Maven 验证 Spring Boot 应用程序类的 ClassNotFoundException

Question

当我尝试为我的 Java Spring Boot 项目运行 Maven 的验证生命周期时，我收到了NoClassDefFoundError 。 它使用mvn spring-boot:run编译得很好，但是当我运行mvn clean verify时它失败了：

$mvn clean verify -Dsurefire.skip=true -X
...
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.209 sec <<< FAILURE! - in com.fitforger.FitForgerBackendApplicationTests
    initializationError(com.fitforger.FitForgerBackendApplicationTests)  Time elapsed: 0.005 sec  <<< ERROR!
    java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/fitforger/model/GymRat
    Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.fitforger.model.GymRat

其中com.fitforger.model.GymRat是我的应用程序的类之一。

项目结构：

+----src
     +----main
     |    +----java
     |    |    +----com
     |    |         +----fitforger
     |    |              +----controller
     |    |              |    +----GymRatController.java
     |    |              |    +----WorkoutNodeController.java
     |    |              +----dao
     |    |              |    +----GymRatDAO.java
     |    |              +----exception
     |    |              |    +----GymRatCreationFailure.java
     |    |              |    +----GymRatExistsException.java
     |    |              |    +----GymRatNotFound.java
     |    |              |    +----GymRatUpdateFailure.java
     |    |              +----FitForgerBackendApplication.java
     |    |              +----model
     |    |              |    +----FitForgerModel.java
     |    |              |    +----GymRat.java
     |    |              |    +----WorkoutAttribute.java
     |    |              |    +----WorkoutNode.java
     |    |              |    +----WorkoutNodeTypes.java
     |    |              +----repository
     |    |                   +----CouchbaseRepository.java
     |    |                   +----FitForgerRepository.java
     |    +----resources
     |         +----application.properties
     +----test
          +----java
          |    +----com
          |         +----fitforger
          |              +----FitForgerBackendApplicationTests.java
          |              +----GymRatSteps.java
          |              +----repository
          |                   +----CouchbaseRepositoryTest.java
          +----resources
               +----com
                    +----fitforger
                         +----GymRat.feature

我的 pom.xml 的相关位：

<build>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>resources</directory>
            <targetPath>${project.build.outputDirectory}</targetPath>
            <includes>
                <include>application.properties</include>
            </includes>
        </resource>
    </resources>

    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.6.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.19.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.1.RELEASE</version>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>

    <pluginManagement>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.5.1.RELEASE</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>pre-integration-test</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>start</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                    <execution>
                        <id>post-integration-test</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>stop</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    <source>${java.version}</source>
                    <target>${java.version}</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.19.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>com.fitforger.FitForgerBackendApplicationTests</exclude>
                    </excludes>
                    <skip>${surefire.skip}</skip>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.19.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <includes>
                        <include>com.fitforger.FitForgerBackendApplicationTests</include>
                    </includes>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>integration-test</goal>
                            <goal>verify</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
</build

Answer 1

通过执行以下操作解决了 OP 问题，

这看起来与您所面临的相似。 你能试试吗

<plugin>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
   <configuration>
        <classifier>exec</classifier>
   </configuration>
 </plugin>

Answer 2

此问题还可能表现为集成测试用例未能找到您的application.properties资源。

发生这种情况是因为spring-boot-maven-plugin完成的 Spring Boot 重新打包的交互，以及maven-failsafe-plugin用于设置集成测试类路径的逻辑。

Failsafe 插件将打包的 JAR 放在类路径上，而不是存放解压类和资源的目录（由project.build.outputDirectory属性给出，通常是${basedir}/target/classes ）。 然而，由spring-boot-maven-plugin完成的重新打包将应用程序的类和资源放置在 JAR 中一个不寻常的位置，因此尽管 Failsafe 检查了 JAR，但它没有找到它正在寻找的东西。

您可以通过在其配置中使用additionalClasspathElements显式告诉 Failsafe 插件将包含解压类和资源的目录放在使用类路径上来解决此问题：

    <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
        <configuration>
            <additionalClasspathElements>
                <additionalClasspathElement>${basedir}/target/classes</additionalClasspathElement>
            </additionalClasspathElements>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*IT.java</include>
            </includes>
        </configuration>
        <executions>
            <execution>
                <goals>
                    <goal>integration-test</goal>
                    <goal>verify</goal>
                </goals>
            </execution>
        </executions>
    </plugin>

Answer 3

如果你没有扩展spring-boot-starter-parent ，你必须在你的故障安全配置中添加classesDirectory （就像spring-boot-starter-parent pom 一样）：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>integration-test</goal>
                <goal>verify</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
    <configuration>
        <!-- this one here! -->
        <classesDirectory>${project.build.outputDirectory}</classesDirectory>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

在关于类似问题的JIRA 评论中发现（ failsafe 2.19+ not working with spring boot 1.4 ）。