何时在运行时为 Android Marshmallow 6.0 请求权限？

Question

我正在Marshmallow 6.0上测试我的应用程序，并且它正在强制关闭android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE ，即使它已经在 Manifest 中定义。 我在某处读到，如果我在运行时请求许可，那么它不会强制关闭您的应用程序。 我也阅读了这个 android 文档，它用于请求运行时权限。

所以，我开始知道我们可以请求如下许可，这是在 android 文档中提到的。

// Here, thisActivity is the current activity
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity,
                Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
        != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

    // Should we show an explanation?
    if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisActivity,
            Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {

        // Show an expanation to the user *asynchronously* -- don't block
        // this thread waiting for the user's response! After the user
        // sees the explanation, try again to request the permission.

    } else {

        // No explanation needed, we can request the permission.

        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,
                new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

        // MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS is an
        // app-defined int constant. The callback method gets the
        // result of the request.
    }
}

上面的代码有一个回调方法onRequestPermissionsResult来获取结果。

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
        String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {

     }
}

我的问题是在哪里确切地请求用户的权限？ 我们应该在应用程序启动时使用请求权限，还是应该在需要权限时使用？

Answer 1

这对我有用！！！ 在您的应用程序的 Splash Activity 中执行以下操作，

1）为请求代码声明一个int变量，

private static final int REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION = 2;

2) 声明一个具有您需要的权限数量的字符串数组，

 String[] mPermission = {Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS, Manifest.permission.READ_SMS,
 Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
 Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE};

3) 接下来检查 onCreate 方法的运行时权限条件，

try {
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, mPermission[0])
                    != MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ||
                    ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, mPermission[1])
                            != MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ||
                    ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, mPermission[2])
                            != MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ||
                    ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, mPermission[3])
                            != MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                        mPermission, REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION);

              // If any permission aboe not allowed by user, this condition will execute every tim, else your else part will work
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

4) 现在声明 onRequestPermissionsResult 方法来检查请求代码，

@Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        Log.e("Req Code", "" + requestCode);
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_PERMISSION) {
            if (grantResults.length == 4 &&
                    grantResults[0] == MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
                    grantResults[1] == MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
                    grantResults[2] == MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
                    grantResults[3] == MockPackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

               // Success Stuff here

            }
        }

    }

Answer 2

这样做

private static final int  REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION = 111;

在你的 onCreate

boolean hasPermissionLocation = (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(),
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED);
    if (!hasPermissionLocation) {
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(ThisActivity.this,
                new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION},
                REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
    }

然后检查结果

   @Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    switch (requestCode)
    {

        case REQUEST_ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION: {
            if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
            {
                Toast.makeText(ThisActivity.this, "Permission granted.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                //reload my activity with permission granted
                finish();
                startActivity(getIntent());

            } else
            {
                Toast.makeText(ThisActivity.this, "The app was not allowed to get your location. Hence, it cannot function properly. Please consider granting it this permission", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        }

    }

}

Answer 3

通常，在需要时立即请求所需的权限。 通过这种方式，您可以告知用户为什么需要该权限并更轻松地处理权限拒绝。

想想用户在您的应用程序运行时撤销权限的场景：如果您在启动时请求它并且以后从不检查它，这可能会导致意外行为或异常。

Answer 4

在我看来，你的问题没有一个正确的答案。 我强烈建议您查看此官方权限模式页面。

谷歌建议的几件事：

“您的权限策略取决于您请求的权限类型的清晰度和重要性。这些模式提供了向用户引入权限的不同方式。”

“应该预先请求关键权限。可以在上下文中请求次要权限。”

“不太明确的许可应该提供有关许可涉及的内容的教育，无论是预先完成还是在上下文中完成。”

这个插图可能会让你更好地理解。

也许这里最重要的事情是，无论您是预先还是在上下文中询问权限，您都应该始终牢记用户可以随时撤销这些权限（例如，您的应用程序仍在运行，在后台）。

您应该确保您的应用程序不会因为您在应用程序一开始就询问权限并假设用户没有更改他/她对该权限的偏好而崩溃。

Answer 5

为了请求运行时权限，我使用GitHub 库

在Build.gradle文件中添加库

dependencies {
     compile 'gun0912.ted:tedpermission:1.0.3'
}

创建 Activity 并添加PermissionListener

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity{

@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);



    PermissionListener permissionlistener = new PermissionListener() {
        @Override
        public void onPermissionGranted() {
            Toast.makeText(RationaleDenyActivity.this, "Permission Granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            //Camera Intent and access Location logic here
        }

        @Override
        public void onPermissionDenied(ArrayList<String> deniedPermissions) {
            Toast.makeText(RationaleDenyActivity.this, "Permission Denied\n" + deniedPermissions.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    };


    new TedPermission(this)
            .setPermissionListener(permissionlistener)
            .setRationaleTitle(R.string.rationale_title)
            .setRationaleMessage(R.string.rationale_message) // "we need permission for access camera and find your location"
            .setDeniedTitle("Permission denied")
            .setDeniedMessage("If you reject permission,you can not use this service\n\nPlease turn on permissions at [Setting] > [Permission]")
            .setGotoSettingButtonText("Settings")
            .setPermissions(Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
            .check();
   }
}

字符串.xml

<resources>

    <string name="rationale_title">Permission required</string>
    <string name="rationale_message">we need permission for read <b>camera</b> and find your <b>location</b></string>

</resources>

Answer 6

    Android Easy Runtime Permissions with Dexter:
    1. Dexter Permissions Library

    To get started with Dexter, add the dependency in your build.gradle

    dependencies {
        // Dexter runtime permissions
        implementation 'com.karumi:dexter:4.2.0'
    }

    1.1 Requesting Single Permission
    To request a single permission, you can use withPermission() method by passing the required permission. You also need a PermissionListener callback to receive the state of the permission.

    > onPermissionGranted() will be called once the permission is granted.

    > onPermissionDenied() will be called when the permission is denied. Here you can check whether the permission is permanently denied by using response.isPermanentlyDenied() condition.

    The below code requests CAMERA permission.

Dexter.withActivity(this)
                .withPermission(Manifest.permission.CAMERA)
                .withListener(new PermissionListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onPermissionGranted(PermissionGrantedResponse response) {
                        // permission is granted, open the camera
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onPermissionDenied(PermissionDeniedResponse response) {
                        // check for permanent denial of permission
                        if (response.isPermanentlyDenied()) {
                            // navigate user to app settings
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onPermissionRationaleShouldBeShown(PermissionRequest permission, PermissionToken token) {
                        token.continuePermissionRequest();
                    }
                }).check();

1.2 Requesting Multiple Permissions
To request multiple permissions at the same time, you can use withPermissions() method. Below code requests STORAGE and LOCATION permissions.

Dexter.withActivity(this)
                .withPermissions(
                        Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                        Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                        Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
                .withListener(new MultiplePermissionsListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onPermissionsChecked(MultiplePermissionsReport report) {
                        // check if all permissions are granted
                        if (report.areAllPermissionsGranted()) {
                            // do you work now
                        }

                        // check for permanent denial of any permission
                        if (report.isAnyPermissionPermanentlyDenied()) {
                            // permission is denied permenantly, navigate user to app settings
                        }
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onPermissionRationaleShouldBeShown(List<PermissionRequest> permissions, PermissionToken token) {
                        token.continuePermissionRequest();
                    }
                })
                .onSameThread()
                .check();

Answer 7

一个很好的解释和方法可以在这里找到：

https://inthecheesefactory.com/blog/things-you-need-to-know-about-android-m-permission-developer-edition/en

我编写了这段代码来在运行时检查和请求 BaseActivity.class 中的权限，它是我实现的每个其他 Activity.class 的父级：

public static final int PERMISSION_REQUEST = 42;
public static final int MULTIPLE_PERMISSION_REQUEST = 43;

//Marshmallow Permission Model
public boolean requestPermission(String permission /* Manifest.permission...*/) {
    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
            permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        if (Utils.hasMarshmallow())
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    new String[]{permission}, PERMISSION_REQUEST
            );
        else {
            requestPermissions(new String[]{permission},
                    PERMISSION_REQUEST);
        }
        return false;
    } else {
        return true;
    }
}

public boolean requestPermission(String... permissions) {
    final List<String> permissionsList = new ArrayList<String>();

    for (String perm : permissions) {
        addPermission(permissionsList, perm);
    }

    if (permissionsList.size() > 0) {
        if (Utils.hasMarshmallow())
            requestPermissions(permissionsList.toArray(new String[permissionsList.size()]),
                    MULTIPLE_PERMISSION_REQUEST);
        else
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissionsList.toArray(new String[permissionsList.size()]),
                    MULTIPLE_PERMISSION_REQUEST);
        return false;
    } else
        return true;
}


private boolean addPermission(List<String> permissionsList, String permission) {
    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        permissionsList.add(permission);
        // Check for Rationale Option
        if (Utils.hasMarshmallow())
            if (!shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permission))
                return false;
    }
    return true;
}

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
                                       String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case PERMISSION_REQUEST:
        case MULTIPLE_PERMISSION_REQUEST: {
            // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
            if (grantResults.length > 0
                    && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

                // permission was granted, yay! Do the
                // contacts-related task you need to do.

            } else {

                // permission denied, boo! Disable the
                // functionality that depends on this permission.
            }
            return;
        }

        // other 'case' lines to check for other
        // permissions this app might request
    }
}

简单的例子调用：

activity.requestPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);

返回结果将让您知道权限是否已被授予。

Answer 8

调用此函数，我们可以允许用户打开对话框以请求允许摄像头和录制音频。

    if ( ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale (this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) ||
            ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale (this,
                    Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) ) {
        Toast.makeText (this,
                R.string.permissions_needed,
                Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show ();
    } else {
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions (
                this,
                new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO},
                CAMERA_MIC_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
    }

Answer 9

https://material.io/guidelines/patterns/permissions.html此链接将为您提供可以询问权限的不同类型的场景。 根据您的需要进行相应选择。

Answer 10

我喜欢短代码。 我使用RxPermission作为权限。

RxPermission是最好的库，它使权限代码意外地只有 1 行。

RxPermissions rxPermissions = new RxPermissions(this);
rxPermissions
.request(Manifest.permission.CAMERA,
         Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) // ask single or multiple permission once
.subscribe(granted -> {
    if (granted) {
       // All requested permissions are granted
    } else {
       // At least one permission is denied
    }
});

添加你的build.gradle

allprojects {
    repositories {
        ...
        maven { url 'https://jitpack.io' }
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.github.tbruyelle:rxpermissions:0.10.1'
    implementation 'com.jakewharton.rxbinding2:rxbinding:2.1.1'
}

这不是很容易吗？

Answer 11

if ( ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale (this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) ||
                ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale (this,
                        Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO) ) {
            Toast.makeText (this,
                    R.string.permissions_needed,
                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show ();
        } else {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions (
                    this,
                    new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.RECORD_AUDIO},
                    CAMERA_MIC_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
        }