自动加入以在Access 2010中创建组织层次结构

Question

我正在尝试使用Access 2010创建员工组织层次结构。我的基本表包含有关员工的信息，包括他们的直接经理。 理想情况下，我想创建一个包含每个报告级别的表。 该查询的净输出将是一个包含所有者，所有者和所有者与所有者之间关系深度的表。

我的数据表可以归纳为：

拥有的EE ID
直接所有者ID

我要创建的净输出是这样的表：

Owner | Owned | Levels between Owner and Owned

例如，假设约翰向乔报告，乔向简报告。 我的结构将是：

Joe  | John | 1
Jane | Joe  | 1
Jane | John | 2

我知道在树的顶部（CEO）和树的底部（小时工peon）之间走不超过11​​个深度。

在Access SQL中可以做这种事情吗？ 理想情况下，我不希望编写宏，但是如果需要的话，我会写宏。 我可以从下至上或从上至下构建，我真的不在乎，但是我是从上至下在Excel中构建测试文件的，因此自上而下的创建更容易，因为我先是从没有直接经理（首席执行官）。

如果有问题，我是Access的相对n00b。 谢谢。

Answer 1

Access SQL不支持递归（例如SQL Server中的递归CTE），但是以下VBA代码将采用名为[Employees]的输入表。

ID  EmployeeName    ReportsTo
--  ------------    ---------
1   Jane    
2   Joe             1
3   John            2
4   Julia           2
5   Jack            4
6   Jimbo           2
7   Jill            5

...并填充名为[EmployeeHierarchy]的表...

Superior    Subordinate LevelDifference
--------    ----------- ---------------
Jane        Joe         1
Joe         John        1
Jane        John        2
Joe         Julia       1
Jane        Julia       2
Julia       Jack        1
Joe         Jack        2
Jane        Jack        3
Jack        Jill        1
Julia       Jill        2
Joe         Jill        3
Jane        Jill        4
Joe         Jimbo       1
Jane        Jimbo       2

...像这样：

Option Compare Database
Option Explicit

Sub OrgTree()
    Dim cdb As DAO.Database, rstTop As DAO.Recordset
    Set cdb = CurrentDb
    cdb.Execute "DELETE FROM EmployeeHierarchy", dbFailOnError
    Set rstTop = cdb.OpenRecordset( _
            "SELECT ID, EmployeeName " & _
            "FROM Employees " & _
            "WHERE ReportsTo IS NULL", _
            dbOpenSnapshot)
    ' process each top-level entity
    Do While Not rstTop.EOF
        ProcessSubordinates rstTop!ID, rstTop!EmployeeName, 0
        rstTop.MoveNext
    Loop
    rstTop.Close
    Set rstTop = Nothing
    Set cdb = Nothing
End Sub

Sub ProcessSubordinates(BaseID As Long, BaseName As String, RecursionLevel As Long)
    Dim rstSubs As DAO.Recordset
    Dim i As Long, CurrentID As Long, SuperiorID As Long, SuperiorName As String
    Set rstSubs = CurrentDb.OpenRecordset( _
            "SELECT ID, EmployeeName " & _
            "FROM Employees " & _
            "WHERE ReportsTo = " & BaseID, _
            dbOpenSnapshot)
    ' loop through immediate subordinates for the "base" employee
    Do While Not rstSubs.EOF
        AddToEmployeeHierarchy BaseName, rstSubs!EmployeeName, 1

        ' traverse back up the tree to list all other superiors
        CurrentID = BaseID
        For i = 1 To RecursionLevel
            SuperiorID = DLookup("ReportsTo", "Employees", "ID = " & CurrentID)
            SuperiorName = DLookup("EmployeeName", "Employees", "ID = " & SuperiorID)
            AddToEmployeeHierarchy SuperiorName, rstSubs!EmployeeName, i + 1
            CurrentID = SuperiorID
        Next

        ' and recurse to process down the tree for the current subordinate
        ProcessSubordinates rstSubs!ID, rstSubs!EmployeeName, RecursionLevel + 1
        rstSubs.MoveNext
    Loop
    rstSubs.Close
    Set rstSubs = Nothing
End Sub

Sub AddToEmployeeHierarchy(SuperiorName As String, SubordinateName As String, LevelDifference As Long)
    Dim rst As DAO.Recordset
    Set rst = CurrentDb.OpenRecordset("EmployeeHierarchy", dbOpenTable)
    rst.AddNew
    rst!Superior = SuperiorName
    rst!Subordinate = SubordinateName
    rst!LevelDifference = LevelDifference
    rst.Update
    rst.Close
    Set rst = Nothing
End Sub