我的构建器模式有什么问题？

Question

我在实现Builder模式时遇到问题。 我有2节课：

package course_2;

import java.util.Date;

public class Student {
    private static int idStart = 0;

    private final int id = idStart++;
    private String name;
    private String surname;
    private String secondName;
    private Date birthDate;
    private String address;
    private String phone;
    private int course;
    private int group;

    public static class Builder {
        // Обязательные параметры
        private final String name;
        private final String surname;
        private final Date birthDate;
        // Необязательные параметры, инициализация по умолчанию
        private String secondName = "";
        private String address = "";
        private String phone = "";
        private int course = 1;
        private int group = 1;

        public Builder(String name, String surname, Date birthDate) {
            this.name = name;
            this.surname = surname;
            this.birthDate = (Date) birthDate.clone();
        }

        public Builder SecondName(String secondName) {
            this.secondName = secondName;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder address(String address) {
            this.address = address;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder phone(String phone) {
            this.phone = phone;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder course(int course) {
            this.course = course;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder group(int group) {
            this.group = group;
            return this;
        }
    }

    private Student(Builder builder) {
        this.name = builder.name;
        this.surname = builder.surname;
        this.secondName = builder.secondName;
        this.birthDate = builder.birthDate;
        this.address = builder.address;
        this.phone = builder.phone;
        this.course = builder.course;
        this.group = builder.group;
    }
}

问题是当我尝试从客户端代码调用Builder时：

Student studentOne = new Student.Builder("Andrue", "Booble", /*Date variable here*/);

我遇到了编译器问题：

错误：（24，30）java：不兼容的类型：course_2.Student.Builder无法转换为Course_2.Student

有人可以帮助我理解吗，为什么会发生以及如何解决？ 谢谢！

Answer 1

您需要将以下内容添加到Builder ：

        public Student build(){
            return new Student(this);
        }

并这样称呼它：

    Student studentOne = new Student.Builder("Andrue", "Booble", null).build();

Answer 2

new Student.Builder("Andrue", "Booble", /*Date variable here*/); 返回您的生成器对象而不是学生。

您的工厂缺少调用Student构造函数的方法create

它应该看起来像这样

 public Student create(){
 return new student (this);
 }

并在Builder类中实现

现在，如果您要创建学生，请致电

Student studentOne = new Student.Builder("Andrue", "Booble", /*Date variable here*/).create();