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我无法弄清楚为什么会出现此错误:ConcurrentModificationException

[英]I cannot figure out why I have this error: ConcurrentModificationException

我正在编写一个解决Mastermind游戏的程序。 该程序的要旨是列出所有可能的解决方案,并在每一次都不正确的猜测之后,从列表中删除至少不会给出该解决方案的任何内容。 使用此方法来比较两个字符串(guess和strFromArray)以查看它们是否获得相同的值。 但是,我遇到了一个错误,我不知道为什么。 任何帮助,将不胜感激。

    Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.checkForComodification(Unknown Source)
at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.next(Unknown Source)
at Game.shortenTheList(Game.java:88)
at Game.guess(Game.java:76)
at Game.play(Game.java:40)
at Game.main(Game.java:23)


/*
 * Compares the two strings. If they would get the same output, return false. If they would get a different output, return true.
 */
public boolean compare(String guess, String strFromArray, int black, int white)
{
    int white2 = 0;
    int black2 = 0;

    char[] arr1 = guess.toCharArray();
    char[] arr2 = strFromArray.toCharArray();

    for(int i=0; i<guess.length(); i++)
    {
        if(arr1[i] == arr2[i])
        {
            black2 ++;
            arr1[i] = '$';
            arr2[i] = '%';
        }
    }

    for(int i=0; i<guess.length(); i++)
    {
        for(int j=0; j<strFromArray.length(); j++)
        {
            if(arr1[i] == arr2[j])
            {
                white2++;
                arr1[i] = '!';
                arr2[j] = '@';
            }
        }
    }

    if(black == black2 && white == white2)
        return false;

    else
        return true;
}

/*
 * Shortens the list of possible solutions by eliminating everything that wouldn't get at least the given output.
 */
public void shortenTheList(String guess, int black1, int white1)
{
    for (String str : possibleSolutions)
    {
        if(compare(guess, str, black1, white1))
        {
            possibleSolutions.remove(str);
        }
    }
}

一旦打开了Iterator (在使用for(String str: possibleSolutions) PossibleSolutions时隐式地进行for(String str: possibleSolutions) ,对基础集合( possibleSolutions )的任何修改(除非通过在Iterator上调用remove )都将导致ConcurrentModificationException ;这在集合类中非常清楚地记录了下来。 。

如果您需要从集合中删除项目,请使用显式的Iterator

Iterator<String> it = possibleSolutions.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()) {
    if(compare(guess, it.next(), black1, white1))
        it.remove();
}

正如@allprog指出的那样,当您遇到如此明显的“过滤”问题时,功能性方法会更好。 在选择Java 8之前,使用Guava的Iterables#filterIterables#removeIf可能是一个不错的选择。 您只需包装您的compare方法并将其传递。

/*
 * Shortens the list of possible solutions by eliminating everything that wouldn't get at least the given output.
 */
public void shortenTheList(String guess, int black1, int white1)
{
    for (String str : possibleSolutions)
    {
        if(compare(guess, str, black1, white1))
        {
            possibleSolutions.remove(str);
        }
    }
}

有你的问题。

而是使用:

/*
 * Shortens the list of possible solutions by eliminating everything that wouldn't get at least the given output.
 */
public void shortenTheList(String guess, int black1, int white1)
{
    Iterator<String> it = possibleSolutions.iterator();
    while(it.hasNext())
    {
        String str = it.next();
        if(compare(guess, str, black1, white1))
        {
            it.remove();
        }
    }
}

这是从当前正在迭代的集合中删除对象的唯一干净方法。 另一种不太优雅的方法是创建一个单独的String列表以删除并对其进行迭代。

当您使用foreach循环遍历列表时,您将无法修改possibleSolutions列表。

将您的代码更改为如下所示:

public void shortenTheList(String guess, int black1, int white1)
{    
    for(Iterator<String> it = possibleSolutions.iterator(); it.hasNext()){
        String str = it.next();
        if(compare(guess, str, black1, white1)){
            it.remove();
        }
    }
}

就像chrylis所说的那样,如果不使用Iterator,就无法从集合中删除元素。

例:

public void shortenTheList(String guess, int black1, int white1)
{
for (String str : possibleSolutions)
{
if(compare(guess, str, black1, white1))
{
possibleSolutions.remove(str);
}
}
}

应该:

public void shortenTheList(String guess, int black1, int white1)
{
Iterator i = possibleSolutions.Iterator();
while(i.hasNext())
{
String str = (String) i.next();
if(compare(guess, str, black1, white1))
{
i.remove();
}
}
}

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