在其标志中包含此值,我将 CryptKeyProviderInformation 结构的标志成员设置为 0x20 (CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET)。
byte[] asnName = properties.Name.RawData;
GCHandle asnNameHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(asnName, GCHandleType.Pinned);
int flags = 0; // New code
if ((this.Flags & 0x20) == 0x20) // New code
flags = 0x20; // New code
var kpi = new Win32Native.CryptKeyProviderInformation
{
ContainerName = this.ContainerName,
KeySpec = (int)KeyType.Exchange,
ProviderType = 1, // default RSA Full provider
Flags = flags // New code
};
然后我在自己的代码中使用该函数,如下所示:
using (Pluralsight.Crypto.CryptContext ctx = new Pluralsight.Crypto.CryptContext()) {
ctx.Flags = 0x8 | 0x20;
ctx.Open();
X509Certificate2 cert = ctx.CreateSelfSignedCertificate(
new Pluralsight.Crypto.SelfSignedCertProperties
{
IsPrivateKeyExportable = true,
KeyBitLength = 4096,
Name = new X500DistinguishedName("CN=" + subjectName),
ValidFrom = DateTime.Today,
ValidTo = DateTime.Today + expirationLength,
});
return cert;
}
请注意,我将 CryptContext 对象的标志设置为 0x8 | 0x20 (CRYPT_NEWKEYSET | CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET)。
我希望我能弄清楚我原来的解决方案有什么问题。 但是我需要一些东西来工作,在我的测试中,这个解决方案可以满足我的需求。 我希望它可以帮助其他人。
我在 PowerShell 中使用等效代码时遇到了同样的问题。 似乎有时私钥会消失。 我使用了 Process Monitor,您可以看到正在删除的密钥文件。
我解决这个问题的方法是将X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet
添加到 X509Certificate2 构造函数。
您还可以在 CodePlex ( https://clrsecurity.codeplex.com/ ) 上使用 CLR 安全库。 这是创建自签名证书并使用 SSLStream 对其进行测试的示例代码。
var machineName = Environment.MachineName;
var keyCreationParameters = new CngKeyCreationParameters();
keyCreationParameters.KeyUsage = CngKeyUsages.AllUsages;
keyCreationParameters.KeyCreationOptions = CngKeyCreationOptions.OverwriteExistingKey;
keyCreationParameters.Parameters.Add(new CngProperty("Length", BitConverter.GetBytes(4096), CngPropertyOptions.None));
var cngKey = CngKey.Create(CngAlgorithm2.Rsa, "Test", keyCreationParameters);
var x500DistinguishedName = new X500DistinguishedName("CN=" + machineName);
x500DistinguishedName.Oid.Value = "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1";
var certificateCreationParameters = new X509CertificateCreationParameters(x500DistinguishedName);
certificateCreationParameters.SignatureAlgorithm = X509CertificateSignatureAlgorithm.RsaSha512;
certificateCreationParameters.TakeOwnershipOfKey = true;
certificateCreationParameters.CertificateCreationOptions = X509CertificateCreationOptions.None;
certificateCreationParameters.EndTime = new DateTime(9999, 12,31, 23, 59, 59, 999, DateTimeKind.Utc);
var certificate = cngKey.CreateSelfSignedCertificate(certificateCreationParameters);
var certificateStore = new X509Store(StoreName.Root, StoreLocation.CurrentUser);
certificateStore.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);
certificateStore.Add(certificate);
certificateStore.Close();
var tcpListener = TcpListener.Create(6666);
tcpListener.Start();
var client = new TcpClient("localhost", 6666);
var acceptedClient = tcpListener.AcceptTcpClient();
var acceptedClinetSslStream = new SslStream(
acceptedClient.GetStream(), false);
var serverAuthTask = acceptedClinetSslStream.AuthenticateAsServerAsync(certificate,
false, SslProtocols.Tls, true);
SslStream clientSslStream = new SslStream(
client.GetStream(),
false,
delegate(object o, X509Certificate x509Certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors errors)
{
if (errors == SslPolicyErrors.None)
return true;
Console.WriteLine("Certificate error: {0}", errors);
// Do not allow this client to communicate with unauthenticated servers.
return false;
},
null);
var clientAuthTask = clientSslStream.AuthenticateAsClientAsync(machineName);
Task.WaitAll(serverAuthTask, clientAuthTask);
@Paul,我找不到X509CertificateCreationParameters的库。 猜猜哪里有吗?
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