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[英]Spring MockMvc WebApplicationContext is null when running JUnit Tests with Maven
[英]Inject mock into Spring MockMvc WebApplicationContext
我正在使用 Spring-boot 测试(通过 JUnit4 和 Spring MockMvc)一个 REST 服务适配器。 适配器只是将对其发出的请求传递给另一个 REST 服务(使用自定义RestTemplate
)并将附加数据附加到响应中。
我想运行MockMvc
测试来执行控制器集成测试,但想用模拟覆盖控制器中的RestTemplate
以允许我预定义第 3 方 REST 响应并防止它在每次测试期间被击中。 我已经能够通过实例化来完成这项MockMvcBuilders.standAloneSetup()
并将其传递控制器与注射在此列出的模拟测试后(和我的设置如下图),但我无法做到使用相同的MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup()
。
我已经阅读了其他一些帖子,但没有一个回答有关如何实现这一点的问题。 我想使用实际的 Spring 应用程序上下文进行测试而不是独立的,以防止在应用程序可能增长时出现任何差距。
编辑:我使用 Mockito 作为我的模拟框架,并试图将其模拟之一注入上下文。 如果这不是必要的,那就更好了。
控制器:
@RestController
@RequestMapping(Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_PATH)
public class Controller{
@Autowired
private DataProvider dp;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate template;
@RequestMapping(value = Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_RESOURCE, method = RequestMethod.GET)
public Response getResponse(
@RequestParam(required = true) String data,
@RequestParam(required = false, defaultValue = "80") String minScore
) throws Exception {
Response resp = new Response();
// Set the request params from the client request
Map<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<String, String>();
parameters.put(Constants.PARAM_DATA, data);
parameters.put(Constants.PARAM_FORMAT, Constants.PARAMS_FORMAT.JSON);
resp = template.getForObject(Constants.RESTDATAPROVIDER_URL, Response.class, parameters);
if(resp.getError() == null){
resp.filterScoreLessThan(new BigDecimal(minScore));
new DataHandler(dp).populateData(resp.getData());
}
return resp;
}
}
测试类:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = MainSpringBootAdapter.class)
@TestPropertySource("/application-junit.properties")
public class WacControllerTest {
private static String controllerURL = Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_PATH + Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_RESOURCE + compressedParams_all;
private static String compressedParams_all = "?data={data}&minScore={minScore}";
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext wac;
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@InjectMocks
private Controller Controller;
@Mock
private RestTemplate rt;
@Value("${file}")
private String file;
@Spy
private DataProvider dp;
@Before
public void setup() throws Exception {
dp = new DataProvider(file);
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controller).build();
}
@Test
public void testGetResponse() throws Exception {
String[] strings = {"requestData", "100"};
Mockito.when(
rt.getForObject(Mockito.<String> any(), Mockito.<Class<Object>> any(), Mockito.<Map<String, ?>> any()))
.thenReturn(populateTestResponse());
mockMvc.perform(get(controllerURL, strings)
.accept(Constants.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
Mockito.verify(rt, Mockito.times(1)).getForObject(Mockito.<String> any(), Mockito.<Class<?>> any(), Mockito.<Map<String, ?>> any());
}
private Response populateTestResponse() {
Response resp = new Response();
resp.setScore(new BigDecimal(100));
resp.setData("Some Data");
return resp;
}
}
Spring 的MockRestServiceServer
正是您正在寻找的。
类的 javadoc 的简短描述:
客户端 REST 测试的主要入口点。 用于涉及直接或间接(通过客户端代码)使用 RestTemplate 的测试。 提供一种对将通过 RestTemplate 执行的请求设置细粒度期望的方法,以及一种定义发回响应的方法,无需实际运行的服务器。
尝试像这样设置您的测试:
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {YourSpringConfig.class})
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class ExampleResourceTest {
private MockMvc mockMvc;
private MockRestServiceServer mockRestServiceServer;
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext wac;
@Autowired
private RestOperations restOperations;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
mockRestServiceServer = MockRestServiceServer.createServer((RestTemplate) restOperations);
}
@Test
public void testMyApiCall() throws Exception {
// Following line verifies that our code behind /api/my/endpoint made a REST PUT
// with expected parameters to remote service successfully
expectRestCallSuccess();
this.mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/api/my/endpoint"))
.andExpect(status().isOk());
}
private void expectRestCallSuccess() {
mockRestServiceServer.expect(
requestTo("http://remote.rest.service/api/resource"))
.andExpect(method(PUT))
.andRespond(withSuccess("{\"message\": \"hello\"}", APPLICATION_JSON));
}
}
这是另一个解决方案。 简单地说,它只是创建一个新的RestTemplate
bean 并覆盖已经注册的 bean。
因此,虽然它执行产生与@mzc 答案相同的功能,但它允许我使用 Mockito 更轻松地制作响应和验证匹配器。
并不是说它不仅仅是几行代码,而且还防止必须添加额外的代码来将Response
对象转换为上述mockRestServiceServer.expect().andRespond(<String>)
方法的参数的mockRestServiceServer.expect().andRespond(<String>)
。
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = MainSpringBootAdapter.class)
@TestPropertySource("/application-junit.properties")
public class WacControllerTest {
private static String Controller_URL = Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_PATH + Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_RESOURCE + compressedParams_all;
@Configuration
static class Config {
@Bean
@Primary
public RestTemplate restTemplateMock() {
return Mockito.mock(RestTemplate.class);
}
}
@Autowired
private WebApplicationContext wac;
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@InjectMocks
private Controller Controller;
@Mock
private RestTemplate rt;
@Value("${file}")
private String file;
@Spy
private DataProvider dp;
@Before
public void setup() throws Exception {
dp = new DataProvider(file);
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
this.rt = (RestTemplate) this.wac.getBean("restTemplateMock");
}
@Test
public void testGetResponse() throws Exception {
String[] strings = {"request", "100"};
//Set the request params from the client request
Map<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<String, String>();
parameters.put(Constants.PARAM_SINGLELINE, strings[0]);
parameters.put(Constants.PARAM_FORMAT, Constants.PARAMS_FORMAT.JSON);
Mockito.when(
rt.getForObject(Mockito.<String> any(), Mockito.<Class<Object>> any(), Mockito.<Map<String, ?>> any()))
.thenReturn(populateTestResponse());
mockMvc.perform(get(Controller_URL, strings)
.accept(Constants.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
Mockito.verify(rt, Mockito.times(1)).getForObject(Mockito.<String> any(), Mockito.<Class<?>> any(), Mockito.<Map<String, ?>> any());
}
private Response populateTestResponse() {
Response resp = new Response();
resp.setScore(new BigDecimal(100));
resp.setData("Some Data");
return resp;
}
}
org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean @MockBean 帮了我。
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