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在Java中使用wait()和notify()进行阻止

[英]Blocked using wait() and notify() in Java

我正在使用Java中的wait()notify()编写生产者和消费者代码。 创建Thread-0并在produce()上调用,并创建Thread-1并在consume()上调用。

public class Processor {

  private volatile List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
  private final int MAX_CAPACITY = 5;
  Object lock = new Object();

  public void produce() throws InterruptedException {

    while (true) {

      while (list.size() == MAX_CAPACITY) {
        System.out.println("List is full! Producer is Waiting....");
        synchronized (lock) {
          lock.wait();
        }
      }

      synchronized (lock) {
        int random = new Random().nextInt(100);
        list.add(random);
        System.out.println("Added to list:" + random);
        lock.notify();
      }
    }
  }

  public void consume() throws InterruptedException {

    while (true) {

      while (list.size() == 0) {
        System.out.println("List is empty!! Consumer is Waiting...");
        synchronized (lock) {
          lock.wait();
        }
      }

      synchronized (lock) {
        int i = list.remove(0);
        System.out.println("Removed from list:" + i);
        lock.notify();
      }
    }
  }
}

问题是在执行期间,程序在produce()之后停止:

List is empty!! Consumer is Waiting...
Added to list:22
Added to list:45
Added to list:72
Added to list:91
Added to list:51
List is full! Producer is Waiting....

我无法理解这里的问题是什么。 我以某种方式弄清楚将while循环中的代码包装在produce()consume()中的synchronized块中解决了这个问题。

produce()

synchronized (lock) {
                while (list.size() == MAX_CAPACITY) {
                    System.out.println("List is full! Producer is Waiting....");

                    lock.wait();
                }

consume

synchronized (lock) {
                while (list.size() == 0) {
                    System.out.println("List is empty!! Consumer is Waiting...");

                    lock.wait();
                }
            }

这是什么问题? 这是线程饥饿还是死锁的情况?

编辑:调用类:

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final Processor processor = new Processor();

        Runnable r1 = new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    processor.produce();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        };

        Runnable r2 = new Runnable() {

            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    processor.consume();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {

                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };

        Thread t1 = new Thread(r1);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(r2);

        t1.start();
        t2.start();


    }
}

当你执行list.size()它不是线程安全的,并且没有保证你将看到另一个线程中的值发生了变化。 如果JIT检测到您没有在该线程中更改它,则它甚至可以内联该值。

通过将synchronized块放在循环外部,可确保值的变化可见(因为它也在while(true)循环内while(true)

使用synchronized外部循环创建读取障碍 因此,生产者/消费者将在您检查list.size()环路中看到最新的list 这就是为什么你移动后,它的工作原理while内循环synchronized块。

在您的情况下,我还建议您在生产者/消费者中使用单个同步块。

例如,在您的实现中,如果list.size() == 0对于使用者变为false ,它将释放对lock对象的锁定,然后在下一个语句中尝试再次获取锁定以消耗数据,这是不必要且低效的。 应该是这样的:

public void consume() throws InterruptedException {

  while (true) {
    synchronized (lock) {
      while (list.size() == 0) {
        System.out.println("List is empty!! Consumer is Waiting...");

        lock.wait();
      }

      int i = list.remove(0);
      System.out.println("Removed from list:" + i);
      lock.notify();
    }
  }
}

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