C程序文件读取，重新格式化，写入

Question

我在while循环中遇到麻烦，如何获取字符串，并且仅将名称major和GPA显示为列表。 另外，我在fgets函数中需要帮助，因为每三行中的每一行都不同，所以我将如何在列表中显示它们。 我将在while循环中放入什么来使它起作用？

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)
{

    FILE *cfPtr;
    FILE *ofp;
    char name[20];
    char major[3];
    double gpa;
    ofp = fopen("outputFile.txt","w");
    fprintf(ofp,"Name\tMajor\tGPA\n");
    if((cfPtr = fopen("inputFile.txt","r")) == NULL)
    {
        printf("This file could not be opened\n");
    }
    else
    {
        while (!feof(cfPtr))
        {   

            fgets(name, 20, cfPtr );
            //How to read the string and only display
            //the name major and gpa?
            //fprintf(ofp,"%s\t%s\t%f\n", name, major, gpa);

        }

    }
    fclose(cfPtr);
    fclose(ofp);    
}

输入文件为：

Name: John Milton
Major: EE
GPA: 3.98
Name: Karl Lewis
Major: CS
GPA: 3.6
Name: Homer Simpson
Major: CE
GPA: 4.0

我需要输出文件为：

Name:           Major:  GPA:
John Milton     EE      3.98
Karl Lewis      CS      3.6
Homer Simpson   CE      4.0

Answer 1

嗨，您可以这样操作。如果必须使用fegts。

您应该声明这些char数组，

char name[20];//enough long
char major[10];//enough long
char gpa[10];//enough long
char name_tag[7];//According to the "Name: "
char major_tag[8];//According to the "Major: "
char gpa_tag[6];//According to the "GPA: "

而while循环，

while (1)
{   
    if(fgets(name_tag,7,cfPtr) == NULL)
        break;
    if (feof(cfPtr))
    {
         break;
    }
    if(fgets(name, 20, cfPtr ) == NULL)
        break;
    if (name[strlen(name) - 1] == '\n')
    {
        name[strlen(name) - 1] = '\0';//remove '\n'
    }
    if(fgets(major_tag,8,cfPtr) == NULL)
        break;
    if(fgets(major,10,cfPtr) == NULL)
        break;
    if (major[strlen(major) - 1] == '\n')
    {
        major[strlen(major) - 1] = '\0';
    }
    if(fgets(gpa_tag,6,cfPtr) == NULL)
        break;
    if(fgets(gpa,10,cfPtr) == NULL)
        break;
    if (gpa[strlen(gpa) - 1] == '\n')
    {
        gpa[strlen(gpa) - 1] = '\0';
    }

    fprintf(ofp,"%s\t%s\t%s\n", name, major, gpa);
}

Answer 2

示例代码：

#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct data {
    char name[20];
    char major[3];
    double gpa;
} Data;

Data *fgets_data(Data *aData, FILE *fp){
    if( fscanf(fp, "Name: %19[^\n]%*c", aData->name)==1 &&
        fscanf(fp, "Major: %2s%*c", aData->major)==1 &&
        fscanf(fp, "GPA: %lf%*c", &(aData->gpa))==1 )
        return aData;

    return NULL;//fail
}

void fputs_data(Data *aData, FILE *fp){
    if(aData == NULL) //print caption
        fprintf(fp, "%-20s%-8s%s\n",
        "Name:", "Major:", "GPA:");
    else
        fprintf(fp, "%-20s%-8s%g\n",
            aData->name, aData->major, aData->gpa);
}

int main(void){
    FILE *cfPtr;
    Data aData;

    if((cfPtr = fopen("inputFile.txt","r")) == NULL){
        fprintf(stderr, "This file could not be opened\n");
    } else {
        FILE *ofp = fopen("outputFile.txt","w");

        fputs_data(NULL, ofp);//print fileld name
        while (fgets_data(&aData, cfPtr)!=NULL)
            fputs_data(&aData, ofp);
        fclose(ofp);
        fclose(cfPtr);
    }
    return 0;
}

Answer 3

我不会为您编写代码，但会帮助您某种程度地构建解决方案。

如果您查看输入文件和预期的输出格式，则可能如下所示：

open input and output files
while there are more lines in the input file
   name = readline(); major = readline(); gpa = readline();
   writeLine(name, major, gpa);
close files

现在，它只是一次找出每个步骤的代码。