使用 ExecutorService 执行任务：我可以在另一个任务中提交任务吗？

Question

我想在出现故障（异常）的情况下在现有任务中提交一个新任务，但在运行以下代码时遇到了一些问题：

public class TestTask implements Runnable{
private int myInt;
private ExecutorService exec;

public TestTask(int x, ExecutorService s){
    this.myInt=x;
    this.exec=s;
}

@Override
public void run() {         
    try{
        //print number if it's odd; otherwise throw exception
        if(this.myInt%2 ==0) throw new Exception();     
        else System.out.println("Asynchronous task: "+ this.myInt); //do sth

    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.out.println("resubmitting..");
        //## TODO: PROBLEM??
        this.exec.execute(new TestTask(this.myInt+1, this.exec));
    }
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    int NTHREADS =2;
    final ExecutorService service= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(NTHREADS);
    //run tasks
    for(int i=0; i<10; i++){
        service.execute(new TestTask(i, service) );
    }
    //...
}
//....

代码编译并运行几步，然后抛出java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException 。 任何想法如何解释这个以及如何解决？ 谢谢！

[编辑：下面添加了堆栈跟踪]

resubmitting..
Asynchronous task: 1
resubmitting..
Asynchronous task: 3
resubmitting..
Asynchronous task: 5
resubmitting..
Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-2" java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException: Task pe.ads.TestTask@4e19b97c rejected from java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@322ba3e4[Shutting down, pool size = 2, active threads = 2, queued tasks = 8, completed tasks = 3]
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:2048)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:821)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1372)
    at pe.ads.TestTask.run(TestTask.java:26)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)
Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-1" java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException: Task pe.ads.TestTask@31eb494e rejected from java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@322ba3e4[Shutting down, pool size = 2, active threads = 2, queued tasks = 8, completed tasks = 3]
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:2048)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:821)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1372)
    at pe.ads.TestTask.run(TestTask.java:26)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)
Asynchronous task: 7Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-3" java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException: Task pe.ads.TestTask@35afe17b rejected from java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@322ba3e4[Shutting down, pool size = 2, active threads = 2, queued tasks = 6, completed tasks = 6]
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:2048)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:821)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1372)
    at pe.ads.TestTask.run(TestTask.java:26)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)

resubmitting..
Asynchronous task: 9
Asynchronous task: 1
Exception in thread "pool-1-thread-5" java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException: Task pe.ads.TestTask@53e64a3b rejected from java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@322ba3e4[Shutting down, pool size = 2, active threads = 2, queued tasks = 3, completed tasks = 8]
resubmitting..
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:2048)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:821)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1372)
    at pe.ads.TestTask.run(TestTask.java:26)
Asynchronous task: 1    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)

    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)

[编辑：已解决]

结果我在 for 循环之后立即调用了 shutdown()，

    for(int i=0; i<10; i++){
        service.execute(new TestTask(i, service) );
    }
    service.shutdown();

所以新提交的任务被拒绝了。 还了解到 ThreadPoolExecutor 是一个更好的选择。 谢谢你们！

Answer 1

您可以ThreadPoolExecutor并在其中包含重新提交逻辑。 会更优雅。 ThreadPoolExecutor设计精良，并提供钩子方法来做你需要的。 你想覆盖ThreadPoolExecutor.afterExecute

Answer 2

提交任务时抛出该异常，并且：

• 执行器已关闭
• 您超出了最大队列大小

不看代码我们无法判断，但很可能您在隐藏代码中执行了这两件事之一（甚至可能在main ），并且您必须修复它（顺便说一句，此行为可以使用setRejectedExecutionHandler自定义）

我不知道这个问题是您的实际问题还是示例问题，但无论如何，我认为一个任务产生另一个任务并不是常见的做法。 你最好重构你的代码，让调用者自己在必要时提交一个新任务。 并不是说它会解决您的问题，而是肯定会改进您的程序设计。 如果您描述了您的域，也许我们也可以提供帮助。