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如何在Java中使用BufferedImage更改模拟时钟的表盘

[英]How to Change the Clockface of an Analog Clock Using BufferedImage in Java

 原文  2014-11-03 20:09:24  3   2    java/ arrays/ swing/ bufferedimage/ clock

问题描述

我正在尝试修改使用BufferedImage实现模拟时钟的Java代码。 我希望当用户单击一个按钮滚动浏览一个预先加载了图像位置的数组的按钮时，动态改变时钟的面。 到目前为止，我的尝试失败了。 我有两节课； 第一类创建并显示模拟时钟，第二类尝试使用更改器（setAnalogClockFace（））和访问器（getAnalogClockFace（））更改模拟时钟的面。 以下是此处找到的第一个类的代码，并进行了一些小修改： 

package panels;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Clock extends JPanel{
/**
 * 
 */
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private int hours = 0;
private int minutes = 0;
private int seconds = 0;
private int millis = 0;
private static final int spacing = 10;
private static final float threePi = (float)(3.0 * Math.PI);
private static final float radPerSecMin = (float)(Math.PI/30.0);
private int size; //height and width of clockface
private int centerX;//X coord of middle of clock
private int centerY;//Y coord of middle of clock
private BufferedImage clockImage;
private BufferedImage imageToUse;
private javax.swing.Timer t;

public Clock(){
    this.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(203,203));
    this.setBackground(getBackground());
    this.setForeground(Color.darkGray);

    t = new javax.swing.Timer(1000, new ActionListener(){
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae){
            update();
        }
    });
}

public void update(){
    this.repaint();
}

public void start(){
    t.start();
}

public void stop(){
    t.stop();
}

public void paintComponent(Graphics g){
    super.paintComponent(g);
    Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)g;
    g2d.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, 
                                RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);

    int w = getWidth();
    int h = getHeight();
    size = ((w < h) ? w : h) - 2 * spacing;

    centerX = size/2 + spacing;
    centerY = size/2 + spacing;

    setClockFace(new AnalogClockTimer().getAnalogClockFace());
    clockImage = getClockFace();

    if (clockImage == null | clockImage.getWidth() != w | clockImage.getHeight() != h){
        clockImage = (BufferedImage)(this.createImage(w,h));
        Graphics2D gc = clockImage.createGraphics();
        gc.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, 
                                RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);

        drawClockFace(gc);
    }


    Calendar now = Calendar.getInstance();
    hours = now.get(Calendar.HOUR);
    minutes = now.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
    seconds = now.get(Calendar.SECOND);
    millis = now.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND);

    g2d.drawImage(clockImage, null, 0, 0);
    drawClockHands(g);
}

private void drawClockHands(Graphics g){
    int secondRadius = size/2;
    int minuteRadius = secondRadius * 3/4;
    int hourRadius = secondRadius/2;

    float fseconds = seconds + (float)millis/1000;
    float secondAngle = threePi - (radPerSecMin * fseconds);

    drawRadius(g, centerX, centerY, secondAngle, 0, secondRadius);

    float fminutes = (float)(minutes + fseconds/60.0);
    float minuteAngle = threePi - (radPerSecMin * fminutes);

    drawRadius(g, centerX, centerY, minuteAngle, 0 , minuteRadius);

    float fhours = (float)(hours + fminutes/60.0);
    float hourAngle = threePi - (5 * radPerSecMin * fhours);

    drawRadius(g, centerX, centerY, hourAngle, 0 ,hourRadius);
}

private void drawClockFace(Graphics g){
    //g.setColor(Color.lightGray);
    g.fillOval(spacing, spacing, size, size);
    //g.setColor(new Color(168,168,168));
    g.drawOval(spacing, spacing, size, size);

    for(int sec = 0; sec < 60; sec++){
        int tickStart;

        if(sec%5 == 0){
            tickStart = size/2-10;
        }else{
            tickStart = size/2-5;
        }

        drawRadius(g, centerX, centerY, radPerSecMin * sec, tickStart, size/2);
    }
}

private void drawRadius(Graphics g, int x, int y, double angle,
        int minRadius, int maxRadius){
    float sine = (float)Math.sin(angle);
    float cosine = (float)Math.cos(angle);

    int dxmin = (int)(minRadius * sine);
    int dymin = (int)(minRadius * cosine);

    int dxmax = (int)(maxRadius * sine);
    int dymax = (int)(maxRadius * cosine);

    g.drawLine(x+dxmin, y+dymin, x+dxmax,y+dymax);
}

public void setClockFace(BufferedImage img){
    if(img != null){
        imageToUse = img;
    }else{
        try{
            imageToUse =  
ImageIO.read(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("http://imgur.com/T8x0I29"));
        }catch(IOException io){
            io.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

public BufferedImage getClockFace(){
    return imageToUse;
}

}

尝试设置时钟面的第二个类是： 

package panels;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import panels.Clock;


public class AnalogClockTimer extends javax.swing.JPanel implements ActionListener,  
MouseListener {
private Clock clock;
/**
 * 
 */
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private JButton prevBtn;
private JTextField clockFaceCount;
private JButton nextBtn;
private JPanel buttonedPanel,leftPanel,rightPanel;
private BufferedImage image;

String[] clockFace;
int arrayPointer = 1;


/**
* Auto-generated main method to display this 
* JPanel inside a new JFrame.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
    JFrame frame = new JFrame();
    frame.getContentPane().add(new AnalogClockTimer());
    frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    frame.pack();
    frame.setVisible(true);
}

public AnalogClockTimer() {
    super();
    initGUI();
}

private void initGUI() {
    try {
        BorderLayout thisLayout = new BorderLayout();
        this.setLayout(thisLayout);
        this.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(283, 233));
        this.setBackground(getBackground());

        {
            clock = new Clock();
            add(clock,BorderLayout.CENTER);
            clock.start();
            clock.setSize(203, 203);
        }
        {
            buttonedPanel = new JPanel();
            FlowLayout buttonedPanelLayout = new FlowLayout();
            buttonedPanel.setLayout(buttonedPanelLayout);
            this.add(buttonedPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
            buttonedPanel.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(283, 30));
            {
                prevBtn = new JButton(new ImageIcon(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("icons/settings_left_rest.png")));
                prevBtn.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(20, 19));
                prevBtn.setBackground(getBackground());
                prevBtn.setBorderPainted(false);
                prevBtn.setEnabled(false);
                prevBtn.addMouseListener(this);
                prevBtn.addActionListener(this);
                buttonedPanel.add(prevBtn);
            }
            {
                nextBtn = new JButton(new ImageIcon(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("icons/settings_right_rest.png")));
                nextBtn.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(20, 19));
                nextBtn.setBackground(getBackground());
                nextBtn.setBorderPainted(false);
                nextBtn.addMouseListener(this);
                nextBtn.addActionListener(this);
            }
            {
                clockFaceCount = new JTextField();
                clockFaceCount.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(50, 19));
                clockFaceCount.setBackground(getBackground());
                clockFaceCount.setBorder(null);
                clockFaceCount.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
                clockFaceCount.setEditable(false);
                buttonedPanel.add(clockFaceCount);

                buttonedPanel.add(nextBtn);
            }
            {
                clockFace = new String[]{"http://imgur.com/079QSdJ","http://imgur.com/vQ7tZjI",
                        "http://imgur.com/T8x0I29"};

                for(int i = 1; i <= clockFace.length; i++){

                    if(i == 1){
                        nextBtn.setEnabled(true);
                        prevBtn.setEnabled(false);
                    }
                    clockFaceCount.setText(arrayPointer+" of "+clockFace.length);
                }
            }
            {
                leftPanel = new JPanel();
                leftPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(40, getHeight()));
                add(leftPanel,BorderLayout.WEST);
            }
            {
                rightPanel = new JPanel();
                rightPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(40,getHeight()));
                add(rightPanel,BorderLayout.EAST);
            }
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

@Override
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent me) {
    if(me.getSource() == prevBtn)
        prevBtn.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("icons/settings_left_pressed.png")));
    else
        nextBtn.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("icons/settings_right_pressed.png")));
}

@Override
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent me) {
    if(me.getSource()==prevBtn)
        prevBtn.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("icons/settings_left_hover.png")));
    else
        nextBtn.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("icons/settings_right_hover.png")));
}

@Override
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent me) {
    if(me.getSource() == prevBtn)
        prevBtn.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("icons/settings_left_rest.png")));
    else
        nextBtn.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("icons/settings_right_rest.png")));

}

@Override
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent me) {
    if(me.getSource() == prevBtn){
        prevBtn.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("icons/settings_left_pressed.png")));
    }else{
        nextBtn.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("icons/settings_right_pressed.png")));
    }
}

@Override
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent me) {
    if(me.getSource() == prevBtn)
        prevBtn.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("icons/settings_left_hover.png")));
    else
        nextBtn.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("icons/settings_right_hover.png")));

}

@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
    if(ae.getSource() == nextBtn){
        {
            if(arrayPointer < clockFace.length){
                ++arrayPointer;
                prevBtn.setEnabled(true);

                if(arrayPointer == clockFace.length)
                    nextBtn.setEnabled(false);
            }

            clockFaceCount.setText(arrayPointer + " of " + clockFace.length);
            setAnalogClockFace(arrayPointer);
        }
    }else if(ae.getSource() == prevBtn){
        {
            if(arrayPointer > 1){
                --arrayPointer;
                nextBtn.setEnabled(true);

                if(arrayPointer == 1){
                    clockFaceCount.setText(arrayPointer+" of "+clockFace.length);
                    prevBtn.setEnabled(false);
                }
            }
            clockFaceCount.setText(arrayPointer + " of "+clockFace.length);
            setAnalogClockFace(arrayPointer);
        }
    }

}

private void setAnalogClockFace(int pointerPosition) {
    try{
        image = ImageIO.read(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(clockFace[pointerPosition]));
    }catch(IOException io){
        io.printStackTrace();
    }
}

public BufferedImage getAnalogClockFace(){
    return image;
}

}

我已经为此工作了好几天，有人可以帮我了解做错了什么吗？ 任何帮助将不胜感激。

这是使用JLabel达到相同结果的MCVE： 

package panels;

import java.awt.Dimension;

import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JTextField;

import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;

@SuppressWarnings({"serial"})
public class ClockPanel extends javax.swing.JPanel implements ActionListener {
private JLabel clockImageLabel;
private JPanel buttonsPanel;
private JButton next,prev;
private JTextField displayCount;

String[] imageFaces;
int pointer = 1;
/**
* Auto-generated main method to display this 
* JPanel inside a new JFrame.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
    JFrame frame = new JFrame();
    frame.getContentPane().add(new ClockPanel());
    frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
    frame.pack();
    frame.setVisible(true);
}

public ClockPanel() {
    super();
    initGUI();
}

private void initGUI() {
    try {
        setPreferredSize(new Dimension(203, 237));
        BorderLayout panelLayout = new BorderLayout();
        setLayout(panelLayout);

        {
            clockImageLabel = new JLabel();
            clockImageLabel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(203,203));
            clockImageLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
            clockImageLabel.setVerticalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
            add(clockImageLabel,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        }
        {
            buttonsPanel = new JPanel();

            {
                next = new JButton(">");
                next.addActionListener(this);
            }
            {
                prev = new JButton("<");
                prev.addActionListener(this);

                displayCount = new JTextField();
                displayCount.setBorder(null);
                displayCount.setEditable(false);
                displayCount.setBackground(getBackground());
                displayCount.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
                buttonsPanel.add(prev);
                buttonsPanel.add(displayCount);
                displayCount.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(45, 23));
                buttonsPanel.add(next);

                add(buttonsPanel,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
            }
            {
                imageFaces = new String[]{"http://imgur.com/T8x0I29",
                        "http://imgur.com/079QSdJ","http://imgur.com/vQ7tZjI"
                };

                for(int i = 1; i < imageFaces.length; i++){
                    if(i == 1){
                        next.setEnabled(true);
                        prev.setEnabled(false);
                    }
                    displayCount.setText(pointer+" of "+imageFaces.length);
                    setLabelImage(pointer);
                }
            }
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

private void setLabelImage(int pointerPosition){
    clockImageLabel.setIcon(new ImageIcon(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(imageFaces[pointerPosition])));
    this.repaint();
}

@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
    if(ae.getSource() == next){
            if(pointer < imageFaces.length){
                ++pointer;
                prev.setEnabled(true);

                if(pointer == imageFaces.length)next.setEnabled(false);

                displayCount.setText(pointer+" of "+imageFaces.length);
                setLabelImage(pointer);
            }
    }else if(ae.getSource() == prev){
        if(pointer > 1){
            --pointer;
            next.setEnabled(true);

            if(pointer == 1)prev.setEnabled(false);

            displayCount.setText(pointer+" of "+imageFaces.length);
            setLabelImage(pointer);
        }
    }
}

}

这是代码的1/2图片： HandlessAnalogClock 1 HandlessAnalogClock 2 HandlessAnalogClock 3

2 个解决方案

解决方案1
 3  2014-11-07 01:32:50

此MCVE将成功在三个图像中的两个之间切换，但仍然存在ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException问题。

最后一部分是“不包括电池”（作为练习供用户纠正）。 

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.net.URL;

@SuppressWarnings({"serial"})
public class ClockPanel extends JPanel implements ActionListener {

    private JLabel clockImageLabel;
    private JPanel buttonsPanel;
    private JButton next, prev;
    private JTextField displayCount;

    BufferedImage[] images;
    int pointer = 1;

    /**
     * Auto-generated main method to display this JPanel inside a new JFrame.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        frame.getContentPane().add(new ClockPanel());
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    public ClockPanel() {
        super();
        initGUI();
    }

    private void initGUI() {
        try {
            setPreferredSize(new Dimension(203, 237));
            BorderLayout panelLayout = new BorderLayout();
            setLayout(panelLayout);

            clockImageLabel = new JLabel();
            clockImageLabel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(203, 203));
            clockImageLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
            clockImageLabel.setVerticalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
            add(clockImageLabel, BorderLayout.NORTH);

            buttonsPanel = new JPanel();

            next = new JButton(">");
            next.addActionListener(this);

            prev = new JButton("<");
            prev.addActionListener(this);

            displayCount = new JTextField();
            displayCount.setBorder(null);
            displayCount.setEditable(false);
            displayCount.setBackground(getBackground());
            displayCount.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
            buttonsPanel.add(prev);
            buttonsPanel.add(displayCount);
            displayCount.setPreferredSize(new java.awt.Dimension(45, 23));
            buttonsPanel.add(next);

            add(buttonsPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

            String[] imageFaces = new String[]{
                "http://i.imgur.com/T8x0I29.png",
                "http://i.imgur.com/079QSdJ.png",
                "http://i.imgur.com/vQ7tZjI.png"
            };
            images = new BufferedImage[imageFaces.length];
            for (int ii=0; ii<imageFaces.length; ii++) {
                System.out.println("loading image: " + ii);
                images[ii] = ImageIO.read(new URL(imageFaces[ii]));
                System.out.println("loaded image: " + images[ii]);
            }
            setLabelImage(0);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void setLabelImage(int pointerPosition) {
        System.out.println("setLabelImage: " + pointerPosition);
        clockImageLabel.setIcon(new ImageIcon(images[pointerPosition]));
        this.repaint();
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
        if (ae.getSource() == next) {
            if (pointer < images.length) {
                ++pointer;
                prev.setEnabled(true);

                if (pointer == images.length) {
                    next.setEnabled(false);
                }

                displayCount.setText(pointer + " of " + images.length);
                setLabelImage(pointer);
            }
        } else if (ae.getSource() == prev) {
            if (pointer > 1) {
                --pointer;
                next.setEnabled(true);

                if (pointer == 1) {
                    prev.setEnabled(false);
                }

                displayCount.setText(pointer + " of " + images.length);
                setLabelImage(pointer);
            }
        }
    }
}

解决方案2
 3  2014-11-07 12:36:36

扩大对@ 安德鲁的例子 ，考虑安排当前图像的索引环绕式 ，如图中举的例子在这里 。 

private int pointer = 0;
...
private void initGUI() {
    ...
    setLabelImage(pointer);
    ...
}

private void setLabelImage(int pointerPosition) {
    System.out.println("setLabelImage: " + pointerPosition);
    clockImageLabel.setIcon(new ImageIcon(images[pointerPosition]));
    displayCount.setText((pointerPosition + 1) + " of " + images.length);
    this.repaint();
}

@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {
    if (ae.getSource() == next) {
        pointer++;
        if (pointer >= images.length) {
            pointer = 0;
        }
    } else if (ae.getSource() == prev) {
        pointer--;
        if (pointer < 0) {
            pointer = images.length - 1;
        }
    }
    setLabelImage(pointer);
}

作为练习，尝试通过在initGUI()创建List<ImageIcon>来initGUI() setLabelImage()中ImageIcon的重复实例化。

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