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将模拟注入 Spring MockMvc WebApplicationContext

[英]Inject mock into Spring MockMvc WebApplicationContext

我正在使用 Spring-boot 测试(通过 JUnit4 和 Spring MockMvc)一个 REST 服务适配器。 适配器只是将对其发出的请求传递给另一个 REST 服务(使用自定义RestTemplate )并将附加数据附加到响应中。

我想运行MockMvc测试来执行控制器集成测试,但想用模拟覆盖控制器中的RestTemplate以允许我预定义第 3 方 REST 响应并防止它在每次测试期间被击中。 我已经能够通过实例化来完成这项MockMvcBuilders.standAloneSetup()并将其传递控制器与注射在此列出的模拟测试(和我的设置如下图),但我无法做到使用相同的MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup()

我已经阅读了其他一些帖子,但没有一个回答有关如何实现这一点的问题。 我想使用实际的 Spring 应用程序上下文进行测试而不是独立的,以防止在应用程序可能增长时出现任何差距。

编辑:我使用 Mockito 作为我的模拟框架,并试图将其模拟之一注入上下文。 如果这不是必要的,那就更好了。

控制器:

@RestController
@RequestMapping(Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_PATH)
public class Controller{

    @Autowired
    private DataProvider dp;    

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate template;

    @RequestMapping(value = Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_RESOURCE, method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public Response getResponse(
            @RequestParam(required = true) String data,
            @RequestParam(required = false, defaultValue = "80") String minScore
            ) throws Exception {

        Response resp = new Response();

        // Set the request params from the client request
        Map<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<String, String>();
        parameters.put(Constants.PARAM_DATA, data);
        parameters.put(Constants.PARAM_FORMAT, Constants.PARAMS_FORMAT.JSON);

        resp = template.getForObject(Constants.RESTDATAPROVIDER_URL, Response.class, parameters);

        if(resp.getError() == null){
            resp.filterScoreLessThan(new BigDecimal(minScore));
            new DataHandler(dp).populateData(resp.getData());
        }
        return resp;
    }
}

测试类:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = MainSpringBootAdapter.class)
@TestPropertySource("/application-junit.properties")
public class WacControllerTest {

    private static String controllerURL = Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_PATH + Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_RESOURCE + compressedParams_all;
    private static String compressedParams_all = "?data={data}&minScore={minScore}";

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @InjectMocks
    private Controller Controller;

    @Mock
    private RestTemplate rt;

    @Value("${file}")
    private String file;

    @Spy
    private DataProvider dp;

    @Before
    public void setup() throws Exception {
        dp = new DataProvider(file);    
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controller).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetResponse() throws Exception {

        String[] strings = {"requestData", "100"};

        Mockito.when(
            rt.getForObject(Mockito.<String> any(), Mockito.<Class<Object>> any(), Mockito.<Map<String, ?>> any()))
            .thenReturn(populateTestResponse());

        mockMvc.perform(get(controllerURL, strings)
            .accept(Constants.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
            .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());

        Mockito.verify(rt, Mockito.times(1)).getForObject(Mockito.<String> any(), Mockito.<Class<?>> any(), Mockito.<Map<String, ?>> any());

        }


        private Response populateTestResponse() {
            Response  resp = new Response();

            resp.setScore(new BigDecimal(100));
            resp.setData("Some Data");

            return resp;
    }
}

Spring 的MockRestServiceServer正是您正在寻找的。

类的 javadoc 的简短描述:

客户端 REST 测试的主要入口点。 用于涉及直接或间接(通过客户端代码)使用 RestTemplate 的测试。 提供一种对将通过 RestTemplate 执行的请求设置细粒度期望的方法,以及一种定义发回响应的方法,无需实际运行的服务器。

尝试像这样设置您的测试:

@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {YourSpringConfig.class})
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class ExampleResourceTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    private MockRestServiceServer mockRestServiceServer;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    @Autowired
    private RestOperations restOperations;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
        mockRestServiceServer = MockRestServiceServer.createServer((RestTemplate) restOperations);
    }


    @Test
    public void testMyApiCall() throws Exception {
        // Following line verifies that our code behind /api/my/endpoint made a REST PUT
        // with expected parameters to remote service successfully
        expectRestCallSuccess();

        this.mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/api/my/endpoint"))
            .andExpect(status().isOk());
    }

    private void expectRestCallSuccess() {
        mockRestServiceServer.expect(
            requestTo("http://remote.rest.service/api/resource"))
            .andExpect(method(PUT))
            .andRespond(withSuccess("{\"message\": \"hello\"}", APPLICATION_JSON));
    }


}

这是另一个解决方案。 简单地说,它只是创建一个新的RestTemplate bean 并覆盖已经注册的 bean。

因此,虽然它执行产生与@mzc 答案相同的功能,但它允许我使用 Mockito 更轻松地制作响应和验证匹配器。

并不是说它不仅仅是几行代码,而且还防止必须添加额外的代码来将Response对象转换为上述mockRestServiceServer.expect().andRespond(<String>)方法的参数的mockRestServiceServer.expect().andRespond(<String>)

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = MainSpringBootAdapter.class)
@TestPropertySource("/application-junit.properties")
public class WacControllerTest {

    private static String Controller_URL = Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_PATH + Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_RESOURCE + compressedParams_all;

    @Configuration
        static class Config {
            @Bean
            @Primary
            public RestTemplate restTemplateMock() {
                return Mockito.mock(RestTemplate.class);
        }
    }

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @InjectMocks
    private Controller Controller;

    @Mock
    private RestTemplate rt;

    @Value("${file}")
    private String file;

    @Spy
    private DataProvider dp;

    @Before
    public void setup() throws Exception {
        dp = new DataProvider(file); 

        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
        this.rt = (RestTemplate) this.wac.getBean("restTemplateMock");
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetResponse() throws Exception {

        String[] strings = {"request", "100"};

        //Set the request params from the client request
        Map<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<String, String>();
        parameters.put(Constants.PARAM_SINGLELINE, strings[0]);
        parameters.put(Constants.PARAM_FORMAT, Constants.PARAMS_FORMAT.JSON);

        Mockito.when(
            rt.getForObject(Mockito.<String> any(), Mockito.<Class<Object>> any(), Mockito.<Map<String, ?>> any()))
            .thenReturn(populateTestResponse());

        mockMvc.perform(get(Controller_URL, strings)
            .accept(Constants.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
            .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());

        Mockito.verify(rt, Mockito.times(1)).getForObject(Mockito.<String> any(), Mockito.<Class<?>> any(), Mockito.<Map<String, ?>> any());

        }


        private Response populateTestResponse() {
            Response  resp = new Response();

            resp.setScore(new BigDecimal(100));
            resp.setData("Some Data");

            return resp;
    }
}

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