基于XPath创建XML节点？

Question

有没有人知道从XPath表达式以编程方式创建XML层次结构的现有方法？

例如，如果我有一个XML片段，例如：

<feed>
    <entry>
        <data></data>
        <content></content>
    </entry>
</feed>

给定XPath表达式/ feed / entry / content / @ source我会：

<feed>
    <entry>
        <data></data>
        <content @source=""></content>
    </entry>
</feed>

我意识到使用XSLT是可能的，但由于我正在尝试完成的动态特性，固定转换将无法工作。

我在C＃工作，但如果有人使用其他语言的解决方案，请加入。

谢谢您的帮助！

Answer 1

在您提供的示例中，唯一创建的是属性...

XmlElement element = (XmlElement)doc.SelectSingleNode("/feed/entry/content");
if (element != null)
    element.SetAttribute("source", "");

如果您真正想要的是能够创建不存在的层次结构，那么您可以使用自己的简单xpath解析器。 我不知道将属性保留在xpath中。 我宁愿将节点作为一个元素进行投射，并在.SetAttribute上进行操作，就像我在这里所做的那样：

static private XmlNode makeXPath(XmlDocument doc, string xpath)
{
    return makeXPath(doc, doc as XmlNode, xpath);
}

static private XmlNode makeXPath(XmlDocument doc, XmlNode parent, string xpath)
{
    // grab the next node name in the xpath; or return parent if empty
    string[] partsOfXPath = xpath.Trim('/').Split('/');
    string nextNodeInXPath = partsOfXPath.First();
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(nextNodeInXPath))
        return parent;

    // get or create the node from the name
    XmlNode node = parent.SelectSingleNode(nextNodeInXPath);
    if (node == null)
        node = parent.AppendChild(doc.CreateElement(nextNodeInXPath));

    // rejoin the remainder of the array as an xpath expression and recurse
    string rest = String.Join("/", partsOfXPath.Skip(1).ToArray());
    return makeXPath(doc, node, rest);
}

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
    doc.LoadXml("<feed />");

    makeXPath(doc, "/feed/entry/data");
    XmlElement contentElement = (XmlElement)makeXPath(doc, "/feed/entry/content");
    contentElement.SetAttribute("source", "");

    Console.WriteLine(doc.OuterXml);
}

Answer 2

这是我的快速入侵，只要您使用/configuration/appSettings/add[@key='name']/@value等格式，也可以创建属性。

static XmlNode createXPath(XmlDocument doc, string xpath)
{
  XmlNode node=doc;
  foreach (string part in xpath.Substring(1).Split('/'))
  {
    XmlNodeList nodes=node.SelectNodes(part);
    if (nodes.Count>1) throw new ComponentException("Xpath '"+xpath+"' was not found multiple times!");
    else if (nodes.Count==1) { node=nodes[0]; continue; }

    if (part.StartsWith("@"))
    {
      var anode=doc.CreateAttribute(part.Substring(1));
      node.Attributes.Append(anode);
      node=anode;
    }
    else
    {
      string elName, attrib=null;
      if (part.Contains("["))
      {
        part.SplitOnce("[", out elName, out attrib);
        if (!attrib.EndsWith("]")) throw new ComponentException("Unsupported XPath (missing ]): "+part);
        attrib=attrib.Substring(0, attrib.Length-1);
      }
      else elName=part;

      XmlNode next=doc.CreateElement(elName);
      node.AppendChild(next);
      node=next;

      if (attrib!=null)
      {
        if (!attrib.StartsWith("@")) throw new ComponentException("Unsupported XPath attrib (missing @): "+part);
        string name, value;
        attrib.Substring(1).SplitOnce("='", out name, out value);
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value) || !value.EndsWith("'")) throw new ComponentException("Unsupported XPath attrib: "+part);
        value=value.Substring(0, value.Length-1);
        var anode=doc.CreateAttribute(name);
        anode.Value=value;
        node.Attributes.Append(anode);
      }
    }
  }
  return node;
}

SplitOnce是一种扩展方法：

public static void SplitOnce(this string value, string separator, out string part1, out string part2)
{
  if (value!=null)
  {
    int idx=value.IndexOf(separator);
    if (idx>=0)
    {
      part1=value.Substring(0, idx);
      part2=value.Substring(idx+separator.Length);
    }
    else
    {
      part1=value;
      part2=null;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    part1="";
    part2=null;
  }
}

样品：

public static void Set(XmlDocument doc, string xpath, string value)
{
  if (doc==null) throw new ArgumentNullException("doc");
  if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(xpath)) throw new ArgumentNullException("xpath");

  XmlNodeList nodes=doc.SelectNodes(xpath);
  if (nodes.Count>1) throw new ComponentException("Xpath '"+xpath+"' was not found multiple times!");
  else if (nodes.Count==0) createXPath(doc, xpath).InnerText=value;
  else nodes[0].InnerText=value;
}

例如

Set(doc, "/configuration/appSettings/add[@key='Server']/@value", "foobar");

Answer 3

这个想法的一个问题是xpath“破坏”信息。

有无数个xml树可以匹配许多xpath。 现在在某些情况下，就像你给出的例子一样，有一个明显的最小xml树，它匹配你的xpath，你有一个使用“=”的谓词。

但是，例如，如果谓词使用不相等，或者除了相等之外的任何其他算术运算符，则存在无限多种可能性。 您可以尝试选择一个“规范”的xml树，例如，需要最少的位来表示。

例如，假设你有xpath /feed/entry/content[@source > 0] 。 现在任何适当结构的xml树，其中节点内容具有值> 0的属性源将匹配，但是存在大于零的无限数量的数字。 通过选择“最小”值（大概为1），您可以尝试规范化xml。

Xpath谓词可以包含非常任意的算术表达式，因此对此的一般解决方案即使不是不可能也是非常困难的。 你可以想象那里有一个巨大的等式，它必须反过来解决，才能得出与这个等式匹配的数值; 但由于可能存在无限数量的匹配值（只要它实际上是不等式而不是等式），就需要找到规范的解决方案。

其他形式的许多表达也会破坏信息。 例如，像“或”这样的运营商总是破坏信息。 如果你知道(X or Y) == 1 ，你不知道X是1，Y是1，还是两者都是1; 所有你肯定知道的是其中一个是1！ 因此，如果你有一个使用OR的表达式，你无法分辨哪个节点或输入到OR的值应该是1（你可以做出任意选择并将它们都设置为1，因为这样可以满足表达式，因为两种选择，其中只有一种是1）。

现在假设xpath中有几个表达式引用同一组值。 然后，你最终会得到一个几乎不可能解决的联立方程或不等式系统。 同样，如果将允许的xpath限制为其全部功率的一小部分，则可以解决此问题。 我怀疑完全一般的情况类似于图灵停止问题; 在这种情况下，给定一个任意程序（xpath），找出一组与程序匹配的一致数据，并且在某种意义上是最小的。

Answer 4

这是我的版本。 希望这也会对某人有所帮助。

    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {

        XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
        XmlNode rootNode = GenerateXPathXmlElements(doc, "/RootNode/FirstChild/SecondChild/ThirdChild");

        Console.Write(rootNode.OuterXml);

    }

    private static XmlDocument GenerateXPathXmlElements(XmlDocument xmlDocument, string xpath)
    {
        XmlNode parentNode = xmlDocument;

        if (xmlDocument != null && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(xpath))
        {
            string[] partsOfXPath = xpath.Split('/');


            string xPathSoFar = string.Empty;

            foreach (string xPathElement in partsOfXPath)
            {
                if(string.IsNullOrEmpty(xPathElement))
                    continue;

                xPathSoFar += "/" + xPathElement.Trim();

                XmlNode childNode = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode(xPathSoFar);
                if(childNode == null)
                {
                    childNode = xmlDocument.CreateElement(xPathElement);
                }

                parentNode.AppendChild(childNode);

                parentNode = childNode;
            }
        }

        return xmlDocument;
    }

Answer 5

Mark Miller的Java解决方案的C＃版本

    /// <summary>
    /// Makes the X path. Use a format like //configuration/appSettings/add[@key='name']/@value
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="doc">The doc.</param>
    /// <param name="xpath">The xpath.</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static XmlNode createNodeFromXPath(XmlDocument doc, string xpath)
    {
        // Create a new Regex object
        Regex r = new Regex(@"/+([\w]+)(\[@([\w]+)='([^']*)'\])?|/@([\w]+)");

        // Find matches
        Match m = r.Match(xpath);

        XmlNode currentNode = doc.FirstChild;
        StringBuilder currentPath = new StringBuilder();

        while (m.Success)
        {
            String currentXPath = m.Groups[0].Value;    // "/configuration" or "/appSettings" or "/add"
            String elementName = m.Groups[1].Value;     // "configuration" or "appSettings" or "add"
            String filterName = m.Groups[3].Value;      // "" or "key"
            String filterValue = m.Groups[4].Value;     // "" or "name"
            String attributeName = m.Groups[5].Value;   // "" or "value"

            StringBuilder builder = currentPath.Append(currentXPath);
            String relativePath = builder.ToString();
            XmlNode newNode = doc.SelectSingleNode(relativePath);

            if (newNode == null)
            {
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(attributeName))
                {
                    ((XmlElement)currentNode).SetAttribute(attributeName, "");
                    newNode = doc.SelectSingleNode(relativePath);
                }
                else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(elementName))
                {
                    XmlElement element = doc.CreateElement(elementName);
                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(filterName))
                    {
                        element.SetAttribute(filterName, filterValue);
                    }

                    currentNode.AppendChild(element);
                    newNode = element;
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new FormatException("The given xPath is not supported " + relativePath);
                }
            }

            currentNode = newNode;

            m = m.NextMatch();
        }

        // Assure that the node is found or created
        if (doc.SelectSingleNode(xpath) == null)
        {
            throw new FormatException("The given xPath cannot be created " + xpath);
        }

        return currentNode;
    }

Answer 6

这是Christian Peeters解决方案的改进版本，支持xpath表达式中的命名空间。

public static XNode CreateNodeFromXPath(XElement elem, string xpath)
{
    // Create a new Regex object
    Regex r = new Regex(@"/*([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-\:]+)(\[@([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-]+)='([^']*)'\])?|/@([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-]+)");

    xpath = xpath.Replace("\"", "'");
    // Find matches
    Match m = r.Match(xpath);

    XNode currentNode = elem;
    StringBuilder currentPath = new StringBuilder();
    XPathNavigator XNav = elem.CreateNavigator();

    while (m.Success)
    {
        String currentXPath = m.Groups[0].Value;    // "/ns:configuration" or "/appSettings" or "/add"
        String NamespaceAndElementName = m.Groups[1].Value;     // "ns:configuration" or "appSettings" or "add"
        String filterName = m.Groups[3].Value;      // "" or "key"
        String filterValue = m.Groups[4].Value;     // "" or "name"
        String attributeName = m.Groups[5].Value;   // "" or "value"

        XNamespace nspace = "";
        string elementName;
        int p = NamespaceAndElementName.IndexOf(':');
        if (p >= 0)
        {
            string ns = NamespaceAndElementName.Substring(0, p);
            elementName = NamespaceAndElementName.Substring(p + 1);
            nspace = XNav.GetNamespace(ns);
        }
        else
            elementName = NamespaceAndElementName;


        StringBuilder builder = currentPath.Append(currentXPath);
        String relativePath = builder.ToString();
        XNode newNode = (XNode)elem.XPathSelectElement(relativePath, XNav);

        if (newNode == null)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(attributeName))
            {
                ((XElement)currentNode).Attribute(attributeName).Value = "";
                newNode = (XNode)elem.XPathEvaluate(relativePath, XNav);
            }
            else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(elementName))
            {
                XElement newElem = new XElement(nspace + elementName);
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(filterName))
                {
                    newElem.Add(new XAttribute(filterName, filterValue));
                }

                ((XElement)currentNode).Add(newElem);
                newNode = newElem;
            }
            else
            {
                throw new FormatException("The given xPath is not supported " + relativePath);
            }
        }

        currentNode = newNode;
        m = m.NextMatch();
    }

    // Assure that the node is found or created
    if (elem.XPathEvaluate(xpath, XNav) == null)
    {
        throw new FormatException("The given xPath cannot be created " + xpath);
    }

    return currentNode;
}

Answer 7

这是基于Mark Miller代码的增强型RegEx

/([\w]+)(?:(?:[\[])(@|)([\w]+)(?:([!=<>]+)(?:(?:(?:')([^']+)(?:'))|([^']+))|)(?:[]])|)|([.]+))

Group 1: Node name
Group 2: @ (or Empty, for non attributes)
Group 3: Attribute Key
Group 4: Attribute Value (if string)
Group 5: Attribute Value (if number)
Group 6: .. (dots, one or more)

Answer 8

我需要一个XNode而不是XmlNode实现，并且RegEx不适合我（因为带有。或 - 的元素名称不起作用）

那么这对我有用的是什么：

public static XNode createNodeFromXPath(XElement elem, string xpath)
{
    // Create a new Regex object
    Regex r = new Regex(@"/*([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-]+)(\[@([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-]+)='([^']*)'\])?|/@([a-zA-Z0-9_\.\-]+)");

    xpath = xpath.Replace("\"", "'");
    // Find matches
    Match m = r.Match(xpath);

    XNode currentNode = elem;
    StringBuilder currentPath = new StringBuilder();

    while (m.Success)
    {
        String currentXPath = m.Groups[0].Value;    // "/configuration" or "/appSettings" or "/add"
        String elementName = m.Groups[1].Value;     // "configuration" or "appSettings" or "add"
        String filterName = m.Groups[3].Value;      // "" or "key"
        String filterValue = m.Groups[4].Value;     // "" or "name"
        String attributeName = m.Groups[5].Value;   // "" or "value"

        StringBuilder builder = currentPath.Append(currentXPath);
        String relativePath = builder.ToString();
        XNode newNode = (XNode)elem.XPathSelectElement(relativePath);

        if (newNode == null)
        {
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(attributeName))
            {
                ((XElement)currentNode).Attribute(attributeName).Value = "";
                newNode = (XNode)elem.XPathEvaluate(relativePath);
            }
            else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(elementName))
            {
                XElement newElem = new XElement(elementName);
                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(filterName))
                {
                    newElem.Add(new XAttribute(filterName, filterValue));
                }

                ((XElement)currentNode).Add(newElem);
                newNode = newElem;
            }
            else
            {
                throw new FormatException("The given xPath is not supported " + relativePath);
            }
        }

        currentNode = newNode;
        m = m.NextMatch();
    }

    // Assure that the node is found or created
    if (elem.XPathEvaluate(xpath) == null)
    {
        throw new FormatException("The given xPath cannot be created " + xpath);
    }

    return currentNode;
}

Answer 9

如果从后到前处理XPath字符串，则更容易处理非root用户的XPath，例如。 // a / b / c ...它应该支持Gordon的XPath语法，尽管我还没试过......

static private XmlNode makeXPath(XmlDocument doc, string xpath)
{
    string[] partsOfXPath = xpath.Split('/');
    XmlNode node = null;
    for (int xpathPos = partsOfXPath.Length; xpathPos > 0; xpathPos--)
    {
        string subXpath = string.Join("/", partsOfXPath, 0, xpathPos);
        node = doc.SelectSingleNode(subXpath);
        if (node != null)
        {
            // append new descendants
            for (int newXpathPos = xpathPos; newXpathPos < partsOfXPath.Length; newXpathPos++)
            {
                node = node.AppendChild(doc.CreateElement(partsOfXPath[newXpathPos]));
            }
            break;
        }
    }

    return node;
}

Answer 10

• 对于XDocument
• 支持属性创建

使用

var xDoc = new XDocument(new XElement("root",
                        new XElement("child1"),
                        new XElement("child2")));

CreateElement(xDoc, "/root/child3");
CreateElement(xDoc, "/root/child4[@year=32][@month=44]");
CreateElement(xDoc, "/root/child4[@year=32][@month=44]/subchild1");
CreateElement(xDoc, "/root/child4[@year=32][@month=44]/subchild1/subchild[@name='jon']");
CreateElement(xDoc, "/root/child1");

限定

public static XDocument CreateElement(XDocument document, string xpath)
{
    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(xpath))
        throw new InvalidOperationException("Xpath must not be empty");

    var xNodes = Regex.Matches(xpath, @"\/[^\/]+").Cast<Match>().Select(it => it.Value).ToList();
    if (!xNodes.Any())
        throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid xPath");

    var parent = document.Root;
    var currentNodeXPath = "";
    foreach (var xNode in xNodes)
    {
        currentNodeXPath += xNode;
        var nodeName = Regex.Match(xNode, @"(?<=\/)[^\[]+").Value;
        var existingNode = parent.XPathSelectElement(currentNodeXPath);
        if (existingNode != null)
        {
            parent = existingNode;
            continue;
        }

        var attributeNames =
          Regex.Matches(xNode, @"(?<=@)([^=]+)\=([^]]+)")
                .Cast<Match>()
                .Select(it =>
                {
                    var groups = it.Groups.Cast<Group>().ToList();
                    return new { AttributeName = groups[1].Value, AttributeValue = groups[2].Value };
                });

        parent.Add(new XElement(nodeName, attributeNames.Select(it => new XAttribute(it.AttributeName, it.AttributeValue)).ToArray()));
        parent = parent.Descendants().Last();
    }
    return document;
}

Answer 11

我知道这是一个非常古老的线程...但我刚刚尝试了同样的事情，并提出了以下正则表达式，这是不完美但我发现更通用

/+([\w]+)(\[@([\w]+)='([^']*)'\])?|/@([\w]+)

字符串/ configuration / appSettings / add [@ key ='name'] / @ value

应该解析为

共找到14场比赛：

start = 0，end = 14 Group（0）= / configuration Group（1）= configuration Group（2）= null Group（3）= null Group（4）= null Group（5）= null

start = 14，end = 26 Group（0）= / appSettings Group（1）= appSettings Group（2）= null Group（3）= null Group（4）= null Group（5）= null

start = 26，end = 43 Group（0）= / add [@ key ='name'] Group（1）= add Group（2）= [@ key ='name'] Group（3）= key group（4 ）= name Group（5）= null

start = 43，end = 50 Group（0）= / @ value Group（1）= null Group（2）= null Group（3）= null Group（4）= null Group（5）= value

---

这意味着我们拥有

Group（0）= Ignored Group（1）=元素名称Group（2）= Ignored Group（3）= Filter属性名称Group（4）= Filter属性值

这是一个可以使用该模式的java方法

public static Node createNodeFromXPath(Document doc, String expression) throws XPathExpressionException {
StringBuilder currentPath = new StringBuilder();
Matcher matcher = xpathParserPattern.matcher(expression);

Node currentNode = doc.getFirstChild();

while (matcher.find()) {
    String currentXPath = matcher.group(0);
    String elementName = matcher.group(1);
    String filterName = matcher.group(3);
    String filterValue = matcher.group(4);
    String attributeName = matcher.group(5);

    StringBuilder builder = currentPath.append(currentXPath);
    String relativePath = builder.toString();
    Node newNode = selectSingleNode(doc, relativePath);

    if (newNode == null) {
        if (attributeName != null) {
            ((Element) currentNode).setAttribute(attributeName, "");
            newNode = selectSingleNode(doc, relativePath);

        } else if (elementName != null) {
            Element element = doc.createElement(elementName);
            if (filterName != null) {
                element.setAttribute(filterName, filterValue);
            }
            currentNode.appendChild(element);
            newNode = element;

        } else {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("The given xPath is not supported " + relativePath);
        }
    }

    currentNode = newNode;
}

if (selectSingleNode(doc, expression) == null) {
    throw new IllegalArgumentException("The given xPath cannot be created " + expression);
}

return currentNode;

}

Answer 12

我喜欢Chris的版本，因为它处理xpaths中的属性而其他解决方案没有（虽然它没有在我修复的路径中处理“text（）”）。 我很遗憾不得不在VB应用程序中使用它，所以这里是转换：

        Private Sub SplitOnce(ByVal value As String, ByVal separator As String, ByRef part1 As String, ByRef part2 As String)
        If (value IsNot Nothing) Then
            Dim idx As Integer = value.IndexOf(separator)
            If (idx >= 0) Then
                part1 = value.Substring(0, idx)
                part2 = value.Substring(idx + separator.Length)
            Else
                part1 = value
                part2 = Nothing
            End If
        Else
            part1 = ""
            part2 = Nothing
        End If
    End Sub
    Private Function createXPath(ByVal doc As XmlDocument, ByVal xpath As String) As XmlNode
        Dim node As XmlNode = doc
        Dim part As String
        For Each part In xpath.Substring(1).Split("/")
            Dim nodes As XmlNodeList = node.SelectNodes(part)
            If (nodes.Count > 1) Then
                Throw New Exception("Xpath '" + xpath + "' was not found multiple times!")
            ElseIf (nodes.Count = 1) Then
                node = nodes(0)
                Continue For
            End If

            If (part.EndsWith("text()")) Then
                ' treat this the same as previous node since this is really innertext
                Exit For
            ElseIf (part.StartsWith("@")) Then
                Dim anode As XmlAttribute = doc.CreateAttribute(part.Substring(1))
                node.Attributes.Append(anode)
                node = anode
            Else
                Dim elName As String = Nothing
                Dim attrib As String = Nothing
                If (part.Contains("[")) Then
                    SplitOnce(part, "[", elName, attrib)
                    If (Not attrib.EndsWith("]")) Then
                        Throw New Exception("Unsupported XPath (missing ]): " + part)
                    End If
                    attrib = attrib.Substring(0, attrib.Length - 1)
                Else
                    elName = part
                End If
                Dim nextnode As XmlNode = doc.CreateElement(elName)
                node.AppendChild(nextnode)
                node = nextnode
                If (attrib IsNot Nothing) Then
                    If (Not attrib.StartsWith("@")) Then
                        Throw New Exception("Unsupported XPath attrib (missing @): " + part)
                    End If
                    Dim name As String = ""
                    Dim value As String = ""
                    SplitOnce(attrib.Substring(1), "='", name, value)
                    If (String.IsNullOrEmpty(value) Or Not value.EndsWith("'")) Then
                        Throw New Exception("Unsupported XPath attrib: " + part)
                    End If
                    value = value.Substring(0, value.Length - 1)
                    Dim anode As XmlAttribute = doc.CreateAttribute(name)
                    anode.Value = value
                    node.Attributes.Append(anode)
                End If
            End If
        Next
        Return node
    End Function