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为什么“go run”命令在主包中找不到第二个文件?

[英]Why does the “go run” command fail to find a second file in the main package?

我遇到了go run main.go产生错误的问题:

# command-line-arguments
./main.go:9: undefined: test

但是命令go build && ./goruntest编译并运行程序就好了。

输出是:

你好来自测试()

您好来自 sameFileTest()

你好来自 pkgtest.Test()

你好来自 pkgtest.Test1()

我的目录设置如下:

go/src/github.com/username/goruntest/
    pkgtest/
        pkgtest.go
        pkgtest1.go
    main.go
    test2.go

这是代码。

main.go

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/username/goruntest/pkgtest"
)

func main() {
    fmt.Println(test())           // main.go:9
    fmt.Println(sameFileTest())
    fmt.Println(pkgtest.Test())
    fmt.Println(pkgtest.Test1())
}

func sameFileTest() string {
    return "Hi from sameFileTest()"
}

gotest1.go

package main

func test() string {
    return "Hi from test()"
}

pkgtest/pkgtest.go

package pkgtest

func Test() string {
    return "Hi from pkgtest.Test()"
}

pkgtest/pkgtest1.go

package pkgtest

func Test1() string {
    return "Hi from pkgtest.Test1()"
}

我知道问题是第二个文件作为package main一部分,我也明白没有真正的理由在main有第二个文件。

我的问题是:为什么go run无法处理此设置,但构建和运行可执行文件却能正常工作?

编辑

pkgtest包含第二个文件

我也明白命令go run main.go gotest1.go有效,但为什么我需要指定gotest1.go

为了简洁起见,我最初省略了这些细节。 但现在我看到它们对这个问题很重要。

尝试提供所有相关文件以go run

$ go help run
usage: go run [build flags] [-exec xprog] gofiles... [arguments...]

Run compiles and runs the main package comprising the named Go source files.
A Go source file is defined to be a file ending in a literal ".go" suffix.

我想在这里分享一些有用的资源以供参考,这是我从另一个类似的已删除帖子中学到的。 它看起来像一个简单的命令,但您可能并不完全了解它。

  1. 如果您提供go run的源文件列表,则您正在创建单个合成包,并且会忽略构建约束。 因此,与其列出 go 文件,不如使用导入路径或文件系统路径,例如go run . . 使用go help packages检查它:
As a special case, if the package list is a list of .go files from a
single directory, the command is applied to a single synthesized
package made up of exactly those files, ignoring any build constraints
in those files and ignoring any other files in the directory.
  1. 可执行目标以第一个源文件命名。 此处(第 80 行和第 125 行)和此处(第 2506 行)检查go run命令的实现:
// GoFilesPackage creates a package for building a collection of Go files
// (typically named on the command line). The target is named p.a for
// package p or named after the first Go file for package main.
func GoFilesPackage(ctx context.Context, gofiles []string) *Package {
...
  1. 为避免包初始化期间的潜在问题,建议您按词法文件名顺序提供 go 文件列表。 规格中检查它:
The declaration order of variables declared in multiple files is determined by the order in which the files are presented to the compiler: Variables declared in the first file are declared before any of the variables declared in the second file, and so on.
...
A package with no imports is initialized by assigning initial values to all its package-level variables followed by calling all init functions in the order they appear in the source, possibly in multiple files, as presented to the compiler.
...
To ensure reproducible initialization behavior, build systems are encouraged to present multiple files belonging to the same package in lexical file name order to a compiler. 
  1. 有关于go run历史讨论,请在此处此处查看

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