如何使用cron作业安排动态功能？

Question

我想知道如何安排动态（自动填充数据）函数每天在保存的时间自动运行？

假设我有一个表单，一旦单击按钮，它就会将数据发送到发布数据的函数。 我只是想让它自动化，这样我就不必按下按钮。

<ul>
    <?php 
    foreach($Class->retrieveData as $data)
    {
        <form method="post" action="">
            <li>
                <input type="hidden" name="name">'.$data['name'].'<br/>
                <input type="hidden" name="description">'.$data['description'].'<br/>
                <input type="submit" name="post_data"  value="Post">
            </li>
        </form>
    }
    ?>
</ul>

现在，表单将数据传递给函数。

if(isset($_POST['post_data'])) // if post_data button is clicked then it runs myFunction()
{
    myFunction();
}

myFunction()
{
    $name        = $_POST['name'];
    $description = $_POST['description'];
}

我尝试执行以下操作，但问题是 Cron Job 只能运行整个 .php 文件，并且我正在检索从 MySQL 运行所节省的时间。

foreach($Class->getTime() as $timeData)
{
    $timeHour    = $timeData['timeHour'];
    $timeMinute = $timeData['timeMinute'];

    $hourMin    = date('H:i');
    $timeData   = ''.$timeHour.':'.$timeMinute.'';

    if($hourMin == $timeData)
    {
        run myFunction.
    }
}

$hourMin是当前的小时：分钟，它与从 Mysql 自动运行的保存时间相匹配。 因此，如果$hourMin == $timeData则该函数将运行。

如果$hourMin等于$timeData我如何运行 Cron Job 来自动运行myFunction() ？

所以...

List 1 = is to be runned at 10am
List 2 = is to be runned at 12pm
List 3 = is to be runned at 2pm

10am, 12pm, 2pm是从 MySQL 检索的$timeHour和$timeMinute ，但基于每个列表 ID。

编辑

@随机种子，

1) I can schedule cron jobs.
2) $name and $description will all be arrays, so the following is what I am trying to accomplish.

$name = array(
    'Jon',
    'Steven',
    'Carter'
);

$description = array(
    'Jon is a great person.',
    'Steven has an outgoing character.',
    'Carter is a horrible person.'
);

如果预定时间正确，我想从 $name 和 $description 解析第一个数组。

在数据库中，我有以下内容

postDataTime table

+----+---------+----------+------------+--------+
| iD | timeDay | timeHour | timeMinute | postiD |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| 1  | *       | 9        | 0          | 21     |
|----|---------|----------|------------|--------|
| 2  | *       | 10       | 30         | 22     |
|----|---------|----------|------------|--------|
| 3  | *       | 11       | 0          | 23     |
+----|---------+----------+------------+--------+

iD         = auto incremented on upload.
timeDay    = * is everyday (cron job style)
timeHour   = Hour of the day to run the script
timeMinute = minute of the hour to run script
postiD     = this is the id of the post that is located in another table (n+1 relationship)

如果很难理解.. 什么是藜麦

if(time() == 10:30(time from MySQL postiD = 22))
{
    // run myFunction with the data that is retrieved for that time ex:

    $postiD = '22';
    $name   = 'Steven';
    $description = 'Steven has an outgoing character.';

    // the above is what will be in the $_POST from the form and will be
    // sent to the myFunction()
}

我只是想根据保存到 MySQL 的时间安排一切，如我在最顶部（postDataTime 表）所示。 （我会展示我尝试过的东西，但我已经搜索了无数个小时来寻找我想要完成的示例，但我找不到任何东西并且我尝试过的东西不起作用。）。

我以为我可以使用 exec() 函数，但似乎不允许我运行函数，否则我会执行以下操作..

$time = '10:30';
if($time == time())
{
    exec(myFunction());
}

Answer 1

Cron 任务要求您预设它们运行的时间，它们不能（是的，您可以通过编辑 crontab 的脚本来破解它，但我不会说这是一个很好的主意）动态决定它们的运行时间。 这意味着您基本上有两个选择：

1) 将 cronjob 设置为每分钟运行一次，并使用您触摸的临时文件来告诉它上次运行其中一个计划任务的时间每次运行时，它都会检查在最后一个时间戳之间是否有任务要运行您的临时文件和当前时间，如果有它运行任务。 这是一个粗略但简单的解决方案。

2）不要使用cron。 创建一个守护进程，它检查任务需要运行的时间并将它们放入优先级队列，然后它弹出最早的元素并休眠直到运行该任务的时间。 它运行任务并重新插入它以在未来 24 小时内运行并重复。 这个解决方案要优雅得多，但它也需要更多的工作。

Answer 2

你有2 种方式，尽管只有一种方式会做你想做的事；

第一种方式要求您具有更改 cron-jobs 服务器端的访问权限和权限（例如通过 PHP 或其他方式）。 根据不同的操作系统有教程： Win ， Nix
第二种方式会做一些接近你想要的事情，但没有分钟精度，你每个周期最多会失去 2 分钟。 （见下面的解释）。

第一种^完美方式

一旦用户点击表单，就使用所需的数据时间为该用户创建一个独特的 cron 任务。

如果您没有这些权限，您可以使用www.easycron.com等 3d 零件服务，他们还提供有限查询的免费版本。 他们还提供了一种REST API方法来管理（CRUDE）cron 任务。

2nd Way^{不完美的方式}

添加一个新的VARCHAR列，我today用它来调用它，我们将确保该任务每天只运行一次。

——

+----+---------+----------+------------+--------+----------+
| iD | timeDay | timeHour | timeMinute | postiD |   today  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+----------+
| 1  | *       | 9        | 0          | 21     | 30-05-04 |
|----|---------|----------|------------|--------|----------+
| 2  | *       | 10       | 30         | 22     |          |
|----|---------|----------|------------|--------|----------+
| 3  | *       | 11       | 0          | 23     |          |
+----|---------+----------+------------+--------+----------+

之后创建一个 php 文件，我将其crontask.php我们将每5分钟调用一次
将此添加到您的 cronjob 面板中：
0,5 * * * * /usr/bin/php /www/virtual/username/crontask.php > /dev/null 2>&1
在crontask.php文件中

——

<?php
// include() Database Config file here with mysql_connect etc...
// include() the required files ex. the file where myFunction reside...

$cron_cycle = 5; // set it equal to what used in cron command-line
$today = date('Y-m-d');
if($result = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM postDataTime WHERE today != '{$today}'")){
    while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { 
        $postID = $row['postID'];
        $timeHour = (int) $row['timeHour'];
        $current_hours = (int) date('H'); // current hours
        $current_minutes = (int) date('i'); // current minutes
        $timeMinute = (int) $row['timeMinute'];
        // force to run at the closest cycle
        $timeMinute = ($timeMinute % $cycle === 0) ? $timeMinute : toCloser($timeMinute, $cron_cycle); 
        if( $current_hours === $timeHour && $current_minutes === $timeMinute ){
            // ensure that we have already runned a cron for this user...
            mysql_query("UPDATE postDataTime SET today = '{$today}' WHERE postID = '{$postID}'");
            myFunction($postID);
        }
    }
}
function toCloser($n,$x=5) {
    $j = (round($n)%$x === 0) ? round($n) : (round(($n+$x/2)/$x)*$x);
    return ($j-$n) >= round($x/2) ? ($j-$x) : $j;
}

?>

功能说明：

假设 cron shedule 每 5 分钟运行一次，假设我们在 20:00 点，现在 cron 将在 20:05、20:10、20:15、20:20 等运行...

然后假设在我们的数据库中我们有这些时间

Jonh  : 20:05, 
Mario : 20:32, 
luke  : 20:48, 
David : 20:57, 
Jimmy : 20:06, 
Eddy  : 20:16

当脚本检查这些时间时，它将按如下方式运行：

at 20:05 -> run 20:05 Jonh, 20:06 Jimmy
at 20:10 -> run null
at 20:15 -> run 20:16 Eddy
at 20:20 -> run null
and so on....

如您所见，在最坏的情况下，您每次会失去2 分钟。 我觉得够公平了！ ;)

Answer 3

可以设置每分钟运行一次的 cron 作业，并在触发时检查该时刻安排了哪些作业。

作为一个简单的想法，如果您愿意，可以轻松修改以推送特定脚本的运行时详细信息：-

<?php

include '/core/config.php');

// Test script to allow jobs to be set up (cron style) on a database, but with the addition that jobs can be made
// dependent on other jobs completing first.
// Currently does not support jobs being dependent on more than one parent job.
// It uses a database of 2 tables. One for servers and the other for jobs.
// The server is selected as the one that matches the value of php_uname('n') (hence this can be run on many servers accessing a single database and only executing jobs for the particular server an instance is running on)
// Time ranges are specified in the same way as on CRON jobs:-
//  *   = no restriction based on that field
//  x   = when the value of that time parameter matches x
//  /x  = every x of that field (ie, mod current of that field by x and match if result is 0)
//  x-y = when the value of that time parameter is between x and y
//  x,y = when the value of the time parameter matches x or y (or z, etc)
// The script field on the scheduling table contains the script / command to be executed. For example if a php script then it might be 'php /usr/webdata/cron_scripts/some_script.php
// Parentid is the id of a job that must have finished before the job is executed.

class scheduling extends core_class
{

    public $connections;
    private $db;

    private $year;
    private $month;
    private $day;
    private $hour;
    private $minute;
    private $second;
    private $day_of_week;
    private $background_kick_off = true;

    private $completed_jobs = array();

    function __construct($connections, $background_kick_off = true) 
    {
        parent::__construct($connections);

        $this->background_kick_off = $background_kick_off;

        $this->debug_time_start();

        $this->connections = $connections;
        $this->db = new database($connections['EO'], 'em_scheduling');
        if (!$this->db->no_error)
            $this->error('E_ERROR', $this->db->error());

        $run_date = date('Y/m/d H:i:s w');

        list($date_part, $time_part, $this->day_of_week) = explode(' ', $run_date);
        list($this->year, $this->month, $this->day) = explode('/', $date_part);
        list($this->hour, $this->minute, $this->second) = explode(':', $time_part);     

        $this->find_jobs(0);
    }

    function find_jobs($parent_id)
    {
        $sql = "SELECT a.id, a.script, a.parent_id, a.minutes, a.hours, a.day_of_month, a.months, a.day_of_week, a.script_description, COUNT(DISTINCT b.id) AS child_count
                FROM scheduling a
                ON s.id = a.server_id
                LEFT OUTER JOIN scheduling b
                ON a.id = b.parent_id
                AND b.enabled = 1
                AND (b.minutes = '*' OR FIND_IN_SET('".$this->minute."', b.minutes) OR (SUBSTR(b.minutes, 1, 1) = '/' AND (".$this->minute." % CAST(SUBSTR(b.minutes, 2) AS UNSIGNED)) = 0) OR (b.minutes LIKE '%-%' AND ".$this->minute." BETWEEN CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(b.minutes, '-', 1) AS UNSIGNED) AND CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(b.minutes, '-', -1) AS UNSIGNED)))
                AND (b.hours = '*' OR FIND_IN_SET('".$this->hour."', b.hours) OR (SUBSTR(b.hours, 1, 1) = '/' AND (".$this->hour." % CAST(SUBSTR(b.hours, 2) AS UNSIGNED)) = 0) OR (b.hours LIKE '%-%' AND ".$this->hour." BETWEEN CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(b.hours, '-', 1) AS UNSIGNED) AND CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(b.hours, '-', -1) AS UNSIGNED)))
                AND (b.months = '*' OR FIND_IN_SET('".$this->month."', b.months) OR (SUBSTR(b.months, 1, 1) = '/' AND (".$this->month." % CAST(SUBSTR(b.months, 2) AS UNSIGNED)) = 0) OR (b.months LIKE '%-%' AND ".$this->month." BETWEEN CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(b.months, '-', 1) AS UNSIGNED) AND CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(b.months, '-', -1) AS UNSIGNED)))
                AND ((b.day_of_month = '*' OR FIND_IN_SET('".$this->day."', b.day_of_month) OR (SUBSTR(b.day_of_month, 1, 1) = '/' AND (".$this->day." % CAST(SUBSTR(b.day_of_month, 2) AS UNSIGNED)) = 0) OR (b.day_of_month LIKE '%-%' AND ".$this->day." BETWEEN CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(b.day_of_month, '-', 1) AS UNSIGNED) AND CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(b.day_of_month, '-', -1) AS UNSIGNED)))
                OR (b.day_of_week = '*' OR FIND_IN_SET('".$this->day_of_week."', b.day_of_week) OR (SUBSTR(b.day_of_week, 1, 1) = '/' AND (".$this->day_of_week." % CAST(SUBSTR(b.day_of_week, 2) AS UNSIGNED)) = 0) OR (b.day_of_week LIKE '%-%' AND ".$this->day_of_week." BETWEEN CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(b.day_of_week, '-', 1) AS UNSIGNED) AND CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(b.day_of_week, '-', -1) AS UNSIGNED))))
                WHERE a.parent_id = ".(int)$parent_id."
                AND a.enabled = 1
                AND (a.minutes = '*' OR FIND_IN_SET('".$this->minute."', a.minutes) OR (SUBSTR(a.minutes, 1, 1) = '/' AND (".$this->minute." % CAST(SUBSTR(a.minutes, 2) AS UNSIGNED)) = 0) OR (a.minutes LIKE '%-%' AND ".$this->minute." BETWEEN CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(a.minutes, '-', 1) AS UNSIGNED) AND CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(a.minutes, '-', -1) AS UNSIGNED)))
                AND (a.hours = '*' OR FIND_IN_SET('".$this->hour."', a.hours) OR (SUBSTR(a.hours, 1, 1) = '/' AND (".$this->hour." % CAST(SUBSTR(a.hours, 2) AS UNSIGNED)) = 0) OR (a.hours LIKE '%-%' AND ".$this->hour." BETWEEN CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(a.hours, '-', 1) AS UNSIGNED) AND CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(a.hours, '-', -1) AS UNSIGNED)))
                AND (a.months = '*' OR FIND_IN_SET('".$this->month."', a.months) OR (SUBSTR(a.months, 1, 1) = '/' AND (".$this->month." % CAST(SUBSTR(a.months, 2) AS UNSIGNED)) = 0) OR (a.months LIKE '%-%' AND ".$this->month." BETWEEN CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(a.months, '-', 1) AS UNSIGNED) AND CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(a.months, '-', -1) AS UNSIGNED)))
                AND ((a.day_of_month = '*' OR FIND_IN_SET('".$this->day."', a.day_of_month) OR (SUBSTR(a.day_of_month, 1, 1) = '/' AND (".$this->day." % CAST(SUBSTR(a.day_of_month, 2) AS UNSIGNED)) = 0) OR (a.day_of_month LIKE '%-%' AND ".$this->day." BETWEEN CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(a.day_of_month, '-', 1) AS UNSIGNED) AND CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(a.day_of_month, '-', -1) AS UNSIGNED)))
                OR (a.day_of_week = '*' OR FIND_IN_SET('".$this->day_of_week."', a.day_of_week) OR (SUBSTR(a.day_of_week, 1, 1) = '/' AND (".$this->day_of_week." % CAST(SUBSTR(a.day_of_week, 2) AS UNSIGNED)) = 0) OR (a.day_of_week LIKE '%-%' AND ".$this->day_of_week." BETWEEN CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(a.day_of_week, '-', 1) AS UNSIGNED) AND CAST(SUBSTRING_INDEX(a.day_of_week, '-', -1) AS UNSIGNED))))
                GROUP BY a.id, a.script, a.parent_id, a.minutes, a.hours, a.day_of_month, a.months, a.day_of_week
                ORDER BY child_count
                ";

        //echo "\r\n $sql \r\n";

        $this->db->query($sql) or die($this->db->error());

        $process_array = array();

        while ($row = $this->db->fetch_assoc())
        {
            $process_array[] = $row;
        }   

        foreach($process_array as $aProcess)
        {
            if ($this->background_kick_off and $aProcess['child_count'] == 0)
            {
                // No jobs to follow so just kick them off as a background task
                $this->launchBackgroundProcess($aProcess['script']);
                $completed_jobs[$aProcess['id']] = $aProcess['script_description'];
            }
            else
            {
                passthru($aProcess['script'].'', $return_var);
                if ($return_var == 0)
                {
                    $completed_jobs[$aProcess['id']] = $aProcess['script_description'];
                    $this->find_jobs($aProcess['id']);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private function launchBackgroundProcess($call) 
    {

        // Windows
        if($this->is_windows())
        {
            pclose(popen('start /b '.$call, 'r'));
        }

        // Some sort of UNIX
        else 
        {
            pclose(popen($call.' /dev/null &', 'r'));
        }
        return true;
    }

    private function is_windows()
    {
        if(PHP_OS == 'WINNT' || PHP_OS == 'WIN32')
        {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

$Scheduling = new scheduling($connections, true);

?>

像这样的表格：-

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `scheduling` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `enabled` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1',
  `script` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `parent_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `minutes` varchar(5) DEFAULT NULL,
  `hours` varchar(5) DEFAULT NULL,
  `day_of_month` varchar(5) DEFAULT NULL,
  `months` varchar(5) DEFAULT NULL,
  `day_of_week` varchar(5) DEFAULT NULL,
  `script_description` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `parent_id` (`server_id`,`parent_id`,`enabled`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM  DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=15 ;

--
-- Dumping data for table `scheduling`
--

INSERT INTO `scheduling` (`id`,  `enabled`, `script`, `parent_id`, `minutes`, `hours`, `day_of_month`, `months`, `day_of_week`, `script_description`) VALUES
(1, 1, 'php download.php', 0, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', 'Download files'),
(2, 1, 'php load_data.php', 1, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', 'Load files to database'),
(3, 1, 'php file_test.php', 1, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', NULL),
(4, 1, 'php file_test.php', 1, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', NULL),
(5, 1, 'php file_test.php', 1, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', NULL),
(6, 1, 'php file_test.php', 1, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', NULL),
(7, 1, 'php file_test.php', 1, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', NULL),
(8, 1, 'php file_test.php', 1, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', NULL),
(9, 1, 'php file_test.php', 1, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', NULL),
(10, 1, 'php file_test.php', 1, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', NULL),
(11, 1, 'php file_test.php', 1, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', NULL),
(12, 1, 'php file_test.php', 1, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', NULL),
(13, 1, 'php file_test.php', 1, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', NULL),
(14, 1, 'php file_test.php', 1, '*', '*', '*', '*', '*', NULL);

Answer 4

我建议您通过包装脚本动态创建 Cron 条目，该脚本将 cron 条目配置为在您真正希望它运行时运行您的特定功能。

对于您的具体情况，以下是我的建议：

创建一个包装脚本并在 Cron 中安排它每秒运行一次。
这个包装器脚本将与 MySQL 对话并获取运行特定函数的时间。
然后它将动态创建一个 Cron 条目以在该特定检索的时间戳运行该函数。 您可以使用 shell 脚本动态添加和删除 Cron 条目。 详情请参阅以下参考资料。
一旦您的功能完成，应该有一些指示，例如存储在您的数据库或某个文件中的状态，以便包装器可以获取/知道状态并删除相应的 cron 条目。

参考
1. 使用 Bash 创建 Cron
crontab -l | { cat; echo "0 0 0 0 0 some entry"; } | crontab -
2.删除/自动化 Cron
crontab -l -u | grep -v <unique command> | crontab -

Answer 5

使用 nodeJS，使用node-schedule解决了这个问题：

启动自定义作业：

  const campaignId = "MY_CUSTOM_ID"
  let job = schedule.scheduleJob(campaignId, '* * * * * *', function () {
    console.log('running campaign: ' + campaignId)
  })

停止自定义作业：

  const campaignId = "MY_CUSTOM_ID"
  let current_job = schedule.scheduledJobs[campaignId]
  current_job.cancel()

Answer 6

如果我理解正确，我认为这样的事情可能对你有用，使用小时作为你想要运行的功能的键，在一个 cron 设置为每两个小时运行一次：

$listArray = Array(8=>"list1_function",10=>"list2_function");//etc...
$hour = Date("G");

if(array_key_exists($hour,$listArray))
{
    $listArray[$hour]();
}

function list1_function()
{
     echo "do list 1 stuff";
}

function list2_function()
{
     echo "do list 2 stuff";
 }

如何使用cron作业安排动态功能？

问题描述

编辑

6 个解决方案

解决方案1
4 2014-05-24 06:26:19

解决方案2
3 已采纳 2014-05-30 21:23:42

第一种^完美方式

2nd Way^{不完美的方式}

功能说明：

解决方案3
2 2014-05-27 11:51:52

解决方案4
2 2014-05-30 19:26:42

解决方案5
0 2020-09-16 00:25:33

解决方案6
-2 2014-05-22 02:31:50

如何使用cron作业安排动态功能？

问题描述

编辑

6 个解决方案

解决方案1 4 2014-05-24 06:26:19

解决方案2 3 已采纳 2014-05-30 21:23:42

第一种完美方式

2nd Way不完美的方式

功能说明：

解决方案3 2 2014-05-27 11:51:52

解决方案4 2 2014-05-30 19:26:42

解决方案5 0 2020-09-16 00:25:33

解决方案6 -2 2014-05-22 02:31:50

解决方案1
4 2014-05-24 06:26:19

解决方案2
3 已采纳 2014-05-30 21:23:42

第一种^完美方式

2nd Way^{不完美的方式}

解决方案3
2 2014-05-27 11:51:52

解决方案4
2 2014-05-30 19:26:42

解决方案5
0 2020-09-16 00:25:33

解决方案6
-2 2014-05-22 02:31:50