Opengl：渲染到Win32 API上下文

Question

我正在尝试创建一个opengl上下文（至少ogl 4.5）并渲染它; 它与SDL2一起工作正常，但我无法弄清楚为什么它不适用于Win32：我正在尝试使用glClearColor（）/ glClear将屏幕颜色设置为RGBA（1,0,0,1），但似乎没有任何事情发生。 这是我的代码： - EDIT我按照你的建议更新了代码，但似乎没有渲染; 问题还不在于gl 3.x / 4.x功能，因为我在创建了一个摆动上下文后初始化了GLEW

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
HGLRC ourOpenGLRenderingContext;
bool running = true;

int WinMain(__in HINSTANCE hInstance, __in_opt HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, __in_opt LPSTR lpCmdLine, __in int nShowCmd)
{
    MSG msg = { 0 };
    WNDCLASS wc = { 0 };
    wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_BACKGROUND);
    wc.lpszClassName = L"oglversionchecksample";
    wc.style = CS_OWNDC;
    if (!RegisterClass(&wc))
        return 1;
    CreateWindowW(wc.lpszClassName, L"openglversioncheck",
        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VISIBLE, 0, 0, 640, 480, 0, 0, hInstance, 0);


        while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0)
            DispatchMessage(&msg);


    return 0;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    switch (message)
    {
    case WM_PAINT:
        glViewport(0, 0, 100, 100); //render to a viewport of width (100; 100)
        glClearColor(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
        break;
    case WM_CREATE:
    {
        PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd =
        {
            sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR),
            1,
            PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL | PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER,    //Flags
            PFD_TYPE_RGBA,            //The kind of framebuffer. RGBA or palette.
            32,                        //Colordepth of the framebuffer.
            0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
            0,
            0,
            0,
            0, 0, 0, 0,
            24,                        //Number of bits for the depthbuffer
            8,                        //Number of bits for the stencilbuffer
            0,                        //Number of Aux buffers in the framebuffer.
            PFD_MAIN_PLANE,
            0,
            0, 0, 0
        };

        HDC ourWindowHandleToDeviceContext = GetDC(hWnd);

        int  letWindowsChooseThisPixelFormat;
        letWindowsChooseThisPixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(ourWindowHandleToDeviceContext, &pfd);
        SetPixelFormat(ourWindowHandleToDeviceContext, letWindowsChooseThisPixelFormat, &pfd);

        ourOpenGLRenderingContext = wglCreateContext(ourWindowHandleToDeviceContext);
        wglMakeCurrent(ourWindowHandleToDeviceContext, ourOpenGLRenderingContext);
        MessageBoxA(0, (char*)glGetString(GL_VERSION), "OPENGL VERSION", 0);

        if(glewInit() != GLEW_OK) {
            MessageBoxA(0, (char*)glGetString(GL_VERSION), "Error: Could not init OGL API (GLEW)", 0);
        }

    }
    break;
    case WM_CLOSE:
        //quit code
        wglDeleteContext(ourOpenGLRenderingContext);
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;

}

Answer 1

在Windows中创建现代OpenGL渲染上下文需要更多的努力。 基本上，您首先必须创建一个代理上下文来加载必要的扩展，然后使用这些创建适当的上下文。 我写了一个小型库，在窗帘后面进行内部代理上下文管理，让您无需进一步操作即可直接进入核心业务： http ： //github.com/datenwolf/wglarb

为了StackOverflow的最佳实践，在answeres中包含代码而不是链接这里的主要实现文件（它只有238行）：

/*
Copyright (c) 2014 Wolfgang 'datenwolf' Draxinger

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
*/
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include "wglarb.h"

#define wglarb_BuildAssert(cond) ((void)sizeof(char[1 - 2*!(cond)]))

static HANDLE wglarb_intermediary_mutex = NULL;

static DWORD wglarb_intermediary_lock(void)
{
    wglarb_BuildAssert( sizeof(PVOID) == sizeof(HANDLE) );

    if( !wglarb_intermediary_mutex ) {
        /* Between testing for the validity of the mutex handle,
         * creating a new mutex handle and using the interlocked
         * exchange there is a race... */

        /* //// START \\\\ */

        HANDLE const new_mutex =
            CreateMutex(NULL, TRUE, NULL);

        HANDLE const dst_mutex =
            InterlockedCompareExchangePointer(
                &wglarb_intermediary_mutex,
                new_mutex,
                NULL );

        /* //// FINISH \\\\ */

        if( !dst_mutex ) {
            /* mutex created in one time initialization and held
             * by calling thread. Return signaled status. */
            return WAIT_OBJECT_0;
        }
        /* In this case we lost the race and another thread
         * beat this thread in creating a mutex object.
         * Clean up and wait for the proper mutex. */
        ReleaseMutex(new_mutex);
        CloseHandle(new_mutex);
    }
    return WaitForSingleObject(wglarb_intermediary_mutex, INFINITE);
}

static BOOL wglarb_intermediary_unlock(void)
{
    return ReleaseMutex(wglarb_intermediary_mutex);
}

#define WGLARB_INTERMEDIARY_CLASS   "wglarb intermediary"
#define WGLARB_INTERMEDIARY_STYLE   (WS_CLIPSIBLINGS|WS_CLIPCHILDREN)
#define WGLARB_INTERMEDIARY_EXSTYLE 0

static HWND wglarb_intermediary_hWnd = 0;

static BOOL wglarb_intermediary_create_Wnd(void)
{
    HINSTANCE const hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);

    WNDCLASS wc;
    memset(&wc,0,sizeof(wc));
    wc.hInstance = hInstance;
    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW|CS_OWNDC;
    wc.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;
    wc.lpszClassName = WGLARB_INTERMEDIARY_CLASS;
    RegisterClass(&wc);

    wglarb_intermediary_hWnd =
        CreateWindowEx(
            WGLARB_INTERMEDIARY_EXSTYLE,
            WGLARB_INTERMEDIARY_CLASS,
            NULL,
            WGLARB_INTERMEDIARY_STYLE,
            0,0,0,0,
            NULL,NULL,
            hInstance,
            NULL );

    if( !wglarb_intermediary_hWnd ) {
        return FALSE;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

static HDC wglarb_intermediary_hDC = 0;

static BOOL wglarb_intermediary_create_DC(void)
{
    if( !wglarb_intermediary_hWnd
     && !wglarb_intermediary_create_Wnd() ) {
        return FALSE;
    }

    wglarb_intermediary_hDC = GetDC(wglarb_intermediary_hWnd);
    if( !wglarb_intermediary_hDC ) {
        return FALSE;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

static HGLRC wglarb_intermediary_hRC = 0;

static BOOL wglarb_intermediary_create_RC(void)
{
    if( !wglarb_intermediary_hDC
     && !wglarb_intermediary_create_DC() ) {
        return FALSE;
    }

    PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd;
    memset(&pfd,0,sizeof(pfd));
    pfd.nSize = sizeof(pfd);
    pfd.nVersion = 1;
    pfd.dwFlags = PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL|PFD_GENERIC_ACCELERATED|PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW;
    pfd.iPixelType = PFD_TYPE_RGBA;
    pfd.iLayerType = PFD_MAIN_PLANE;

    int iPF;
    if( !(iPF = ChoosePixelFormat(wglarb_intermediary_hDC, &pfd))
     || !(SetPixelFormat(wglarb_intermediary_hDC, iPF, &pfd))
     || !(wglarb_intermediary_hRC = wglCreateContext(wglarb_intermediary_hDC))
    ) {
        return FALSE;
    }

    return TRUE;
}

static BOOL wglarb_intermediary_makecurrent(HDC *hOrigDC, HGLRC *hOrigRC)
{
    *hOrigDC = wglGetCurrentDC();
    *hOrigRC = wglGetCurrentContext();

    if( !wglarb_intermediary_hRC
     && !wglarb_intermediary_create_RC() )  {
        return FALSE;
    }

    return wglMakeCurrent(wglarb_intermediary_hDC, wglarb_intermediary_hRC);
}

HGLRC WINAPI wglarb_CreateContextAttribsARB(
    HDC hDC,
    HGLRC hShareContext,
    const int *attribList)
{
    if( WAIT_OBJECT_0 != wglarb_intermediary_lock() ) {
        return NULL;
    }

    HDC   hOrigDC;
    HGLRC hOrigRC;
    if( !wglarb_intermediary_makecurrent(&hOrigDC, &hOrigRC) ) {
        wglarb_intermediary_unlock();
        return NULL;
    }

    PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC impl =
        (PFNWGLCREATECONTEXTATTRIBSARBPROC)
            wglGetProcAddress("wglCreateContextAttribsARB");

    HGLRC ret = NULL;
    if( impl ) {
        ret = impl(hDC, hShareContext, attribList);
    }   

    wglMakeCurrent(hOrigDC, hOrigRC);
    wglarb_intermediary_unlock();
    return ret;
}

BOOL WINAPI wglarb_ChoosePixelFormatARB(
    HDC hdc,
    const int *piAttribIList,
    const FLOAT *pfAttribFList,
    UINT nMaxFormats,
    int *piFormats,
    UINT *nNumFormats)
{
    if( WAIT_OBJECT_0 != wglarb_intermediary_lock() ) {
        return FALSE;
    }

    HDC   hOrigDC;
    HGLRC hOrigRC;
    if( !wglarb_intermediary_makecurrent(&hOrigDC, &hOrigRC) ) {
        wglarb_intermediary_unlock();
        return FALSE;
    }

    PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC impl = NULL;

    impl = (PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC)
            wglGetProcAddress("wglChoosePixelFormatARB");
    if( !impl ) {
        /* WGL_EXT_pixel_format uses the same function prototypes
         * as the WGL_ARB_pixel_format extension */
        impl = (PFNWGLCHOOSEPIXELFORMATARBPROC)
                wglGetProcAddress("wglChoosePixelFormatEXT");
    }

    BOOL ret = FALSE;
    if( impl ) {
        ret = impl(
            hdc,
            piAttribIList,
            pfAttribFList,
            nMaxFormats,
            piFormats,
            nNumFormats );
    }   

    wglMakeCurrent(hOrigDC, hOrigRC);
    wglarb_intermediary_unlock();
    return ret;
}

Answer 2

查看SDL的代码以了解它的作用 - 我认为在使用现代（> = 3或> = 4）OpenGL获取上下文时会有些烦恼。

https://www.opengl.org/wiki/Creating_an_OpenGL_Context_%28WGL%29