[英]win32: How to calculate control sizes for a consistent look across windows versions / themes?
在一个简单的c GUI 库上工作,我从winapi后端开始,现在在计算控件的首选大小时遇到了一些问题。 我正在将我的结果与Windows.Forms
结果进行比较。
现在,我正在使用设计规范和指南 - 视觉设计布局(如按钮和文本框高 14 个“对话框逻辑单位”)中的值来计算winapi实现中的像素大小,同时保持 Windows 窗体的所有默认值。 我创建了这些简单的演示实现:
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace W32CtlTest
{
public class Demo : Form
{
private FlowLayoutPanel panel;
private Button button;
private TextBox textBox;
public Demo() : base()
{
Text = "winforms";
panel = new FlowLayoutPanel();
button = new Button();
button.Text = "test";
button.Click += (sender, args) =>
{
Close();
};
panel.Controls.Add(button);
textBox = new TextBox();
panel.Controls.Add(textBox);
Controls.Add(panel);
}
protected override Size DefaultSize
{
get
{
return new Size(240,100);
}
}
public static void Main(string[] argv)
{
if (argv.Length < 1 || argv[0] != "-s")
{
Application.EnableVisualStyles();
}
Application.Run(new Demo());
}
}
}
使用C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework\\v4.0.30319\\csc.exe /out:demo.exe /lib:C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework\\v4.0.30319 /reference:System.Windows.Forms.dll,System.Drawing.dll demo.cs
#include <string.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <commctrl.h>
static HINSTANCE instance;
static HWND mainWindow;
static HWND button;
static HWND textBox;
#define WC_mainWindow L"W32CtlTestDemo"
#define CID_button 0x101
static NONCLIENTMETRICSW ncm;
static HFONT messageFont;
static TEXTMETRICW messageFontMetrics;
static int buttonWidth;
static int buttonHeight;
static int textBoxWidth;
static int textBoxHeight;
/* hack to enable visual styles without relying on manifest
* found at http://stackoverflow.com/a/10444161
* modified for unicode-only code */
static int enableVisualStyles(void)
{
wchar_t dir[MAX_PATH];
ULONG_PTR ulpActivationCookie = 0;
ACTCTXW actCtx =
{
sizeof(actCtx),
ACTCTX_FLAG_RESOURCE_NAME_VALID
| ACTCTX_FLAG_SET_PROCESS_DEFAULT
| ACTCTX_FLAG_ASSEMBLY_DIRECTORY_VALID,
L"shell32.dll", 0, 0, dir, (LPWSTR)124,
0, 0
};
UINT cch = GetSystemDirectoryW(dir, sizeof(dir) / sizeof(*dir));
if (cch >= sizeof(dir) / sizeof(*dir)) { return 0; }
dir[cch] = L'\0';
ActivateActCtx(CreateActCtxW(&actCtx), &ulpActivationCookie);
return (int) ulpActivationCookie;
}
static void init(void)
{
INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX icx;
icx.dwSize = sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX);
icx.dwICC = ICC_WIN95_CLASSES;
InitCommonControlsEx(&icx);
ncm.cbSize = sizeof(ncm);
SystemParametersInfoW(SPI_GETNONCLIENTMETRICS, ncm.cbSize, &ncm, 0);
messageFont = CreateFontIndirectW(&ncm.lfStatusFont);
HDC dc = GetDC(0);
SelectObject(dc, (HGDIOBJ) messageFont);
GetTextMetricsW(dc, &messageFontMetrics);
SIZE sampleSize;
GetTextExtentExPointW(dc,
L"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
52, 0, 0, 0, &sampleSize);
ReleaseDC(0, dc);
buttonWidth = MulDiv(sampleSize.cx, 50, 4 * 52);
buttonHeight = MulDiv(messageFontMetrics.tmHeight, 14, 8);
textBoxWidth = 100;
textBoxHeight = MulDiv(messageFontMetrics.tmHeight, 14, 8);
instance = GetModuleHandleW(0);
}
static LRESULT CALLBACK wproc(HWND w, UINT msg, WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp)
{
switch (msg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
button = CreateWindowExW(0, L"Button", L"test",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_PUSHBUTTON,
2, 2, buttonWidth, buttonHeight,
w, (HMENU)CID_button, instance, 0);
SendMessageW(button, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)messageFont, 0);
textBox = CreateWindowExW(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, L"Edit", L"",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|ES_AUTOHSCROLL,
6 + buttonWidth, 2, textBoxWidth, textBoxHeight,
w, 0, instance, 0);
SendMessageW(textBox, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)messageFont, 0);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
switch (LOWORD(wp))
{
case CID_button:
DestroyWindow(w);
break;
}
break;
}
return DefWindowProcW(w, msg, wp, lp);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc < 2 || strcmp(argv[1], "-s"))
{
enableVisualStyles();
}
init();
WNDCLASSEXW wc;
memset(&wc, 0, sizeof(wc));
wc.cbSize = sizeof(wc);
wc.hInstance = instance;
wc.lpszClassName = WC_mainWindow;
wc.lpfnWndProc = wproc;
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) COLOR_WINDOW;
wc.hCursor = LoadCursorA(0, IDC_ARROW);
RegisterClassExW(&wc);
mainWindow = CreateWindowExW(0, WC_mainWindow, L"winapi",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 240, 100,
0, 0, instance, 0);
ShowWindow(mainWindow, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
MSG msg;
while (GetMessageW(&msg, 0, 0, 0) > 0)
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessageW(&msg);
}
return (int)msg.wParam;
}
用gcc -odemo.exe -O2 demo.c -lgdi32 -lcomctl32
测试代码也可以在github上找到
在 Windows 10 上看起来像这样,在上排启用视觉样式,在下排禁用视觉样式:
我很快发现的一件事是Windows.Forms
不使用消息字体(如我所料)而是使用DEFAULT_GUI_FONT
虽然这不是正确的做法,但我相应地更改了我的 win32 代码,以便我可以比较结果更好的:
为了完整起见,以下是没有视觉样式的 Windows 7 上的样子:
现在我的问题是:
使用消息字体是否正确? 那么,Windows.Forms 肯定把这个“错了”?
显然,Windows.Forms 对按钮使用 14 DLU 高度,但对 TextBox 使用一些较小的高度。 这与设计规范相矛盾。 那么 Windows.Forms 在这里也是错误的吗? 或者 TextBoxes 实际上应该更小,所以文本看起来不像是“悬挂在天花板上”? 我认为这确实比 Windows.Forms 看起来更好。
比较启用/禁用的视觉样式,我发现如果没有视觉样式,我的按钮和文本框的高度相同,但在 Windows 10 上启用视觉样式时,文本框实际上更高。 是否有“主题特定指标”之类的东西,如果有,我该如何使用它来纠正我的计算?
这只是我在此处添加以供参考的部分答案:
事实上,根据Raymond Chen 的这篇博客文章,使用DEFAULT_GUI_FONT
是错误的。 因此,无需相信winform会做“正确的事情”。
设计规范指出编辑控件的高度应与按钮 (14 DLU) 相同。 要将这些转换为像素大小,需要对话框基本单位 (DBU),虽然GetDialogBaseUnits()仅返回系统字体的它们,但MSDN文章描述了如何为其他字体计算它们。
1 个垂直 DBU 对应 8 个 DLU,因此一个 Edit 控件将比它包含的文本高 6 个 DLU。 这看起来不太好,因为“编辑”控件不会将文本垂直居中,而是将其在顶部对齐。 winforms通过为 Edit 控件计算较小的大小来避免这种情况。 缺点是编辑控件不会很好地与按钮对齐。
我通过在覆盖的窗口过程中缩小编辑控件的客户区,找到了一种解决该问题的“hacky”解决方案。 以下代码比较了结果(并包含使用系统字体的控件以确保完整性):
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <commctrl.h>
typedef struct PaddedControl
{
WNDPROC baseWndProc;
int vshrink;
} PaddedControl;
static HINSTANCE instance;
static HWND mainWindow;
static HWND buttonSF;
static HWND textBoxSF;
static HWND buttonMF;
static HWND textBoxMF;
static HWND buttonMFC;
static HWND textBoxMFC;
static PaddedControl textBoxMFCPadded;
#define WC_mainWindow L"W32CtlTestDemo"
static NONCLIENTMETRICSW ncm;
static HFONT messageFont;
static TEXTMETRICW messageFontMetrics;
static int controlHeightSF;
static int controlHeightMF;
static int buttonWidthSF;
static int buttonWidthMF;
/* hack to enable visual styles without relying on manifest
* found at http://stackoverflow.com/a/10444161
* modified for unicode-only code */
static int enableVisualStyles(void)
{
wchar_t dir[MAX_PATH];
ULONG_PTR ulpActivationCookie = 0;
ACTCTXW actCtx =
{
sizeof(actCtx),
ACTCTX_FLAG_RESOURCE_NAME_VALID
| ACTCTX_FLAG_SET_PROCESS_DEFAULT
| ACTCTX_FLAG_ASSEMBLY_DIRECTORY_VALID,
L"shell32.dll", 0, 0, dir, (LPWSTR)124,
0, 0
};
UINT cch = GetSystemDirectoryW(dir, sizeof(dir) / sizeof(*dir));
if (cch >= sizeof(dir) / sizeof(*dir)) { return 0; }
dir[cch] = L'\0';
ActivateActCtx(CreateActCtxW(&actCtx), &ulpActivationCookie);
return (int) ulpActivationCookie;
}
static void init(void)
{
INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX icx;
icx.dwSize = sizeof(INITCOMMONCONTROLSEX);
icx.dwICC = ICC_WIN95_CLASSES;
InitCommonControlsEx(&icx);
ncm.cbSize = sizeof(ncm);
SystemParametersInfoW(SPI_GETNONCLIENTMETRICS, ncm.cbSize, &ncm, 0);
messageFont = CreateFontIndirectW(&ncm.lfStatusFont);
LONG sysDbu = GetDialogBaseUnits();
HDC dc = GetDC(0);
SelectObject(dc, (HGDIOBJ) messageFont);
GetTextMetricsW(dc, &messageFontMetrics);
SIZE sampleSize;
GetTextExtentExPointW(dc,
L"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz",
52, 0, 0, 0, &sampleSize);
ReleaseDC(0, dc);
controlHeightSF = MulDiv(HIWORD(sysDbu), 14, 8);
controlHeightMF = MulDiv(messageFontMetrics.tmHeight, 14, 8);
buttonWidthSF = MulDiv(LOWORD(sysDbu), 50, 4);
buttonWidthMF = MulDiv(sampleSize.cx, 50, 4 * 52);
instance = GetModuleHandleW(0);
}
static LRESULT CALLBACK paddedControlProc(
HWND w, UINT msg, WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp)
{
PaddedControl *self = (PaddedControl *)GetPropW(w, L"paddedControl");
WNDCLASSEXW wc;
switch (msg)
{
case WM_ERASEBKGND:
wc.cbSize = sizeof(wc);
GetClassInfoExW(0, L"Edit", &wc);
RECT cr;
GetClientRect(w, &cr);
cr.top -= self->vshrink;
cr.bottom += self->vshrink;
HDC dc = GetDC(w);
FillRect(dc, &cr, wc.hbrBackground);
ReleaseDC(w, dc);
return 1;
case WM_NCCALCSIZE:
if (!wp) break;
LRESULT result = CallWindowProcW(self->baseWndProc, w, msg, wp, lp);
NCCALCSIZE_PARAMS *p = (NCCALCSIZE_PARAMS *)lp;
int height = p->rgrc[0].bottom - p->rgrc[0].top;
self->vshrink = 0;
if (height > messageFontMetrics.tmHeight + 3)
{
self->vshrink = (height - messageFontMetrics.tmHeight - 3) / 2;
p->rgrc[0].top += self->vshrink;
p->rgrc[0].bottom -= self->vshrink;
}
return result;
}
return CallWindowProcW(self->baseWndProc, w, msg, wp, lp);
}
static LRESULT CALLBACK wproc(HWND w, UINT msg, WPARAM wp, LPARAM lp)
{
switch (msg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
buttonSF = CreateWindowExW(0, L"Button", L"sysfont",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_PUSHBUTTON,
4, 4, buttonWidthSF, controlHeightSF,
w, 0, instance, 0);
buttonMF = CreateWindowExW(0, L"Button", L"msgfont",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_PUSHBUTTON,
4, 8 + controlHeightSF, buttonWidthMF, controlHeightMF,
w, 0, instance, 0);
SendMessageW(buttonMF, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)messageFont, 0);
buttonMFC = CreateWindowExW(0, L"Button", L"msgfont adj",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_PUSHBUTTON,
4, 12 + controlHeightSF + controlHeightMF,
buttonWidthMF, controlHeightMF,
w, 0, instance, 0);
SendMessageW(buttonMFC, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)messageFont, 0);
textBoxSF = CreateWindowExW(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, L"Edit", L"abcdefgh",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|ES_AUTOHSCROLL,
8 + buttonWidthSF, 4, 100, controlHeightSF,
w, 0, instance, 0);
textBoxMF = CreateWindowExW(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, L"Edit", L"abcdefgh",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|ES_AUTOHSCROLL,
8 + buttonWidthMF, 8 + controlHeightSF,
100, controlHeightMF,
w, 0, instance, 0);
SendMessageW(textBoxMF, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)messageFont, 0);
textBoxMFC = CreateWindowExW(WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, L"Edit", L"abcdefgh",
WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|ES_AUTOHSCROLL,
8 + buttonWidthMF, 12 + controlHeightSF + controlHeightMF,
100, controlHeightMF,
w, 0, instance, 0);
memset(&textBoxMFCPadded, 0, sizeof(PaddedControl));
textBoxMFCPadded.baseWndProc = (WNDPROC)SetWindowLongPtr(
textBoxMFC, GWLP_WNDPROC, (LONG_PTR)paddedControlProc);
SetPropW(textBoxMFC, L"paddedControl", &textBoxMFCPadded);
SetWindowPos(textBoxMFC, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
SWP_NOOWNERZORDER|SWP_NOSIZE|SWP_NOMOVE|SWP_FRAMECHANGED);
SendMessageW(textBoxMFC, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)messageFont, 0);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
}
return DefWindowProcW(w, msg, wp, lp);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
if (argc < 2 || strcmp(argv[1], "-s"))
{
enableVisualStyles();
}
init();
WNDCLASSEXW wc;
memset(&wc, 0, sizeof(wc));
wc.cbSize = sizeof(wc);
wc.hInstance = instance;
wc.lpszClassName = WC_mainWindow;
wc.lpfnWndProc = wproc;
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) COLOR_WINDOW;
wc.hCursor = LoadCursorA(0, IDC_ARROW);
RegisterClassExW(&wc);
mainWindow = CreateWindowExW(0, WC_mainWindow, L"fontdemo",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 240, 180,
0, 0, instance, 0);
ShowWindow(mainWindow, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
MSG msg;
while (GetMessageW(&msg, 0, 0, 0) > 0)
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessageW(&msg);
}
return (int)msg.wParam;
}
使用此 hack 的最后一行控件是迄今为止我能实现的最佳控件:
如您所见,仍然存在的一个问题是 Button 和 Edit 控件的高度与 Windows 10 的视觉样式主题不同。所以我仍然很高兴看到这个问题的更好答案。
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