使用Arduino R3编程ATMEGA32A-PU

Question

我刚开始尝试使用我的arduino uno R3作为ISP程序员对ATMEL的ATMEGA32A-PU微控制器进行编程。 我正在关注此处找到的教程： http : //hackaday.com/2010/10/23/avr-programming-introduction/

本教程介绍了ATMEGA168芯片的编程。 我认为，我查阅了ATMEGA32的数据表并正确调整了接线，并且我正在使用avrdude对该芯片进行编程。

我正在运行Windows 10 x64。 我下载了WinAVR-20100110。

从hackaday的说明中，我从arduino IDE的FILE-> examples中向arduino加载了ArduinoISP草图。 我没有做任何改变。

因此，atmega32芯片上的引脚已连接：
6（MOSI）至arduino 11
7（MISO）至arduino 12
8（SCK）至arduino 13
9（RST）至arduino 10
10（VCC）至5v
11（GND）至GND
30（AVCC）至5v
31（GND）至GND

我正在使用arduino的5v和GND引脚为AVR供电和接地。 从cmd提示符下，我正在运行： avrdude -v -P COM3 -b 19200 -c avrisp -p atmega32 -U flash:w:main.hex

avrdude: Version 5.10, compiled on Jan 19 2010 at 10:45:23
         Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/
         Copyright (c) 2007-2009 Joerg Wunsch

         System wide configuration file is "C:\WinAVR-20100110\bin\avrdude.conf"

         Using Port                    : COM3
         Using Programmer              : avrisp
         Overriding Baud Rate          : 19200
         AVR Part                      : ATMEGA32
         Chip Erase delay              : 9000 us
         PAGEL                         : PD7
         BS2                           : PA0
         RESET disposition             : dedicated
         RETRY pulse                   : SCK
         serial program mode           : yes
         parallel program mode         : yes
         Timeout                       : 200
         StabDelay                     : 100
         CmdexeDelay                   : 25
         SyncLoops                     : 32
         ByteDelay                     : 0
         PollIndex                     : 3
         PollValue                     : 0x53
         Memory Detail                 :

                                  Block Poll               Page                       Polled
           Memory Type Mode Delay Size  Indx Paged  Size   Size #Pages MinW  MaxW   ReadBack
           ----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
           eeprom         4    10    64    0 no       1024    4      0  9000  9000 0xff 0xff
           flash         33     6    64    0 yes     32768  128    256  4500  4500 0xff 0xff
           lfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  2000  2000 0x00 0x00
           hfuse          0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  2000  2000 0x00 0x00
           lock           0     0     0    0 no          1    0      0  2000  2000 0x00 0x00
           signature      0     0     0    0 no          3    0      0     0     0 0x00 0x00
           calibration    0     0     0    0 no          4    0      0     0     0 0x00 0x00

         Programmer Type : STK500
         Description     : Atmel AVR ISP
         Hardware Version: 2
         Firmware Version: 1.18
         Topcard         : Unknown
         Vtarget         : 0.0 V
         Varef           : 0.0 V
         Oscillator      : Off
         SCK period      : 0.1 us

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.06s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9502
avrdude: safemode: lfuse reads as E1
avrdude: safemode: hfuse reads as 99
avrdude: NOTE: FLASH memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file "main.hex"
avrdude: input file main.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: writing flash (144 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.22s

avrdude: 144 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against main.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file main.hex:
avrdude: input file main.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: input file main.hex contains 144 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.12s

avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 144 bytes of flash verified

avrdude: safemode: lfuse reads as E1
avrdude: safemode: hfuse reads as 99
avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK

avrdude done.  Thank you.

它经过编程，并说成功写入了144个字节。 我也尝试使用stk500，因为上面命令的输出提到了它，但是这样做时出现超时错误。 出于测试目的，我要做的就是从PORTD获得8个LED点亮。 我包括avr / io.h和

int main(void)
{   
DDRD |= 0xff;       //Set PortD Pins as an output
PORTD |= 0xff;      //Set PortD Pins high to turn on LEDs
while(1) { }        //Loop forever
}

不幸的是，PD1是唯一点亮的指示灯。 其余的都不做任何事情。

我将微控制器连接到面包板上，引脚14-21分别连接到其自己的470欧姆电阻器。 每个电阻都连接到自己的LED，然后将LED接地。

Answer 1

因此，问题出在makefile中。 我没有意识到AVR是在hackaday教程的说明中下载的makefile中列出的。 一旦更改了Makefile中的MCU，AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER和PORT，它就像一个魅力一样发挥了作用。

# WinAVR Sample makefile written by Eric B. Weddington, J�rg Wunsch, et al.
# Modified (bringing often-changed options to the top) by Elliot Williams

# make all = Make software and program
# make clean = Clean out built project files.
# make coff = Convert ELF to AVR COFF (for use with AVR Studio 3.x or VMLAB).
# make extcoff = Convert ELF to AVR Extended COFF (for use with AVR Studio
#                4.07 or greater).
# make program = Download the hex file to the device, using avrdude.  Please
#                customize the avrdude settings below first!
# make filename.s = Just compile filename.c into the assembler code only
# To rebuild project do "make clean" then "make all".

# Microcontroller Type
# MCU = attiny13
# MCU = attiny2313
# MCU = atmega8
# MCU = atmega168
MCU = atmega32 # CHANGED THIS TO THE MCU THAT I'M TRYING TO PROGRAM

# Target file name (without extension).
TARGET = main

# Programming hardware: type avrdude -c ?
# to get a full listing.
# AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = dapa              # official name of 
# AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = dragon_isp
AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER = avrisp # CHANGED THIS TO THE ISP I'M USING TO PROGRAM

AVRDUDE_PORT = COM3         # CHANGED THIS TO THE PORT ARDUINO IS CONNECTED TO
#AVRDUDE_PORT = usb         # linux for dragon
#AVRDUDE_PORT = /dev/parport0           # linux
#AVRDUDE_PORT = lpt1               # windows

############# Don't need to change below here for most purposes  (Elliot)

# Optimization level, can be [0, 1, 2, 3, s]. 0 turns off optimization.
# (Note: 3 is not always the best optimization level. See avr-libc FAQ.)
OPT = s

# Output format. (can be srec, ihex, binary)
FORMAT = ihex

# List C source files here. (C dependencies are automatically generated.)
SRC = $(TARGET).c

# If there is more than one source file, append them above, or modify and
# uncomment the following:
#SRC += foo.c bar.c

# You can also wrap lines by appending a backslash to the end of the line:
#SRC += baz.c \
#xyzzy.c



# List Assembler source files here.
# Make them always end in a capital .S.  Files ending in a lowercase .s
# will not be considered source files but generated files (assembler
# output from the compiler), and will be deleted upon "make clean"!
# Even though the DOS/Win* filesystem matches both .s and .S the same,
# it will preserve the spelling of the filenames, and gcc itself does
# care about how the name is spelled on its command-line.
ASRC = 


# List any extra directories to look for include files here.
#     Each directory must be seperated by a space.
EXTRAINCDIRS = 


# Optional compiler flags.
#  -g:        generate debugging information (for GDB, or for COFF conversion)
#  -O*:       optimization level
#  -f...:     tuning, see gcc manual and avr-libc documentation
#  -Wall...:  warning level
#  -Wa,...:   tell GCC to pass this to the assembler.
#    -ahlms:  create assembler listing
CFLAGS = -g -O$(OPT) \
-funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums \
-Wall -Wstrict-prototypes \
-Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.c=.lst) \
$(patsubst %,-I%,$(EXTRAINCDIRS))


# Set a "language standard" compiler flag.
#   Unremark just one line below to set the language standard to use.
#   gnu99 = C99 + GNU extensions. See GCC manual for more information.
#CFLAGS += -std=c89
#CFLAGS += -std=gnu89
#CFLAGS += -std=c99
CFLAGS += -std=gnu99



# Optional assembler flags.
#  -Wa,...:   tell GCC to pass this to the assembler.
#  -ahlms:    create listing
#  -gstabs:   have the assembler create line number information; note that
#             for use in COFF files, additional information about filenames
#             and function names needs to be present in the assembler source
#             files -- see avr-libc docs [FIXME: not yet described there]
ASFLAGS = -Wa,-adhlns=$(<:.S=.lst),-gstabs 



# Optional linker flags.
#  -Wl,...:   tell GCC to pass this to linker.
#  -Map:      create map file
#  --cref:    add cross reference to  map file
LDFLAGS = -Wl,-Map=$(TARGET).map,--cref



# Additional libraries

# Minimalistic printf version
#LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_min

# Floating point printf version (requires -lm below)
#LDFLAGS += -Wl,-u,vfprintf -lprintf_flt

# -lm = math library
LDFLAGS += -lm


# Programming support using avrdude. Settings and variables.


AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U flash:w:$(TARGET).hex
#AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM = -U eeprom:w:$(TARGET).eep

AVRDUDE_FLAGS = -p $(MCU) -P $(AVRDUDE_PORT) -c $(AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER)

# Uncomment the following if you want avrdude's erase cycle counter.
# Note that this counter needs to be initialized first using -Yn,
# see avrdude manual.
#AVRDUDE_ERASE += -y

# Uncomment the following if you do /not/ wish a verification to be
# performed after programming the device.
#AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -V

# Increase verbosity level.  Please use this when submitting bug
# reports about avrdude. See <http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/avrdude> 
# to submit bug reports.
#AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -v -v

#Run while cable attached or don't
#AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -E reset #keep chip disabled while cable attached
#AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -E noreset

#AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U lfuse:w:0x04:m #run with 8 Mhz clock

#AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U lfuse:w:0x21:m #run with 1 Mhz clock #default clock mode

#AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH = -U lfuse:w:0x01:m #run with 1 Mhz clock no start up time

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Define directories, if needed.
DIRAVR = c:/winavr
DIRAVRBIN = $(DIRAVR)/bin
DIRAVRUTILS = $(DIRAVR)/utils/bin
DIRINC = .
DIRLIB = $(DIRAVR)/avr/lib


# Define programs and commands.
SHELL = sh

CC = avr-gcc

OBJCOPY = avr-objcopy
OBJDUMP = avr-objdump
SIZE = avr-size


# Programming support using avrdude.
AVRDUDE = avrdude


REMOVE = rm -f
COPY = cp

HEXSIZE = $(SIZE) --target=$(FORMAT) $(TARGET).hex
ELFSIZE = $(SIZE) -AC --mcu=$(MCU) $(TARGET).elf



# Define Messages
# English
MSG_ERRORS_NONE = Errors: none
MSG_BEGIN = -------- begin --------
MSG_END = --------  end  --------
MSG_SIZE_BEFORE = Size before: 
MSG_SIZE_AFTER = Size after:
MSG_COFF = Converting to AVR COFF:
MSG_EXTENDED_COFF = Converting to AVR Extended COFF:
MSG_FLASH = Creating load file for Flash:
MSG_EEPROM = Creating load file for EEPROM:
MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING = Creating Extended Listing:
MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE = Creating Symbol Table:
MSG_LINKING = Linking:
MSG_COMPILING = Compiling:
MSG_ASSEMBLING = Assembling:
MSG_CLEANING = Cleaning project:




# Define all object files.
OBJ = $(SRC:.c=.o) $(ASRC:.S=.o) 

# Define all listing files.
LST = $(ASRC:.S=.lst) $(SRC:.c=.lst)

# Combine all necessary flags and optional flags.
# Add target processor to flags.
ALL_CFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. $(CFLAGS)
ALL_ASFLAGS = -mmcu=$(MCU) -I. -x assembler-with-cpp $(ASFLAGS)



# Default target: make program!
all: begin gccversion sizebefore $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).eep \
    $(TARGET).lss $(TARGET).sym sizeafter finished end
    $(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_FLAGS) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM)

# Eye candy.
# AVR Studio 3.x does not check make's exit code but relies on
# the following magic strings to be generated by the compile job.
begin:
    @echo
    @echo $(MSG_BEGIN)

finished:
    @echo $(MSG_ERRORS_NONE)

end:
    @echo $(MSG_END)
    @echo


# Display size of file.
sizebefore:
    @if [ -f $(TARGET).elf ]; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_BEFORE); $(ELFSIZE); echo; fi

sizeafter:
    @if [ -f $(TARGET).elf ]; then echo; echo $(MSG_SIZE_AFTER); $(ELFSIZE); echo; fi



# Display compiler version information.
gccversion : 
    @$(CC) --version




# Convert ELF to COFF for use in debugging / simulating in
# AVR Studio or VMLAB.
COFFCONVERT=$(OBJCOPY) --debugging \
    --change-section-address .data-0x800000 \
    --change-section-address .bss-0x800000 \
    --change-section-address .noinit-0x800000 \
    --change-section-address .eeprom-0x810000 


coff: $(TARGET).elf
    @echo
    @echo $(MSG_COFF) $(TARGET).cof
    $(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-avr $< $(TARGET).cof


extcoff: $(TARGET).elf
    @echo
    @echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_COFF) $(TARGET).cof
    $(COFFCONVERT) -O coff-ext-avr $< $(TARGET).cof




# Program the device.  
program: $(TARGET).hex $(TARGET).eep
    $(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_FLAGS) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_FLASH) $(AVRDUDE_WRITE_EEPROM)




# Create final output files (.hex, .eep) from ELF output file.
%.hex: %.elf
    @echo
    @echo $(MSG_FLASH) $@
    $(OBJCOPY) -O $(FORMAT) -R .eeprom $< $@

%.eep: %.elf
    @echo
    @echo $(MSG_EEPROM) $@
    -$(OBJCOPY) -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load" \
    --change-section-lma .eeprom=0 -O $(FORMAT) $< $@

# Create extended listing file from ELF output file.
%.lss: %.elf
    @echo
    @echo $(MSG_EXTENDED_LISTING) $@
    $(OBJDUMP) -h -S $< > $@

# Create a symbol table from ELF output file.
%.sym: %.elf
    @echo
    @echo $(MSG_SYMBOL_TABLE) $@
    avr-nm -n $< > $@



# Link: create ELF output file from object files.
.SECONDARY : $(TARGET).elf
.PRECIOUS : $(OBJ)
%.elf: $(OBJ)
    @echo
    @echo $(MSG_LINKING) $@
    $(CC) $(ALL_CFLAGS) $(OBJ) --output $@ $(LDFLAGS)


# Compile: create object files from C source files.
%.o : %.c
    @echo
    @echo $(MSG_COMPILING) $<
    $(CC) -c $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@


# Compile: create assembler files from C source files.
%.s : %.c
    $(CC) -S $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< -o $@


# Assemble: create object files from assembler source files.
%.o : %.S
    @echo
    @echo $(MSG_ASSEMBLING) $<
    $(CC) -c $(ALL_ASFLAGS) $< -o $@






# Target: clean project.
clean: begin clean_list finished end

clean_list :
    @echo
    @echo $(MSG_CLEANING)
    $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).hex
    $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).eep
    $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).obj
    $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).cof
    $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).elf
    $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).map
    $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).obj
    $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).a90
    $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).sym
    $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).lnk
    $(REMOVE) $(TARGET).lss
    $(REMOVE) $(OBJ)
    $(REMOVE) $(LST)
    $(REMOVE) $(SRC:.c=.s)
    $(REMOVE) $(SRC:.c=.d)
    $(REMOVE) *~

# Automatically generate C source code dependencies. 
# (Code originally taken from the GNU make user manual and modified 
# (See README.txt Credits).)
#
# Note that this will work with sh (bash) and sed that is shipped with WinAVR
# (see the SHELL variable defined above).
# This may not work with other shells or other seds.
#
%.d: %.c
    set -e; $(CC) -MM $(ALL_CFLAGS) $< \
    | sed 's,\(.*\)\.o[ :]*,\1.o \1.d : ,g' > $@; \
    [ -s $@ ] || rm -f $@


# Remove the '-' if you want to see the dependency files generated.
-include $(SRC:.c=.d)



# Listing of phony targets.
.PHONY : all begin finish end sizebefore sizeafter gccversion coff extcoff \
    clean clean_list program