如何在SQL中联接这些表

Question

我有以下表格：

   match

 id   |   rival_team
----------------------
|  1  |   chelsea fc
|  2  |   real madrid


   player

 ID   |   name    |   last_name  |
---------------------------------
|  1  |    John   |      Doe     |
|  2  |   Peter   |   Williams   |


   called_up_players  

 match_id   |   player_id  |  substitution_id  |    
---------------------------|-------------------|
|     1     |      1       |         1         |
|     1     |      2       |        NULL       |


   substitution

|     id    |   match_id   | substitute_player_id | replaced_player_id |
---------------------------|----------------------|--------------------|
|     1     |      1       |           1          |          2         |

我有以下SQL语句

SELECT called_up_players.match_id, match.rival_team, player.name, 
           player.last_name, substitution.id
FROM called_up_players, substitution, player, match
WHERE called_up_players.substitution_id = substitution.substitute_player_id
         AND player.id = called_up_players.substitution_id;

和以下输出：

match_id| rival_team |   name   | last_name | substitution_id
--------+------------+----------+-----------+-----------
      1 | chelsea fc |   John   |    Doe    |         1
      1 | real madrid|   John   |    Doe    |         1
(2 rows)

但是，我希望输出像

match_id| rival_team |   name   | last_name | substitution_id
--------+------------+----------+-----=-----+----------------
      1 | chelsea fc |   John   |    Doe    |         1
      2 | real madrid|   John   |    Doe    |        NULL

显示所有被召集到John Doe名单上的比赛。 无论球员参与换人，我都希望有名称和替换ID的列

我想我可以使用JOINS来实现这一点，但是我不知道如何联接表，因此可以得到与上述输出类似的东西。 我尝试了很多声明我出错了。

Answer 1

您要加入匹配项而没有加入条件，因此这将成为交叉联接，而不是内部联接。

这是为什么将不同的联接语法视为最佳实践的一个示例：

FROM called_up_players  
INNER JOIN substitution ON called_up_players.substitution_id = substitution.substitute_player_id  
 INNER JOIN player ON player.id = called_up_players.substitution_id  
 INNER JOIN match ON ???

Answer 2

多亏了Learning2Code和他的回答，我对联接有了更多的了解，最后，我想出了一个获得所需输出的答案。

我不使用INNER JOIN，而是使用LEFT JOIN，以便从左侧的表中检索所有记录，如果右侧的表中没有数据，则该字段为空

SELECT match_id, rival_team, name, last_name, substitution_id        
FROM match  
LEFT JOIN called_up_players ON called_up_players.match_id = match.id
LEFT JOIN player ON player.id = called_up_player.player_id
LEFT JOIN substitution ON called_up_players.substitution_id = substitution.substitution_id
WHERE player.name = 'John' AND player.last_name = 'Doe';

输出：

   partido_id | contrario  |  nombre    | apellido  | cambio_id
 -------------+------------+------------+-----------+------------
            1 | chelsea fc | John       | Doe       |         1
            2 | real madrid| John       | Doe       |
 (2 rows)