在SQL Server中动态地将多个行组合成多个列

Question

我有一个大型数据库表，我需要使用Microsoft SQL Server动态执行下面的操作。

从这样的结果：

 badge   |   name   |   Job   |   KDA   |   Match 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
 T996    |  Darrien |   AP    |   3.0   |   20
 T996    |  Darrien |   ADC   |   2.8   |   16
 T996    |  Darrien |   TOP   |   5.0   |   120

使用SQL得到这样的结果：

badge   |   name   |  AP_KDA | AP_Match | ADC_KDA | ADC_Match | TOP_KDA | TOP_Match 
- - - - - - - - -
T996    |  Darrien |   3.0   |   20     |  2.8    |   16      |   5.0   |  120      

即使有30行，它也会组合成一行60列。

我目前能够通过硬编码（参见下面的示例）来实现，但不是动态的。

Select badge,name,
(
 SELECT max(KDA)
 FROM table
 WHERE (h.badge = badge) AND (h.name = name) 
 AND (Job = 'AP')
) AP_KDA,
(
 SELECT max(Match)
 FROM table
 WHERE (h.badge = badge) AND (h.name = name) 
 AND (Job = 'AP')
) AP_Match,
(
 SELECT max(KDA)
 FROM table
 WHERE (h.badge = badge) AND (h.name = name) 
 AND (Job = 'ADC')
) ADC_KDA,
(
 SELECT max(Match)
 FROM table
 WHERE (h.badge = badge) AND (h.name = name) 
 AND (Job = 'ADC')
) ADC_Match,
(
 SELECT max(KDA)
 FROM table
 WHERE (h.badge = badge) AND (h.name = name) 
 AND (Job = 'TOP')
) TOP_KDA,
(
 SELECT max(Match)
 FROM table
 WHERE (h.badge = badge) AND (h.name = name) 
 AND (Job = 'TOP')
) TOP_Match
from table h

我需要一个MSSQL语句，允许我将多行组合成一行。 第3列（ Job ）内容将与第4列和第5列（ KDA和Match ）组合并成为新列。

因此，如果Job有6个不同的值（比如Job1到Job6 ），那么结果将有12列，例如： Job1_KDA ， Job1_Match ， Job2_KDA ， Job2_Match等，按徽章和名称分组。

我需要一个声明，它可以遍历第3列数据，因此我不需要硬编码（对每个可能的Job值重复查询）或使用临时表。

Answer 1

我会用动态sql来做，但这是（ http://sqlfiddle.com/#!6/a63a6/1/0）PIVOT解决方案：

SELECT badge, name, [AP_KDa], [AP_Match], [ADC_KDA],[ADC_Match],[TOP_KDA],[TOP_Match] FROM
(
SELECT badge, name, col, val FROM(
 SELECT *, Job+'_KDA' as Col, KDA as Val FROM @T 
 UNION
 SELECT *, Job+'_Match' as Col,Match as Val  FROM @T
) t
) tt
PIVOT ( max(val) for Col in ([AP_KDa], [AP_Match], [ADC_KDA],[ADC_Match],[TOP_KDA],[TOP_Match]) ) AS pvt

额外奖励：PIVOT如何与动态SQL（ http://sqlfiddle.com/#!6/a63a6/7/0 ）结合使用，我更愿意做到更简单，没有PIVOT，但这只是一个很好的锻炼我 ：

SELECT badge, name, cast(Job+'_KDA' as nvarchar(128)) as Col, KDA as Val INTO #Temp1 FROM Temp 
INSERT INTO #Temp1 SELECT badge, name, Job+'_Match' as Col, Match as Val FROM Temp

DECLARE @columns nvarchar(max)
SELECT @columns = COALESCE(@columns + ', ', '') + Col FROM #Temp1 GROUP BY Col

DECLARE @sql nvarchar(max) = 'SELECT badge, name, '+@columns+' FROM #Temp1 PIVOT ( max(val) for Col in ('+@columns+') ) AS pvt'
exec (@sql)

DROP TABLE #Temp1

Answer 2

将行中的多个行和列组合并按ID进行分组

IF OBJECT_ID('usr_CUSTOMER') IS NOT NULL 
DROP TABLE usr_CUSTOMER

--------------------------CRATE TABLE---------------------------------------------------

GO
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[usr_CUSTOMER](
    [Last_Name] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [First_Name] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [Middle_Name] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
    [ID] [int] NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]


GO
INSERT [dbo].[usr_CUSTOMER] ([Last_Name], [First_Name], [Middle_Name], [ID]) VALUES (N'gal', N'ornon', N'gili', 111)
GO
INSERT [dbo].[usr_CUSTOMER] ([Last_Name], [First_Name], [Middle_Name], [ID]) VALUES (N'porat', N'Yahel', N'LILl', 44444)
GO
INSERT [dbo].[usr_CUSTOMER] ([Last_Name], [First_Name], [Middle_Name], [ID]) VALUES (N'Shabtai', N'Or', N'Orya', 2222)
GO
INSERT [dbo].[usr_CUSTOMER] ([Last_Name], [First_Name], [Middle_Name], [ID]) VALUES (N'alex', N'levi', N'dolev', 33)
GO
INSERT [dbo].[usr_CUSTOMER] ([Last_Name], [First_Name], [Middle_Name], [ID]) VALUES (N'oren', N'cohen', N'ornini', 44444)
GO
INSERT [dbo].[usr_CUSTOMER] ([Last_Name], [First_Name], [Middle_Name], [ID]) VALUES (N'ron', N'ziyon', N'amir', 2222)
GO



----------------------------script---------------------------------------------

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#TempString') IS NOT NULL 
DROP TABLE #TempString

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tempcount') IS NOT NULL 
DROP TABLE #tempcount

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tempcmbnition') IS NOT NULL 
        DROP TABLE #tempcmbnition
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SELECT  ID,
    [Last_Name] + '#' + [First_Name] + '#' + ISNULL([Middle_Name], '')  as StringRow 
    INTO #TempString  
FROM [dbo].[usr_CUSTOMER]  
ORDER BY StringRow


select distinct id 
into #tempcount
from usr_CUSTOMER


CREATE TABLE [dbo].[#tempcmbnition](
        [ID] [int] NULL,
        [combinedString] [nvarchar](max) NULL
) 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DECLARE @tableID table(ID int)  
insert into @tableID(ID) (select distinct Id from #tempcount)

DECLARE @CNT int
SET @CNT = (select count(*) from @tableID)


declare @lastRow int
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


WHILE (@CNT  >=1 )
    BEGIN       

        SET @lastRow = (SELECT TOP 1 id FROM #tempcount ORDER BY id DESC)
        DECLARE @combinedString VARCHAR(MAX) 
        set @combinedString = ''
        SELECT  @combinedString = COALESCE(@combinedString + '^ ', '') + StringRow
        from #TempString
        where ID = @lastRow
        insert into #tempcmbnition (ID, [combinedString]) values(@lastRow ,@combinedString)
        SET @CNT = @CNT-1
        DELETE #tempcount where ID = @lastRow
    END
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- if you what remove first char
--  UPDATE #tempcmbnition 
--  SET combinedString = RIGHT(combinedString, LEN(combinedString) - 1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

select *from #TempString
select * from #tempcmbnition