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如何更改UIImage / UIImageView的单个像素的颜色

[英]How to change colour of individual pixel of UIImage/UIImageView

我有一个UIImageView,我对其应用了过滤器:

testImageView.layer.magnificationFilter = kCAFilterNearest;

使各个像素可见。 此UIImageView在UIScrollView中,并且图像本身为1000x1000。 我使用以下代码来检测哪个像素已被点击:

我首先设置了轻击手势识别器:

UITapGestureRecognizer *scrollTap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(singleTapGestureCaptured: )];
scrollTap.numberOfTapsRequired = 1;
[mainScrollView addGestureRecognizer:scrollTap];

然后使用拍子的位置来产生拍子的坐标,UIImageView的像素通过该坐标被拍出:

- (void)singleTapGestureCaptured:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)gesture
{
    CGPoint touchPoint = [gesture locationInView:testImageView];

    NSLog(@"%f is X pixel num, %f is Y pixel num ; %f is width of imageview", (touchPoint.x/testImageView.bounds.size.width)*1000, (touchPoint.y/testImageView.bounds.size.width)*1000, testImageView.bounds.size.width);

}

我希望能够点按一个像素并进行颜色更改。 但是,我发现的所有StackOverflow帖子都没有有效的答案或尚未过时的答案。 但是,对于熟练的编码人员,您也许可以帮助我破译较旧的文章,使之有用,或者使用我上面的代码来检测UIImageView的哪个像素,自行制作简单的修复程序。

感谢所有帮助。

编辑为originaluser2:

在跟随originaluser2的帖子之后,当我在他的物理设备上通过他的示例GitHub项目运行代码时,运行代码可以完美运行。 但是,当我在自己的应用程序中运行相同的代码时,遇到图片被空格替换的错误,并出现以下错误:

<Error>: Unsupported pixel description - 3 components, 16 bits-per-component, 64 bits-per-pixel
<Error>: CGBitmapContextCreateWithData: failed to create delegate.
<Error>: CGContextDrawImage: invalid context 0x0. If you want to see the backtrace, please set CG_CONTEXT_SHOW_BACKTRACE environmental variable.
<Error>: CGBitmapContextCreateImage: invalid context 0x0. If you want to see the backtrace, please set CG_CONTEXT_SHOW_BACKTRACE environmental variable.

该代码显然可以正常工作,正如我在手机上对其进行测试所证明的那样。 但是,相同的代码在我自己的项目中产生了一些问题。 尽管我怀疑它们都是由一两个简单的中心问题引起的。 我该如何解决这些错误?

您将需要将此问题分解为多个步骤。

  1. 获取图像坐标系中触摸点的坐标
  2. 获取要更改的像素的x和y位置
  3. 创建一个位图上下文,并用新颜色的组件替换给定像素的组件。

首先,要获取图像坐标系中触摸点的坐标,可以使用我在UIImageView编写的类别方法。 这将返回一个CGAffineTransform ,它将根据视图的内容模式将一个点从视图坐标映射到图像坐标。

@interface UIImageView (PointConversionCatagory)

@property (nonatomic, readonly) CGAffineTransform viewToImageTransform;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) CGAffineTransform imageToViewTransform;

@end

@implementation UIImageView (PointConversionCatagory)

-(CGAffineTransform) viewToImageTransform {

    UIViewContentMode contentMode = self.contentMode;

    // failure conditions. If any of these are met – return the identity transform
    if (!self.image || self.frame.size.width == 0 || self.frame.size.height == 0 ||
        (contentMode != UIViewContentModeScaleToFill && contentMode != UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFill && contentMode != UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFit)) {
        return CGAffineTransformIdentity;
    }

    // the width and height ratios
    CGFloat rWidth = self.image.size.width/self.frame.size.width;
    CGFloat rHeight = self.image.size.height/self.frame.size.height;

    // whether the image will be scaled according to width
    BOOL imageWiderThanView = rWidth > rHeight;

    if (contentMode == UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFit || contentMode == UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFill) {

        // The ratio to scale both the x and y axis by
        CGFloat ratio = ((imageWiderThanView && contentMode == UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFit) || (!imageWiderThanView && contentMode == UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFill)) ? rWidth:rHeight;

        // The x-offset of the inner rect as it gets centered
        CGFloat xOffset = (self.image.size.width-(self.frame.size.width*ratio))*0.5;

        // The y-offset of the inner rect as it gets centered
        CGFloat yOffset = (self.image.size.height-(self.frame.size.height*ratio))*0.5;

        return CGAffineTransformConcat(CGAffineTransformMakeScale(ratio, ratio), CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(xOffset, yOffset));
    } else {
        return CGAffineTransformMakeScale(rWidth, rHeight);
    }
}

-(CGAffineTransform) imageToViewTransform {
    return CGAffineTransformInvert(self.viewToImageTransform);
}

@end

这里没有什么复杂的,只是比例尺适合/填充的一些额外逻辑,以确保将图像居中考虑在内。 如果您要在屏幕上以1:1的比例显示图片,则可以完全跳过此步骤。

接下来,您需要获取要更改的像素的x和y位置。 这非常简单–您只想使用上述类别属性viewToImageTransform来获取图像坐标系中的像素,然后使用floor将值进行积分。

UITapGestureRecognizer *tapGesture = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(imageViewWasTapped:)];
tapGesture.numberOfTapsRequired = 1;
[imageView addGestureRecognizer:tapGesture];

...

-(void) imageViewWasTapped:(UIGestureRecognizer*)tapGesture {

    if (!imageView.image) {
        return;
    }

    // get the pixel position
    CGPoint pt = CGPointApplyAffineTransform([tapGesture locationInView:imageView], imageView.viewToImageTransform);
    PixelPosition pixelPos = {(NSInteger)floor(pt.x), (NSInteger)floor(pt.y)};

    // replace image with new image, with the pixel replaced
    imageView.image = [imageView.image imageWithPixel:pixelPos replacedByColor:[UIColor colorWithRed:0 green:1 blue:1 alpha:1.0]];
}

最后,您将要使用我的另一个分类方法– imageWithPixel:replacedByColor:用给定颜色的替换像素获取新图像。

/// A simple struct to represent the position of a pixel
struct PixelPosition {
    NSInteger x;
    NSInteger y;
};

typedef struct PixelPosition PixelPosition;

@interface UIImage (UIImagePixelManipulationCatagory)

@end

@implementation UIImage (UIImagePixelManipulationCatagory)

-(UIImage*) imageWithPixel:(PixelPosition)pixelPosition replacedByColor:(UIColor*)color {

    // components of replacement color – in a 255 UInt8 format (fairly standard bitmap format)
    const CGFloat* colorComponents = CGColorGetComponents(color.CGColor);
    UInt8* color255Components = calloc(sizeof(UInt8), 4);
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) color255Components[i] = (UInt8)round(colorComponents[i]*255.0);

    // raw image reference
    CGImageRef rawImage = self.CGImage;

    // image attributes
    size_t width = CGImageGetWidth(rawImage);
    size_t height = CGImageGetHeight(rawImage);
    CGRect rect = {CGPointZero, {width, height}};

    // image format
    size_t bitsPerComponent = 8;
    size_t bytesPerRow = width*4;

    // the bitmap info
    CGBitmapInfo bitmapInfo = kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast | kCGBitmapByteOrder32Big;

    // data pointer – stores an array of the pixel components. For example (r0, b0, g0, a0, r1, g1, b1, a1 .... rn, gn, bn, an)
    UInt8* data = calloc(bytesPerRow, height);

    // get new RGB color space
    CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();

    // create bitmap context
    CGContextRef ctx = CGBitmapContextCreate(data, width, height, bitsPerComponent, bytesPerRow, colorSpace, bitmapInfo);

    // draw image into context (populating the data array while doing so)
    CGContextDrawImage(ctx, rect, rawImage);

    // get the index of the pixel (4 components times the x position plus the y position times the row width)
    NSInteger pixelIndex = 4*(pixelPosition.x+(pixelPosition.y*width));

    // set the pixel components to the color components
    data[pixelIndex] = color255Components[0]; // r
    data[pixelIndex+1] = color255Components[1]; // g
    data[pixelIndex+2] = color255Components[2]; // b
    data[pixelIndex+3] = color255Components[3]; // a

    // get image from context
    CGImageRef img = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(ctx);

    // clean up
    free(color255Components);
    CGContextRelease(ctx);
    CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace);
    free(data);

    UIImage* returnImage = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:img];
    CGImageRelease(img);

    return returnImage;
}

@end

首先,以255 UInt8格式找出要写入像素之一的颜色的成分。 接下来,它将使用输入图像的给定属性创建一个新的位图上下文。

此方法的重要部分是:

// get the index of the pixel (4 components times the x position plus the y position times the row width)
NSInteger pixelIndex = 4*(pixelPosition.x+(pixelPosition.y*width));

// set the pixel components to the color components
data[pixelIndex] = color255Components[0]; // r
data[pixelIndex+1] = color255Components[1]; // g
data[pixelIndex+2] = color255Components[2]; // b
data[pixelIndex+3] = color255Components[3]; // a

这样做是根据给定像素的索引(基于像素的x和y坐标)–然后使用该索引用替换颜色的颜色分量替换该像素的分量数据。

最后,我们从位图上下文中获取图像并执行一些清理。

最终结果:

在此处输入图片说明


完整项目: https//github.com/hamishknight/Pixel-Color-Changing

您可以尝试以下操作:

UIImage *originalImage = [UIImage imageNamed:@"something"];

CGSize size = originalImage.size;

UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(size);

[originalImage drawInRect:CGRectMake(0, 0, size.width, size.height)];

// myColor is an instance of UIColor
[myColor setFill];
UIRectFill(CGRectMake(someX, someY, 1, 1);

UIImage *newImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();

UIGraphicsEndImageContext();

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