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[英]How to read connection string in ASP .NET Core Razor Pages
[英]How to read connection string in .NET Core?
我只想从配置文件中读取一个连接字符串,为此将一个名为“appsettings.json”的文件添加到我的项目中,并在其上添加以下内容:
{
"ConnectionStrings": {
"DefaultConnection": "Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=aspnet-
WebApplica71d622;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"
},
"Logging": {
"IncludeScopes": false,
"LogLevel": {
"Default": "Debug",
"System": "Information",
"Microsoft": "Information"
}
}
}
在 ASP.NET 我用这个:
var temp=ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["DefaultConnection"].ConnectionString;
现在我如何读取 C# 中的“DefaultConnection”并将其存储在 .NET Core 中的字符串变量中?
发布的答案很好,但没有直接回答我在连接字符串中阅读的相同问题。 通过大量搜索,我找到了一种稍微简单的方法。
在 Startup.cs 中
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
...
// Add the whole configuration object here.
services.AddSingleton<IConfiguration>(Configuration);
}
在您的控制器中,在构造函数上添加一个配置字段和一个参数
private readonly IConfiguration configuration;
public HomeController(IConfiguration config)
{
configuration = config;
}
现在稍后在您的视图代码中,您可以像这样访问它:
connectionString = configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection");
您可以使用 GetConnectionString 扩展方法执行此操作:
string conString = Microsoft
.Extensions
.Configuration
.ConfigurationExtensions
.GetConnectionString(this.Configuration, "DefaultConnection");
System.Console.WriteLine(conString);
或为 DI 使用结构化类:
public class SmtpConfig
{
public string Server { get; set; }
public string User { get; set; }
public string Pass { get; set; }
public int Port { get; set; }
}
启动:
public IConfigurationRoot Configuration { get; }
// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
// http://developer.telerik.com/featured/new-configuration-model-asp-net-core/
// services.Configure<SmtpConfig>(Configuration.GetSection("Smtp"));
Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.OptionsConfigurationServiceCollectionExtensions.Configure<SmtpConfig>(services, Configuration.GetSection("Smtp"));
然后在家庭控制器中:
public class HomeController : Controller
{
public SmtpConfig SmtpConfig { get; }
public HomeController(Microsoft.Extensions.Options.IOptions<SmtpConfig> smtpConfig)
{
SmtpConfig = smtpConfig.Value;
} //Action Controller
public IActionResult Index()
{
System.Console.WriteLine(SmtpConfig);
return View();
}
在 appsettings.json 中有这个:
"ConnectionStrings": {
"DefaultConnection": "Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=aspnet-WebApplica71d622;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"
},
"Smtp": {
"Server": "0.0.0.1",
"User": "user@company.com",
"Pass": "123456789",
"Port": "25"
}
有关更多信息,请参阅链接: https : //docs.microsoft.com/en-us/ef/core/miscellaneous/connection-strings
JSON
{
"ConnectionStrings": {
"BloggingDatabase": "Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=EFGetStarted.ConsoleApp.NewDb;Trusted_Connection=True;"
},
}
C# 启动.cs
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddDbContext<BloggingContext>(options =>
options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("BloggingDatabase")));
}
编辑:aspnetcore,从 3.1 开始: https ://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/configuration/?view = aspnetcore-3.1
我发现解决这个问题的方法是在 Startup 的构建器中使用 AddJsonFile(它允许它找到存储在 appsettings.json 文件中的配置),然后使用它来设置私有 _config 变量
public Startup(IHostingEnvironment env)
{
var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.SetBasePath(env.ContentRootPath)
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
.AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{env.EnvironmentName}.json", optional: true)
.AddEnvironmentVariables();
_config = builder.Build();
}
然后我可以如下设置配置字符串:
var connectionString = _config.GetConnectionString("DbContextSettings:ConnectionString");
这是在 dotnet core 1.1 上
ASP.NET Core (在我的例子中是3.1 )为我们提供了对Controllers 的构造函数注入,所以你可以简单地添加以下构造函数:
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class TestController : ControllerBase
{
private readonly IConfiguration m_config;
public TestController(IConfiguration config)
{
m_config = config;
}
[HttpGet]
public string Get()
{
//you can get connection string as follows
string connectionString = m_config.GetConnectionString("Default")
}
}
appsettings.json 可能如下所示:
{
"ConnectionStrings": {
"Default": "YOUR_CONNECTION_STRING"
}
}
我是这样做的:
我在 appsettings.json 添加了连接字符串
"ConnectionStrings": {
"conStr": "Server=MYSERVER;Database=MYDB;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"},
我创建了一个名为 SqlHelper 的类
public class SqlHelper
{
//this field gets initialized at Startup.cs
public static string conStr;
public static SqlConnection GetConnection()
{
try
{
SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(conStr);
return connection;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e);
throw;
}
}
}
在 Startup.cs 中,我使用 ConfigurationExtensions.GetConnectionString 来获取连接,并将其分配给 SqlHelper.conStr
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
{
Configuration = configuration;
SqlHelper.connectionString = ConfigurationExtensions.GetConnectionString(this.Configuration, "conStr");
}
现在无论你在哪里需要连接字符串,你只需像这样调用它:
SqlHelper.GetConnection();
还有另一种方法。 在我的示例中,您会看到存储库类中的一些业务逻辑,我在 ASP .NET MVC Core 3.1 中使用了依赖注入。
在这里,我想为该业务逻辑获取connectiongString
,因为可能另一个存储库完全可以访问另一个数据库。
这种模式允许您在同一个业务逻辑存储库中访问不同的数据库。
C#
public interface IStatsRepository
{
IEnumerable<FederalDistrict> FederalDistricts();
}
class StatsRepository : IStatsRepository
{
private readonly DbContextOptionsBuilder<EFCoreTestContext>
optionsBuilder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<EFCoreTestContext>();
private readonly IConfigurationRoot configurationRoot;
public StatsRepository()
{
IConfigurationBuilder configurationBuilder = new ConfigurationBuilder().SetBasePath(Environment.CurrentDirectory)
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true);
configurationRoot = configurationBuilder.Build();
}
public IEnumerable<FederalDistrict> FederalDistricts()
{
var conn = configurationRoot.GetConnectionString("EFCoreTestContext");
optionsBuilder.UseSqlServer(conn);
using (var ctx = new EFCoreTestContext(optionsBuilder.Options))
{
return ctx.FederalDistricts.Include(x => x.FederalSubjects).ToList();
}
}
}
appsettings.json
{
"Logging": {
"LogLevel": {
"Default": "Information",
"Microsoft": "Warning",
"Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
}
},
"AllowedHosts": "*",
"ConnectionStrings": {
"EFCoreTestContext": "Data Source=DESKTOP-GNJKL2V\\MSSQLSERVER2014;Database=Test;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"
}
}
在 3.1 中,已经为“ConnectionStrings”定义了一个部分
系统.配置.连接字符串设置
定义:
"ConnectionStrings": {
"ConnectionString": "..."
}
注册:
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.Configure<ConnectionStringSettings>(Configuration.GetSection("ConnectionStrings"));
}
注入:
public class ObjectModelContext : DbContext, IObjectModelContext
{
private readonly ConnectionStringSettings ConnectionStringSettings;
...
public ObjectModelContext(DbContextOptions<ObjectModelContext> options, IOptions<ConnectionStringSettings> setting) : base(options)
{
ConnectionStringSettings = setting.Value;
}
...
}
使用:
public static void ConfigureContext(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder, ConnectionStringSettings connectionStringSettings)
{
if (optionsBuilder.IsConfigured == false)
{
optionsBuilder.UseLazyLoadingProxies()
.UseSqlServer(connectionStringSettings.ConnectionString);
}
}
如果您想从 appsettings.json 获取一个连接字符串到 Model 或 ViewModel(不是控制器),下面的方法可以正常工作。 这适用于 ASP.NET Core 3 及更高版本。 有时您可能需要将 connectionString 放入 Model (用于 SQL 查询)而不是通过 controller 进行依赖注入,因此下面的此方法将从 appsettings 获取您的连接字符串:
public class NameOfYourModel
{
static class getConnection
{
public static IConfigurationRoot Configuration;
public static string GetConnectionString()
{
var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.SetBasePath(System.IO.Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json");
Configuration = builder.Build();
var connectionString =
Configuration.GetConnectionString("connectionStringName");
return connectionString;
}
}
string connStr = getConnection.GetConnectionString().ToString(); //This
//line now has your connectionString which you can use.
//Continue the rest of your code here.
}
太晚了,但在阅读了所有有用的答案和评论后,我最终使用了Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Binder扩展包,并尝试摆脱了硬编码的配置键。
我的解决方案:
IConfigSection.cs
public interface IConfigSection
{
}
配置扩展.cs
public static class ConfigurationExtensions
{
public static TConfigSection GetConfigSection<TConfigSection>(this IConfiguration configuration) where TConfigSection : IConfigSection, new()
{
var instance = new TConfigSection();
var typeName = typeof(TConfigSection).Name;
configuration.GetSection(typeName).Bind(instance);
return instance;
}
}
appsettings.json
{
"AppConfigSection": {
"IsLocal": true
},
"ConnectionStringsConfigSection": {
"ServerConnectionString":"Server=.;Database=MyDb;Trusted_Connection=True;",
"LocalConnectionString":"Data Source=MyDb.db",
},
}
要访问强类型配置,您只需要为此创建一个类,该类实现IConfigSection接口(注意:类名和字段名应与appsettings.json中的部分完全匹配)
AppConfigSection.cs
public class AppConfigSection: IConfigSection
{
public bool IsLocal { get; set; }
}
ConnectionStringsConfigSection.cs
public class ConnectionStringsConfigSection : IConfigSection
{
public string ServerConnectionString { get; set; }
public string LocalConnectionString { get; set; }
public ConnectionStringsConfigSection()
{
// set default values to avoid null reference if
// section is not present in appsettings.json
ServerConnectionString = string.Empty;
LocalConnectionString = string.Empty;
}
}
最后,一个使用示例:
启动文件
public class Startup
{
public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
{
Configuration = configuration;
}
public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
// some stuff
var app = Configuration.GetConfigSection<AppConfigSection>();
var connectionStrings = Configuration.GetConfigSection<ConnectionStringsConfigSection>();
services.AddDbContext<AppDbContext>(options =>
{
if (app.IsLocal)
{
options.UseSqlite(connectionStrings.LocalConnectionString);
}
else
{
options.UseSqlServer(connectionStrings.ServerConnectionString);
}
});
// other stuff
}
}
为了使它整洁,您可以将上面的代码移动到扩展方法中。
就是这样,没有硬编码的配置键。
private readonly IConfiguration configuration;
public DepartmentController(IConfiguration _configuration)
{
configuration = _configuration;
}
[HttpGet]
public JsonResult Get()
{
string sqlDataSource = configuration["ConnectionStrings:DefaultConnection"];
在 .NET Core 6 中
应用设置.json<\/strong>
"ConnectionStrings": {
"DefaultConnection": "Server=**Server Name**;Database=**DB NAME**;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"
}
我有一个数据访问库,它适用于 .net 核心和 .net 框架。
诀窍是在 .net 核心项目中将连接字符串保存在名为“app.config”的 xml 文件中(也适用于 Web 项目),并将其标记为“复制到输出目录”,
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
<connectionStrings>
<add name="conn1" connectionString="...." providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
</connectionStrings>
</configuration>
ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings - 将读取连接字符串。
var conn1 = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["conn1"].ConnectionString;
您可以使用配置扩展方法:getConnectionString("DefaultConnection")
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