如何使用 jdbc 将数据从 postgresql 导出到 .csv 文件？

Question

我想按日期导出表中的数据，所以我使用jdbc编写了一个java程序。

  public void exportData(Connection conn,String filename) {

        Statement stmt;
        String query;
        try {
            stmt = conn.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE,
                    ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE); 

            SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat ("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
            Date startDate = dateFormat.parse("2014-08-21 00:00:00");
            Date endDate = dateFormat.parse("2014-08-22 00:00:00");

            Calendar startCalendar = Calendar.getInstance();
            startCalendar.setTime(startDate);

            Calendar endCalendar = Calendar.getInstance();
            endCalendar.setTime(endDate);

            Calendar thisDayCalendar = startCalendar;

            while(!thisDayCalendar.after(endCalendar)){
                Date thisDayDate = thisDayCalendar.getTime();
                thisDayCalendar.add(Calendar.DATE, 1);
                Date nextDayDate = thisDayCalendar.getTime();

                String thisDayString = dateFormat.format(thisDayDate);
                String nextDayString = dateFormat.format(nextDayDate);

                SimpleDateFormat dateFormat1 = new SimpleDateFormat ("yyyy-MM-dd");
                String fileDateString = dateFormat1.format(thisDayDate);

                //For comma separated file
                query ="COPY (SELECT * FROM signals WHERE date_time >= '" + thisDayString + 
                        "' AND date_time < '" +nextDayString + "' ) TO " +filename + fileDateString + ".csv  delimiter ','";

                stmt.executeQuery(query);  
            //System.out.println(query);

            }

        } catch(Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            stmt = null;
        }
    }

这个程序在服务器上运行，而数据库是另一个服务器，我在这个程序中连接到数据库。

org.postgresql.util.PSQLException: ERROR: must be superuser to COPY to or from a file
  Hint: Anyone can COPY to stdout or from stdin. psql's \copy command also works for anyone.
        at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.receiveErrorResponse(QueryExecutorImpl.java:2161)
        at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.processResults(QueryExecutorImpl.java:1890)
        at org.postgresql.core.v3.QueryExecutorImpl.execute(QueryExecutorImpl.java:255)
        at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.execute(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:560)
        at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.executeWithFlags(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:403)
        at org.postgresql.jdbc2.AbstractJdbc2Statement.executeQuery(AbstractJdbc2Statement.java:283)
        at DBase.exportData(ExportSignal.java:85)
        at ExportSignal.main(ExportSignal.java:23)

我在网上搜索了解决方案并尝试使用 psql '\\copy' 命令，但是在编译时，另一个错误说 '\\' 在 java 中是无效的转义字符，所以我写了“双斜杠 COPY”，它在运行程序时出现语法错误。

query ="\COPY (SELECT * FROM signals WHERE date_time >= '" + thisDayString + 
                            "' AND date_time < '" +nextDayString + "' ) TO " +filename + fileDateString + ".csv  delimiter ','";

有谁知道如何使程序执行或解决“\\copy”中转义符无效的问题？

Answer 1

我建议为此使用CopyManager 。

Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
CopyManager copyManager = new CopyManager((BaseConnection) connection);
File file = new File("/tmp/output.csv");
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);

//and finally execute the COPY command to the file with this method:
copyManager.copyOut("COPY (" + query + ") TO STDOUT WITH (FORMAT CSV, HEADER)", fileOutputStream);

此方法不需要您是超级用户，并且会将输出文本正确格式化为 CSV

Answer 2

错误显示ERROR: must be superuser to COPY to or from a file

当前用户似乎没有足够的权限来写入文件。 为用户提供写入位置的权限或从具有足够权限写入文件的用户帐户执行程序。