繁体   English   中英

Frama-C 插件开发:获取价值分析的结果

[英]Frama-C Plugin development: Getting result of value-analysis

我正在使用价值分析为 Frama-C 开发一个插件。 我只是想在每个语句后打印变量(值)的 state(我认为解决方案很简单,但我想不出来)。

我在访问者的vstmt_aux方法中使用Db.Value.get_stmt_state获得了当前的 state。

我现在如何获取变量的值?

PS:我找到了这篇文章,但没有帮助,没有真正的解决方案,并且在描述的帮助下我无法做到: How to use functions in Value.Eval_expr, Value.Eval_op etc modules of Frama-c 值插件

下面是一个具体的例子,说明如何为每个本地和全局变量打印在给定函数中的每个语句之前由Value计算的结果(从下到上读取函数):

open Cil_types

(* Prints the value associated to variable [vi] before [stmt]. *)
let pretty_vi fmt stmt vi =
  let kinstr = Kstmt stmt in (* make a kinstr from a stmt *)
  let lval = (Var vi, NoOffset) in (* make an lval from a varinfo *)
  let loc = (* make a location from a kinstr + an lval *)
    !Db.Value.lval_to_loc kinstr ~with_alarms:CilE.warn_none_mode lval
  in
  Db.Value.fold_state_callstack
    (fun state () ->
       (* for each state in the callstack *)
       let value = Db.Value.find state loc in (* obtain value for location *)
       Format.fprintf fmt "%a -> %a@." Printer.pp_varinfo vi
         Locations.Location_Bytes.pretty value (* print mapping *)
    ) () ~after:false kinstr

(* Prints the state at statement [stmt] for each local variable in [kf],
   and for each global variable. *)
let pretty_local_and_global_vars kf fmt stmt =
  let locals = Kernel_function.get_locals kf in
  List.iter (fun vi -> pretty_vi fmt stmt vi) locals;
  Globals.Vars.iter (fun vi _ -> pretty_vi fmt stmt vi)

(* Visits each statement in [kf] and prints the result of Value before the
   statement. *)
class stmt_val_visitor kf =
  object (self)
    inherit Visitor.frama_c_inplace
    method! vstmt_aux stmt =
      (match stmt.skind with
       | Instr _ ->
         Format.printf "state for all variables before stmt: %a@.%a@."
           Printer.pp_stmt stmt (pretty_local_and_global_vars kf) stmt
       | _ -> ());
      Cil.DoChildren
  end

(* usage: frama-c file.c -load-script print_vals.ml *)
let () =
  Db.Main.extend (fun () ->
      Format.printf "computing value...@.";
      !Db.Value.compute ();
      let fun_name = "main" in
      Format.printf "visiting function: %s@." fun_name;
      let kf_vis = new stmt_val_visitor in
      let kf = Globals.Functions.find_by_name fun_name in
      let fundec = Kernel_function.get_definition kf in
      ignore (Visitor.visitFramacFunction (kf_vis kf) fundec);
      Format.printf "done!@.")

这远非理想,输出比简单地使用Cvalue.Model.pretty state更加丑陋,但它可以作为进一步修改的基础。

该脚本已经过Frama-C Magnesium测试。

要检索语句之后的状态下,只需更换~after:false参数fold_state_callstack~after:true 我以前的代码版本使用了一个函数,该函数已经为前置状态绑定了该值,但是没有为后置状态导出这样的函数,所以我们必须使用fold_state_callstack (顺便说一下,它更强大,因为它允许检索特定的每个callstack的状态)。

使用 Eva 的新 API 更新(自 Frama-C 25.0 起)

这是对先前答案的更新,使用 Eva 的新 API,自 Frama-C 25.0(镁)起可用; 我根据旧的 Frama-C 版本为用户留下了原始答案。

使用Eva的新API,上面的答案可以写得更简洁:

(* Prints the value associated to variable [vi] before [stmt]. *)
let pretty_vi fmt stmt vi =
  let req = Eva.Results.before stmt in
  let cvalue = Eva.Results.(eval_var vi req |> as_cvalue) in
  Format.fprintf fmt "%a -> %a@." Printer.pp_varinfo vi
    Cvalue.V.pretty cvalue (* print mapping *)

(* Prints the state at statement [stmt] for each local variable in [kf],
   and for each global variable. *)
let pretty_local_and_global_vars kf fmt stmt =
  let locals = Kernel_function.get_locals kf in
  List.iter (fun vi -> pretty_vi fmt stmt vi) locals;
  Globals.Vars.iter (fun vi _ -> pretty_vi fmt stmt vi)

(* Visits each statement in [kf] and prints the result of Value before the
   statement. *)
class stmt_val_visitor kf =
  object
    inherit Visitor.frama_c_inplace
    method! vstmt_aux stmt =
      (match stmt.skind with
       | Instr _ ->
         Format.printf "state for all variables before stmt: %a@.%a@."
           Printer.pp_stmt stmt (pretty_local_and_global_vars kf) stmt
       | _ -> ());
      Cil.DoChildren
  end

(* usage: frama-c file.c -load-script print_vals.ml *)
let () =
  Db.Main.extend (fun () ->
      Format.printf "computing value...@.";
      Eva.Analysis.compute ();
      let fun_name = "main" in
      Format.printf "visiting function: %s@." fun_name;
      let kf_vis = new stmt_val_visitor in
      let kf = Globals.Functions.find_by_name fun_name in
      let fundec = Kernel_function.get_definition kf in
      ignore (Visitor.visitFramacFunction (kf_vis kf) fundec);
      Format.printf "done!@.")

请注意,output 并不相同; 它实际上更简洁,例如,而不是打印score -> {{ NULL -> {0} }} ,这意味着,对于 location score ,与 NULL 基相关联的偏移量,即常数值,是0 ,它只是打印score -> {0} 它还根据变量类型打印最小/最大边界(例如int __fc_errno在前面的代码中被打印为无界区间[--..--] ;这里使用时打印为[-2147483648..2147483647]具有 32 位整数的 machdep)。

新的 API 还可以更轻松地回答诸如Is there also a way to get the values after the statement? 之类的查询。 :只需使用Eva.Results.after而不是Eva.Results.before

最后,对于特定于调用堆栈的信息,请在src/plugins/value/utils/results.mli文件中搜索callstack 该文件还包含一些解释 API 的冗长注释,以及一个用法草图。

暂无
暂无

声明:本站的技术帖子网页,遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议,如果您需要转载,请注明本站网址或者原文地址。任何问题请咨询:yoyou2525@163.com.

 
粤ICP备18138465号  © 2020-2024 STACKOOM.COM