为什么此正则表达式匹配器块需要很长时间才能完成？
[英]Why this regex matcher block takes very long time to complete?
问题描述
我有一个程序使用正则表达式模式从PDF文档提取文本。
我的问题是匹配器块需要很长时间才能执行某些PDF文件...
这是代码：
String title = "(?s)\\(54\\)\\s*([\\w\\s,-]+)|(?s)\\[54\\]\\s*([\\w\\s,-]+)";
String in ="((?s)\\(\\d\\d\\)\\s+Inventor\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+);([\\w\\s.\\',();-]+)(?=\\(\\d*\\)\\s+Assignee:))|((?s)\\[\\d\\d\\)\\s+Inventor:\\s*([\\-\\w\\d\\s,\\.\\(\\)-]+)*[\\w\\']*(?=\\n))|(Inventor\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+);([\\w\\s.\\',();-]+)(?=Assignee:))|((?s)\\(\\d\\d\\)\\s+Inventor\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+);([\\w\\s.\\',();-]+)(?=\\(\\d*\\)\\s+Assignee:))|((?s)\\(\\d\\d\\)\\s+Inventor:\\s*([\\-\\w\\d\\s,\\.\\(\\)-]+)*[\\w\\']*(?=\\n))|(Inventor\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+);([\\w\\s.\\',();-]+)(?=Assignee:))";
String as ="((?s)\\(\\d\\d\\)\\s+Assignee\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+);([\\w\\s.\\',();-]+)(?=\\(\\d*\\)\\s+Notice:))|((?s)\\(\\d\\d\\)\\s+Assignee:\\s*([\\-\\w\\d\\s,\\.\\(\\)-]+)*[\\w\\']*(?=\\n))|(Assignee\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+);([\\w\\s.\\',();-]+)(?=Notice:))|(Assignee\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+)(?=Notice:))";
String app_no ="(?s)\\(21\\)\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+)|(?s)\\[21\\]\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+)";
String filed ="((?s)\\(22\\)\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+))|((?s)\\(22\\)\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+)(?=\\s*\\n\\s*Related))|((?s)\\[22\\]\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+))|((?s)\\[22\\]\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+)(?=\\s*\\n\\s*Related))";
String term ="((?s)\\s*Term\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+))|((?s)\\s*Term\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+))";
String pat_no = "(?s)\\s*Patent No\\.\\:\\s*([\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)|(?s)\\s*Patent Number\\:\\s*([\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)";
String pat_dt = "(?s)\\(45\\)\\s*Date([\\*\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)(?=\\(\\d*\\)\\s+Inventor:)|(?s)\\(45\\)\\s*Date([\\*\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)(?=\\(\\d*\\)\\s+Inventors:)|(?s)\\(45\\)\\s*Date([\\*\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)|(?s)\\[45\\]\\s*Date([\\*\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)(?=\\[\\d*\\]\\s+Inventor:)|(?s)\\[45\\]\\s*Date([\\*\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)(?=\\(\\d*\\)\\s+Inventors:)|(?s)\\[45\\]\\s*Date([\\*\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)";
String region = stripper.getTextForRegion( "class1" );
String regiont = stripper.getTextForRegion( "class2" );
Pattern p = Pattern.compile(in);
Matcher m = p.matcher(region);
Pattern p2 = Pattern.compile(as);
Matcher m2 = p2.matcher(region);
Pattern p3 = Pattern.compile(title);
Matcher m3 = p3.matcher(region);
Pattern p4 = Pattern.compile(pat_no);
Matcher m4 = p4.matcher(regiont);
Pattern p5 = Pattern.compile(app_no);
Matcher m5 = p5.matcher(region);
Pattern p6 = Pattern.compile(filed);
Matcher m6 = p6.matcher(region);
Pattern p7 = Pattern.compile(pat_dt);
Matcher m7 = p7.matcher(regiont);
long TIMEOUT = 15000l; // 15 seconds
long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); // init the long just above the while
System.out.println("find start");
while(m.find())
{
// System.out.println(m.group());
}
Long nowtime = System.currentTimeMillis() ;
while(m2.find())
{
// System.out.println(m2.group());
}
while(m3.find() && (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) < TIMEOUT)
{
// System.out.println(m3.group());
patit = m3.group().replace("(54)", " ");
patit = patit.trim();
// System.out.println("m3");
}
while(m4.find() && (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) < TIMEOUT)
{
// System.out.println(m4.group());
patno = m4.group().replace("Patent No.: ", " ");
patno = patno.replace("Patent No: ", " ");
patno = patno.replace("Patent", " ");
patno = patno.replace("No.:", " ");
patno = patno.replace("No:", " ");
patno = patno.replace("Number: ", " ");
patno = patno.replace("Number.: ", " ");
patno = patno.trim();
// System.out.println("m4");
}
while(m5.find() && (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) < TIMEOUT)
{
// System.out.println(m5.group());
appno = m5.group().replace("(21)", " ");
appno = appno.replace("Appl. No.: ", " ");
appno = appno.replace("Appl.", " ");
appno = appno.replace("No.", " ");
appno = appno.replace(":"," ");
appno = appno.trim();
// System.out.println("m5");
}
while(m6.find() && (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) < TIMEOUT)
{
// System.out.println(m6.group());
patfilled = m6.group().replace("(22)", " ");
patfilled = patfilled.replace("Filed", " ");
patfilled= patfilled.replace("PCT", " ");
patfilled = patfilled.replace(":", " ");
patfilled = patfilled.replace("\n", "");
patfilled= patfilled.trim();
// System.out.println("m6");
}
while (m7.find() && (System.currentTimeMillis() - now) < TIMEOUT)
{
patdate = m7.group().replace("(45) Date of Patent: ", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("(45) Date of Patent.: ", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("(45)", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("Date", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("of", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("Patent.: ", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("Patent: ", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("Reissued", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace(":", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("Patent", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("*", " ");
patdate = patdate.trim();
// System.out.println("m7");
}
System.out.println("find end");
在上面的代码中，mX.find（）需要较长的时间来执行某些文件的迭代操作……也就是说，执行冻结在System.out.println("find start"); 在一些迭代中。
这是示例输出：（滚动查看）
-------
find start
1ms Elasped
1841
File name:06377334.pdf
US 6,377,334 B2
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING IMAGE
SIZE OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS ON
WAFERS SUPPORTED ON HOT PLATES
DURING POST EXPOSURE BAKING OF THE
WAFERS
Apr. 23, 2002
Jan. 24, 2001
Related U.S. Application Data
09/768,973
-------
find start
1ms Elasped
1842
File name:06377337.pdf
US 6,377,337 B1
PROJECTION EXPOSURE APPARATUS
Apr. 23, 2002
Apr. 27, 1999
09/299,558
-------
find start
1843
File name:06377338.pdf
US 6,377,338 B1
EXPOSURE APPARATUS AND METHOD
Apr. 23, 2002
Oct. 13, 2000
Related U.S. Application Data
09/299,558
-------
find start
1844
File name:06377339.pdf
US 6,377,339 B1
DOCUMENT IMAGING SYSTEM
INCORPORATING A SELECTIVELY
OPAQUE
Apr. 23, 2002
Mar. 29, 1999
09/280,186
-------
find start
1845
File name:06377340.pdf
US 6,377,340 B1
METHOD OF DETECTION OF NATURAL
DIAMONDS THAT HAVE BEEN PROCESSED
AT HIGH PRESSURE AND HIGH
TEMPERATURES
Apr. 23, 2002
Oct. 29, 1999
09/430,477
-------
find start
1846
File name:06377341.pdf
US 6,377,341 B1
REFRACTIVE INDEX BASED DETECTOR
SYSTEM FOR LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Apr. 23, 2002
Aug. 3, 1999
09/368,310
-------
find start
(execution freezes here )
为什么会这样呢？ 为什么正则表达式匹配器需要很长时间？
这里是整个程序：
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.TrueFileFilter;
import org.apache.commons.io.filefilter.WildcardFileFilter;
import org.apache.pdfbox.exceptions.InvalidPasswordException;
import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage;
import org.apache.pdfbox.util.PDFTextStripperByArea;
public class PatentAdder {
/**
* @param args
*/
public static String patno,patit,patdate,patfilled,appno;
private static int File;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int cnt=0;
if( args.length == 1 )
{
// usage();
}
else
{
PDDocument document = null;
try
{
File dataDir = new File("F:/patents/test/tittest/USP2002w17/06/378/pdfs");
File[] files = dataDir.listFiles();
int count=0;
long TIMEOUT1 = 60000l; // 15 seconds
long now1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (File file : files) {
try {
// System.out.println ("Satrt2");
File f = file;
if (!f.isDirectory()) {
document = PDDocument.load(f.getAbsolutePath());
if( document.isEncrypted() )
{
try
{
document.decrypt( "" );
}
catch( InvalidPasswordException e )
{
System.err.println( "Error: Document is encrypted with a password." );
System.exit( 1 );
}
} }
PDFTextStripperByArea stripper = new PDFTextStripperByArea();
stripper.setSortByPosition( true );
Rectangle rectt = new Rectangle( 288, 60, 222, 40 );
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle( 55, 108, 230, 600 ); // US-Patent title h40
stripper.addRegion( "class1", rect );
stripper.addRegion("class2", rectt);
List allPages = document.getDocumentCatalog().getAllPages();
PDPage firstPage = (PDPage)allPages.get( 0 );
stripper.extractRegions( firstPage );
String title = "(?s)\\(54\\)\\s*([\\w\\s,-]+)|(?s)\\[54\\]\\s*([\\w\\s,-]+)";
String in ="((?s)\\(\\d\\d\\)\\s+Inventor\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+);([\\w\\s.\\',();-]+)(?=\\(\\d*\\)\\s+Assignee:))|((?s)\\[\\d\\d\\)\\s+Inventor:\\s*([\\-\\w\\d\\s,\\.\\(\\)-]+)*[\\w\\']*(?=\\n))|(Inventor\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+);([\\w\\s.\\',();-]+)(?=Assignee:))|((?s)\\(\\d\\d\\)\\s+Inventor\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+);([\\w\\s.\\',();-]+)(?=\\(\\d*\\)\\s+Assignee:))|((?s)\\(\\d\\d\\)\\s+Inventor:\\s*([\\-\\w\\d\\s,\\.\\(\\)-]+)*[\\w\\']*(?=\\n))|(Inventor\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+);([\\w\\s.\\',();-]+)(?=Assignee:))";
String as ="((?s)\\(\\d\\d\\)\\s+Assignee\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+);([\\w\\s.\\',();-]+)(?=\\(\\d*\\)\\s+Notice:))|((?s)\\(\\d\\d\\)\\s+Assignee:\\s*([\\-\\w\\d\\s,\\.\\(\\)-]+)*[\\w\\']*(?=\\n))|(Assignee\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+);([\\w\\s.\\',();-]+)(?=Notice:))|(Assignee\\w*:\\s*\\w*([\\w\\d,.\\s)(-]+)(?=Notice:))";
String app_no ="(?s)\\(21\\)\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+)|(?s)\\[21\\]\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+)";
String filed ="((?s)\\(22\\)\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+))|((?s)\\(22\\)\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+)(?=\\s*\\n\\s*Related))|((?s)\\[22\\]\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+))|((?s)\\[22\\]\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+)(?=\\s*\\n\\s*Related))";
String term ="((?s)\\s*Term\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+))|((?s)\\s*Term\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+))";
String pat_no = "(?s)\\s*Patent No\\.\\:\\s*([\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)|(?s)\\s*Patent Number\\:\\s*([\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)";
String pat_dt = "(?s)\\(45\\)\\s*Date([\\*\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)(?=\\(\\d*\\)\\s+Inventor:)|(?s)\\(45\\)\\s*Date([\\*\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)(?=\\(\\d*\\)\\s+Inventors:)|(?s)\\(45\\)\\s*Date([\\*\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)|(?s)\\[45\\]\\s*Date([\\*\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)(?=\\[\\d*\\]\\s+Inventor:)|(?s)\\[45\\]\\s*Date([\\*\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)(?=\\(\\d*\\)\\s+Inventors:)|(?s)\\[45\\]\\s*Date([\\*\\w\\d\\s,.://-]+)";
String region = stripper.getTextForRegion( "class1" );
String regiont = stripper.getTextForRegion( "class2" );
Pattern p = Pattern.compile(in);
Matcher m = p.matcher(region);
Pattern p2 = Pattern.compile(as);
Matcher m2 = p2.matcher(region);
Pattern p3 = Pattern.compile(title);
Matcher m3 = p3.matcher(region);
Pattern p4 = Pattern.compile(pat_no);
Matcher m4 = p4.matcher(regiont);
Pattern p5 = Pattern.compile(app_no);
Matcher m5 = p5.matcher(region);
Pattern p6 = Pattern.compile(filed);
Matcher m6 = p6.matcher(region);
Pattern p7 = Pattern.compile(pat_dt);
Matcher m7 = p7.matcher(regiont);
System.out.println("find start");
Long nowtime = System.currentTimeMillis() ;
while(m3.find())
{
patit = m3.group().replace("(54)", " ");
patit = patit.trim();
}
while(m4.find() )
{
patno = m4.group().replace("Patent No.: ", " ");
patno = patno.replace("Patent No: ", " ");
patno = patno.replace("Patent", " ");
patno = patno.replace("No.:", " ");
patno = patno.replace("No:", " ");
patno = patno.replace("Number: ", " ");
patno = patno.replace("Number.: ", " ");
patno = patno.trim();
}
while(m5.find() )
{
appno = m5.group().replace("(21)", " ");
appno = appno.replace("Appl. No.: ", " ");
appno = appno.replace("Appl.", " ");
appno = appno.replace("No.", " ");
appno = appno.replace(":"," ");
appno = appno.trim();
}
while(m6.find())
{
patfilled = m6.group().replace("(22)", " ");
patfilled = patfilled.replace("Filed", " ");
patfilled= patfilled.replace("PCT", " ");
patfilled = patfilled.replace(":", " ");
patfilled = patfilled.replace("\n", "");
patfilled= patfilled.trim();
}
while (m7.find() )
{
patdate = m7.group().replace("(45) Date of Patent: ", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("(45) Date of Patent.: ", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("(45)", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("Date", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("of", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("Patent.: ", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("Patent: ", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("Reissued", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace(":", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("Patent", " ");
patdate = patdate.replace("*", " ");
patdate = patdate.trim();
}
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter (new File("F:/patents/test/tittest/USP2002w17/06/378/pdfs/output.txt"));
System.out.println(count);
out.println(count);
System.out.println("File name:"+f.getName());
out.println("File name:"+f.getName());
System.out.println(patno +"\n"+patit+"\n"+patdate+"\n"+patfilled+"\n"+appno+"\n-------");
out.println(patno +"\n"+patit+"\n"+patdate+"\n"+patfilled+"\n"+appno+"\n-------");
Long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis()-nowtime;
System.out.println(endtime+"ms Elasped") ;
out.println(endtime+"ms Elasped") ;
count++;
}
catch (IOException e)
{
continue;
}
}
System.out.print("-----Finised "+count+" Files------ \n");
}
finally
{
if( document != null )
{
document.close();
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e.getStackTrace());
//System.out.println(e.getLocalizedMessage());
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
System.out.println(e.getCause());
//System.out.println(e.getClass());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
请告诉您如何优化正则表达式并解决此执行冻结问题...
2 个解决方案
解决方案1
0 2014-02-12 17:41:18
我喜欢自己使用regex，但看来这不是您要尝试做的理想方法。 正则表达式非常适合从文本中提取特定信息。 但是在文本上一遍又一遍地应用几个正则表达式，这表明解析方法会更好。
您的方法存在的一个问题是，每个while循环都在重新读取全文。 可以通过编写自己的解析器并使其一次遍历整个文档来避免这种情况。
正则表达式的另一个问题是它们有很多可选的部分（ \\s*等）。 可选部件使对正则表达式的评估成本更高。 最好使用一个非常简单的正则表达式，然后重新检查其匹配位置以防误报。 例如代替你的正则表达式
String term ="((?s)\\s*Term\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+))|((?s)\\s*Term\\s*([\\w\\s,.://-]+))";
你可以找
String simple_term ="Term";
然后检查每个出现的Term是否确实是您要查找的部分。
顺便看一下我从您的代码中随机选择的字符串，我注意到它比必须要复杂得多。 只需删除替代项| 因为第一种和第二种选择是相同的。
解决方案2
0 2014-02-12 18:12:37
由于您具有类似于\\s*\\s*c的构造-连续的重复字符类具有非空的交集，后跟一个非相交的后继类，因此您会陷入困境。
让我们来看看字符串in （由发动机所看到）：
((?s)\(\d\d\)\s+Inventor\w*:\s*\w*([\w\d,.\s)(-]+);([\w\s.\',();-]+)(?=\(\d*\)\s+Assignee:))
|
((?s)\[\d\d\)\s+Inventor:\s*([\-\w\d\s,\.\(\)-]+)*[\w\']*(?=\n))
|
(Inventor\w*:\s*\w*([\w\d,.\s)(-]+);([\w\s.\',();-]+)(?=Assignee:))
|
((?s)\(\d\d\)\s+Inventor\w*:\s*\w*([\w\d,.\s)(-]+);([\w\s.\',();-]+)(?=\(\d*\)\s+Assignee:))
|
((?s)\(\d\d\)\s+Inventor:\s*([\-\w\d\s,\.\(\)-]+)*[\w\']*(?=\n))
|
(Inventor\w*:\s*\w*([\w\d,.\s)(-]+);([\w\s.\',();-]+)(?=Assignee:))
您的正则表达式中有很多这样的模式：
((?s)\(\d\d\)\s+Inventor\w*:\s*\w*([\w\d,.\s)(-]+);([\w\s.\',();-]+)(?=\(\d*\)\s+Assignee:))
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
((?s)\[\d\d\)\s+Inventor:\s*([\-\w\d\s,\.\(\)-]+)*[\w\']*(?=\n))
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(Inventor\w*:\s*\w*([\w\d,.\s)(-]+);([\w\s.\',();-]+)(?=Assignee:))
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
这并不是说您在正则表达式中两次包含了相同的3个子模式，这完全是多余的。
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