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如何从字符串内容中删除一些特殊单词?

[英]How remove some special words from a string content?

我有一个包含了表情符号图标,如一些代码字符串:grinning::kissing_heart::bouquet: 我想处理它们以删除表情符号代码。

例如,给定:

你好:咧嘴笑:你好吗?:kissing_heart:你还好吗?:花束:

我想得到这个:

你好,你好吗? 你还好吗?

我知道我可以使用这段代码:

richTextBox2.Text = richTextBox1.Text.Replace(":kissing_heart:", "").Replace(":bouquet:", "").Replace(":grinning:", "").ToString();

但是,我必须删除856个不同的表情符号图标(使用此方法,将需要856次调用Replace() )。 有没有其他方法可以实现这一目标?

您可以使用正则表达式匹配:anything:之间的单词:anything: 使用Replace功能,您可以进行其他验证。

string pattern = @":(.*?):";
string input = "Hello:grinning: , how are you?:kissing_heart: Are you fine?:bouquet: Are you super fan, for example. :words not to replace:";
string output = Regex.Replace(input, pattern, (m) =>
{
    if (m.ToString().Split(' ').Count() > 1) // more than 1 word and other validations that will help preventing parsing the user text
    {
        return m.ToString();
    }
    return String.Empty;
}); // "Hello , how are you? Are you fine? Are you super fan, for example. :words not to replace:"

如果您不想使用使用lambda表达式的Replace ,则可以使用\\w ,如@ yorye-nathan所述,仅匹配单词。

string pattern = @":(\w*):";
string input = "Hello:grinning: , how are you?:kissing_heart: Are you fine?:bouquet: Are you super fan, for example. :words not to replace:";
string output = Regex.Replace(input, pattern, String.Empty); // "Hello , how are you? Are you fine? Are you super fan, for example. :words not to replace:"
string Text = "Hello:grinning: , how are you?:kissing_heart: Are you fine?:bouquet:";

我会这样解决的

List<string> Emoj = new List<string>() { ":kissing_heart:", ":bouquet:", ":grinning:" };
Emoj.ForEach(x => Text = Text.Replace(x, string.Empty));

更新 - 参考详细信息的评论

另一种方法:只替换现有的Emojs

List<string> Emoj = new List<string>() { ":kissing_heart:", ":bouquet:", ":grinning:" };
var Matches = Regex.Matches(Text, @":(\w*):").Cast<Match>().Select(x => x.Value);
Emoj.Intersect(Matches).ToList().ForEach(x => Text = Text.Replace(x, string.Empty));

但我不确定这种短聊天字符串是否存在巨大差异,而且拥有易于阅读/维护的代码更为重要。 OP的问题是关于减少冗余Text.Replace().Text.Replace()而不是最有效的解决方案。

我会结合使用已经建议的一些技术。 首先,我将800多个表情符号字符串存储在数据库中,然后在运行时加载它们。 使用HashSet将它们存储在内存中,这样我们就有了O(1)查找时间(非常快)。 使用正则表达式从输入中提取所有可能的模式匹配,然后将每个模式匹配与我们的哈希表情符号进行比较,删除有效的表情符号并保留用户自己输入的任何非表情符号模式...

public class Program
{
    //hashset for in memory representation of emoji,
    //lookups are O(1), so very fast
    private HashSet<string> _emoji = null;

    public Program(IEnumerable<string> emojiFromDb)
    {
        //load emoji from datastore (db/file,etc)
        //into memory at startup
        _emoji = new HashSet<string>(emojiFromDb);
    }

    public string RemoveEmoji(string input)
    {
        //pattern to search for
        string pattern = @":(\w*):";
        string output = input;

        //use regex to find all potential patterns in the input
        MatchCollection matches = Regex.Matches(input, pattern);

        //only do this if we actually find the 
        //pattern in the input string...
        if (matches.Count > 0)
        {
            //refine this to a distinct list of unique patterns 
            IEnumerable<string> distinct = 
                matches.Cast<Match>().Select(m => m.Value).Distinct();

            //then check each one against the hashset, only removing
            //registered emoji. This allows non-emoji versions 
            //of the pattern to survive...
            foreach (string match in distinct)
                if (_emoji.Contains(match))
                    output = output.Replace(match, string.Empty);
        }

        return output;
    }
}

public class MainClass
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var program = new Program(new string[] { ":grinning:", ":kissing_heart:", ":bouquet:" });
        string output = program.RemoveEmoji("Hello:grinning: :imadethis:, how are you?:kissing_heart: Are you fine?:bouquet: This is:a:strange:thing :to type:, but valid :nonetheless:");
        Console.WriteLine(output);
    }
}

结果如下:

你好:imadethis:你好吗? 你还好吗? 这是:a:奇怪的:东西:输入:,但有效:尽管如此:

您不必更换所有856表情符号。 您只需要替换字符串中出现的那些。 所以看看:

使用带有扭曲的C#查找子字符串

基本上你提取所有标记,即:和:之间的字符串,然后用string.Empty()替换它们

如果您担心搜索将返回非emojis的字符串,例如:其他一些文本:那么您可以进行哈希表查找以确保替换所述找到的令牌是合适的。

终于到处写了一些东西。 我正在结合前面提到的几个想法,事实上我们应该只循环一次字符串。 基于这些要求,这听起来像是Linq的完美工作。

您应该缓存HashSet 除此之外,这具有O(n)性能,并且仅在列表上进行一次。 对基准测试很有意思,但这很可能是最有效的解决方案。

这种方法非常简单。

  • 首先在HashSet加载所有Emoij,以便我们快速查找它们。
  • 使用input.Split(':')拆分字符串:
  • 决定我们是否保留当前元素。
    • 如果最后一个元素匹配,则保留当前元素。
    • 如果最后一个元素不匹配,请检查当前元素是否匹配。
      • 如果是,请忽略它。 (这有效地从输出中删除了子串)。
      • 如果没有,请追加:返回并保留。
  • 使用StringBuilder重建我们的字符串。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    static class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ISet<string> emojiList = new HashSet<string>(new[] { "kissing_heart", "bouquet", "grinning" });

            Console.WriteLine("Hello:grinning: , ho:w: a::re you?:kissing_heart:kissing_heart: Are you fine?:bouquet:".RemoveEmoji(':', emojiList));
            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        public static string RemoveEmoji(this string input, char delimiter, ISet<string> emojiList)
        {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            input.Split(delimiter).Aggregate(true, (prev, curr) =>
            {
                if (prev)
                {
                    sb.Append(curr);
                    return false;
                }
                if (emojiList.Contains(curr))
                {
                    return true;
                }
                sb.Append(delimiter);
                sb.Append(curr);
                return false;
            });
            return sb.ToString();
        }
    }
}

编辑:我使用Rx库做了一些很酷的事情,但随后实现了Aggregate是Rx中ScanIEnumerable对应物,从而进一步简化了代码。

如果要考虑效率并避免处理“误报”,请考虑使用StringBuilder重写字符串,同时跳过特殊的表情符号标记:

static HashSet<string> emojis = new HashSet<string>()
{
    "grinning",
    "kissing_heart",
    "bouquet"
};

static string RemoveEmojis(string input)
{
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

    int length = input.Length;
    int startIndex = 0;
    int colonIndex = input.IndexOf(':');

    while (colonIndex >= 0 && startIndex < length)
    {
        //Keep normal text
        int substringLength = colonIndex - startIndex;
        if (substringLength > 0)
            sb.Append(input.Substring(startIndex, substringLength));

        //Advance the feed and get the next colon
        startIndex = colonIndex + 1;
        colonIndex = input.IndexOf(':', startIndex);

        if (colonIndex < 0) //No more colons, so no more emojis
        {
            //Don't forget that first colon we found
            sb.Append(':');
            //Add the rest of the text
            sb.Append(input.Substring(startIndex));
            break;
        }
        else //Possible emoji, let's check
        {
            string token = input.Substring(startIndex, colonIndex - startIndex);

            if (emojis.Contains(token)) //It's a match, so we skip this text
            {
                //Advance the feed
                startIndex = colonIndex + 1;
                colonIndex = input.IndexOf(':', startIndex);
            }
            else //No match, so we keep the normal text
            {
                //Don't forget the colon
                sb.Append(':');

                //Instead of doing another substring next loop, let's just use the one we already have
                sb.Append(token);
                startIndex = colonIndex;
            }
        }
    }

    return sb.ToString();
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    List<string> inputs = new List<string>()
    {
        "Hello:grinning: , how are you?:kissing_heart: Are you fine?:bouquet:",
        "Tricky test:123:grinning:",
        "Hello:grinning: :imadethis:, how are you?:kissing_heart: Are you fine?:bouquet: This is:a:strange:thing :to type:, but valid :nonetheless:"
    };

    foreach (string input in inputs)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("In  <- " + input);
        Console.WriteLine("Out -> " + RemoveEmojis(input));
        Console.WriteLine();
    }

    Console.WriteLine("\r\n\r\nPress enter to exit...");
    Console.ReadLine();
}

输出:

In  <- Hello:grinning: , how are you?:kissing_heart: Are you fine?:bouquet:
Out -> Hello , how are you? Are you fine?

In  <- Tricky test:123:grinning:
Out -> Tricky test:123

In  <- Hello:grinning: :imadethis:, how are you?:kissing_heart: Are you fine?:bouquet: This is:a:strange:thing :to type:, but valid :nonetheless:
Out -> Hello :imadethis:, how are you? Are you fine? This is:a:strange:thing :to type:, but valid :nonetheless:

使用我在下面提到的代码我认为使用此功能可以解决您的问题。

        string s = "Hello:grinning: , how are you?:kissing_heart: Are you fine?:bouquet:";

        string rmv = ""; string remove = "";
        int i = 0; int k = 0;
    A:
        rmv = "";
        for (i = k; i < s.Length; i++)
        {
            if (Convert.ToString(s[i]) == ":")
            {
                for (int j = i + 1; j < s.Length; j++)
                {
                    if (Convert.ToString(s[j]) != ":")
                    {
                        rmv += s[j];
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        remove += rmv + ",";
                        i = j;
                        k = j + 1;
                        goto A;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        string[] str = remove.Split(',');
        for (int x = 0; x < str.Length-1; x++)
        {
            s = s.Replace(Convert.ToString(":" + str[x] + ":"), "");
        }
        Console.WriteLine(s);
        Console.ReadKey();

我会像这样使用扩展方法:

public static class Helper
{
   public static string MyReplace(this string dirty, char separator)
    {
        string newText = "";
        bool replace = false;

        for (int i = 0; i < dirty.Length; i++)
        {
            if(dirty[i] == separator) { replace = !replace ; continue;}
            if(replace ) continue;
            newText += dirty[i];
        }
        return newText;
    }

}

用法:

richTextBox2.Text = richTextBox2.Text.MyReplace(':');

与Regex相比,此方法在性能方面表现更好

我会用':'拆分文本,然后构建不包含找到的表情符号名称的字符串。

        const char marker = ':';
        var textSections = text.Split(marker);

        var emojiRemovedText = string.Empty;

        var notMatchedCount = 0;
        textSections.ToList().ForEach(section =>
        {
            if (emojiNames.Contains(section))
            {
                notMatchedCount = 0;
            }
            else
            {
                if (notMatchedCount++ > 0)
                {
                    emojiRemovedText += marker.ToString();

                }
                emojiRemovedText += section;
            }
        });

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