如何从另一个表填充父表和子表？

Question

我有一个包含单词列表和相关wordForms的表。 表中的典型数据如下所示。 请注意，WordForms的某些列结束，例如，有些只是以最后一个wordform字结束

Id  Word       WordForms
1   abandon    abandoned, abandoning, abandonment, abandons    
2   abstract   abstraction, abstractions, abstractly, abstracts, e.g.

这是源数据表的布局：

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TempWords]
(
    [Id]         INT            IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL,
    [Word]       NVARCHAR (MAX) NOT NULL,
    [WordForms]  NVARCHAR (MAX) NULL,
)

我想用这些数据来填充两个表。 我知道使用SQL INSERT INTO，但我认为只能帮助我使用一个表。 我想要做的是取第一个Word，将其放入Words表中，然后将现在用逗号分隔的字形分开，并将它们放入WordForms表中。

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Words]
(
    [WordId]     INT            IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL,
    [Word]       NVARCHAR (MAX) NOT NULL
)

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[WordForms]
(
    [Id]         INT            IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL,
    [WordId]     INT NOT NULL,
    [Text]  NVARCHAR (MAX) NULL,
)

谁能给我一些关于如何做到这一点的提示？

Answer 1

首先，您可以创建UDF函数来分隔CSV值。

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fn_Split (
      @InputString                  VARCHAR(8000),
      @Delimiter                    VARCHAR(50)
)

RETURNS @Items TABLE (
      Item                          VARCHAR(8000)
)

AS
BEGIN
      IF @Delimiter = ' '
      BEGIN
            SET @Delimiter = ','
            SET @InputString = REPLACE(@InputString, ' ', @Delimiter)
      END

      IF (@Delimiter IS NULL OR @Delimiter = '')
            SET @Delimiter = ','

--INSERT INTO @Items VALUES (@Delimiter) -- Diagnostic
--INSERT INTO @Items VALUES (@InputString) -- Diagnostic

      DECLARE @Item                 VARCHAR(8000)
      DECLARE @ItemList       VARCHAR(8000)
      DECLARE @DelimIndex     INT

      SET @ItemList = @InputString
      SET @DelimIndex = CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, @ItemList, 0)
      WHILE (@DelimIndex != 0)
      BEGIN
            SET @Item = SUBSTRING(@ItemList, 0, @DelimIndex)
            INSERT INTO @Items VALUES (@Item)

            -- Set @ItemList = @ItemList minus one less item
            SET @ItemList = SUBSTRING(@ItemList, @DelimIndex+1, LEN(@ItemList)-@DelimIndex)
            SET @DelimIndex = CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, @ItemList, 0)
      END -- End WHILE

      IF @Item IS NOT NULL -- At least one delimiter was encountered in @InputString
      BEGIN
            SET @Item = @ItemList
            INSERT INTO @Items VALUES (@Item)
      END

      -- No delimiters were encountered in @InputString, so just return @InputString
      ELSE INSERT INTO @Items VALUES (@InputString)

      RETURN

END -- End Function
GO

然后，您可以使用下面的INSERT语句来填充表。

INSERT INTO [Words]
SELECT Word FROM TempWords


INSERT INTO WordForms

SELECT
    W.WordId,
    LTRIM(RTRIM(FNT.Item)) AS Item
FROM TempWords AS TW
INNER JOIN [Words] AS W
ON TW.[Word]=W.[Word]
CROSS APPLY fn_Split(REPLACE(TW.WordForms,', e.g.',''),',') AS FNT


SELECT * FROM [Words]
SELECT * FROM WordForms

Answer 2

您可以将单词插入到第一个表中，而不是解析单词表单，并将它们插入到子表中，并链接到父表。

链接到父表可以通过连接word列（我猜它是唯一的）或通过做一些MERGE + OUTPUT事来获得一步SOURCE.ID （来自@words_csv）和INSERTED.ID 。 你喜欢什么方式。

解析也可以通过多种方式实现，请查看此示例（实际上我不建议使用sql进行解析 ）。

DECLARE @words_csv TABLE (Id INT IDENTITY(1, 1), Word VARCHAR(100), WordForms VARCHAR(1000))

INSERT INTO @words_csv(word, wordforms)
VALUES
    ('abandon', 'abandoned, abandoning, abandonment, abandons, e.g.'),
    ('abstract', 'abstraction, abstractions, abstractly, abstracts')

--INSERT INTO [dbo].[Words](word)
--SELECT w.word
--FROM @words_csv w

;WITH word_forms_extracted AS
    (
        SELECT  w.id,
                w.word,
                ltrim(rtrim(cast(case when CHARINDEX(',', w.WordForms) > 0 then substring(w.wordforms, 1, CHARINDEX(',', w.WordForms)-1) end AS VARCHAR(1000)))) wordform,
                stuff(w.wordforms, 1, CHARINDEX(',', w.WordForms), '') wordforms
        FROM    @words_csv w

        UNION ALL

        SELECT  w.id,
                w.word,
                ltrim(rtrim(cast(case when CHARINDEX(',', wfe.WordForms) > 0 then substring(wfe.wordforms, 1, CHARINDEX(',', wfe.WordForms)-1) else wfe.wordforms end AS VARCHAR(1000)))) wordform,
                case when CHARINDEX(',', wfe.WordForms) > 0 then stuff(wfe.wordforms, 1, CHARINDEX(',', wfe.WordForms), '') ELSE '' end wordforms
        FROM    @words_csv w   
                INNER JOIN  word_forms_extracted wfe
                    ON  wfe.id = w.id
        WHERE wfe.wordforms != ''
    )
SELECT wf.id, wf.word, wf.wordform
FROM word_forms_extracted wf
--INNER JOIN [dbo].[Words] w
--ON w.word = wf.word
WHERE wf.wordform NOT IN ('', 'e.g.')
ORDER BY wf.id, wf.wordform
OPTION(MAXRECURSION 1000)

最终的SELECT可以很容易地修改为INSERT INTO dbo.WordForms (...) SELECT ...链接到dbo.Words可以在这里获得，你可以通过加入word列来看到。

Answer 3

在XML的帮助下：

INSERT INTO [dbo].[Words]
SELECT DISTINCT [Word]
FROM [dbo].[TempWords] 

DECLARE @xml xml

SELECT @xml = (
    SELECT CAST('<row><word>'+WORD+'</word><w>' + REPLACE(WordForms,', ','</w><w>') +'</w></row>' as xml)
    FROM [dbo].[TempWords] 
    FOR XML PATH('')
    )


INSERT INTO [dbo].[WordForms]
SELECT  w.[WordId],
        t.v.value('.','nvarchar(max)') as [Text]
FROM @xml.nodes('/row/w') as t(v)
LEFT JOIN [dbo].[Words] w 
    ON t.v.value('../word[1]','nvarchar(max)')  = w.[Word]

在[dbo].[Words]

WordId  Word
1       abandon
2       abstract

在[dbo].[WordForms]

Id  WordId  Text
1   1       abandoned
2   1       abandoning
3   1       abandonment
4   1       abandons
5   2       abstraction
6   2       abstractions
7   2       abstractly
8   2       abstracts