[英]How to render a graph as image in node
我想在服务器上以图像格式呈现堆叠条形图。
预期用途是推送到不支持 SVG 的服务,如 twitter。以及可部署到 Heroku 等服务的代码
我已经尝试过 Plotly(他们的节点 package 已经过时了,他们的 API 文档很差)。 我还查看了 Google Graph、Chart.js 和 AnyChart,但据我所知,它们不支持渲染图像
您可以使用Vega完成此操作
Vega 是一种可视化语法,一种用于创建、保存和共享交互式可视化设计的声明性格式。 使用 Vega,您可以以 JSON 格式描述数据可视化,并使用 HTML5 Canvas 或 SVG 生成交互式视图。
例如,使用堆积条形图示例规范,您可以使用以下代码将图表渲染为 PNG 文件:
// START vega-demo.js
var vega = require('vega')
var fs = require('fs')
var stackedBarChartSpec = require('./stacked-bar-chart.spec.json');
// create a new view instance for a given Vega JSON spec
var view = new vega
.View(vega.parse(stackedBarChartSpec))
.renderer('none')
.initialize();
// generate static PNG file from chart
view
.toCanvas()
.then(function (canvas) {
// process node-canvas instance for example, generate a PNG stream to write var
// stream = canvas.createPNGStream();
console.log('Writing PNG to file...')
fs.writeFile('stackedBarChart.png', canvas.toBuffer())
})
.catch(function (err) {
console.log("Error writing PNG to file:")
console.error(err)
});
// END vega-demo.js
// START stacked-bar-chart.spec.json
{
"$schema": "https://vega.github.io/schema/vega/v3.0.json",
"width": 500,
"height": 200,
"padding": 5,
"data": [
{
"name": "table",
"values": [
{"x": 0, "y": 28, "c":0}, {"x": 0, "y": 55, "c":1},
{"x": 1, "y": 43, "c":0}, {"x": 1, "y": 91, "c":1},
{"x": 2, "y": 81, "c":0}, {"x": 2, "y": 53, "c":1},
{"x": 3, "y": 19, "c":0}, {"x": 3, "y": 87, "c":1},
{"x": 4, "y": 52, "c":0}, {"x": 4, "y": 48, "c":1},
{"x": 5, "y": 24, "c":0}, {"x": 5, "y": 49, "c":1},
{"x": 6, "y": 87, "c":0}, {"x": 6, "y": 66, "c":1},
{"x": 7, "y": 17, "c":0}, {"x": 7, "y": 27, "c":1},
{"x": 8, "y": 68, "c":0}, {"x": 8, "y": 16, "c":1},
{"x": 9, "y": 49, "c":0}, {"x": 9, "y": 15, "c":1}
],
"transform": [
{
"type": "stack",
"groupby": ["x"],
"sort": {"field": "c"},
"field": "y"
}
]
}
],
"scales": [
{
"name": "x",
"type": "band",
"range": "width",
"domain": {"data": "table", "field": "x"}
},
{
"name": "y",
"type": "linear",
"range": "height",
"nice": true, "zero": true,
"domain": {"data": "table", "field": "y1"}
},
{
"name": "color",
"type": "ordinal",
"range": "category",
"domain": {"data": "table", "field": "c"}
}
],
"axes": [
{"orient": "bottom", "scale": "x", "zindex": 1},
{"orient": "left", "scale": "y", "zindex": 1}
],
"marks": [
{
"type": "rect",
"from": {"data": "table"},
"encode": {
"enter": {
"x": {"scale": "x", "field": "x"},
"width": {"scale": "x", "band": 1, "offset": -1},
"y": {"scale": "y", "field": "y0"},
"y2": {"scale": "y", "field": "y1"},
"fill": {"scale": "color", "field": "c"}
},
"update": {
"fillOpacity": {"value": 1}
},
"hover": {
"fillOpacity": {"value": 0.5}
}
}
}
]
}
// END stacked-bar-chart.spec.json
我使用 Nightmare 无头浏览器在 Node.js 下捕获图表、可视化和报告。
使用 Nightmare 可以让你在 Node.js 下使用各种基于浏览器的可视化框架,包括C3和D3 ,它们都很棒。
我实际上创建了一个名为c3-chart-maker的 npm 模块,它封装了 Nightmare 并允许您通过向它提供一些数据和 C3 图表定义来在 Node.js 下渲染图表。
像这样安装它:
npm install --save c3-chart-maker
像这样使用它:
const c3ChartMaker = require('c3-chart-maker');
const yourData = ... your data ...
const chartDefinition = { ... c3 chart definition ... }
const outputFilePath = "your-chart-output-file.png";
c3ChartMaker(yourData, chartDefinition, outputFilePath)
.then(() => {
console.log('Done');
})
.catch(err => {
console.error(err);
});
请查看C3 示例库以获取图表示例并查看 C3 图表定义的外观。
您还可以手动使用 Nightmare 来捕获任何网页或基于浏览器的可视化。
安装噩梦:
npm install --save nightmare
这是一个可以捕获网页的示例:
const Nightmare = require('nightmare');
// This is the web page to capture.
// It can also be a local web server!
// Or serve from the file system using file://
const urlToCapture = "http://my-visualization.com";
const outputFilePath = "your-chart-output-file.png";
const nightmare = new Nightmare(); // Create Nightmare instance.
nightmare.goto(urlToCapture) // Point the browser at the requested web page.
.wait("svg") // Wait until the specified HTML element appears on the screen.
.screenshot(outputImagePath) // Capture a screenshot to an image file.
.end() // End the Nightmare session. Any queued operations are completed and the headless browser is terminated.
.then(() => {
console.log("Done!");
})
.catch(err => {
console.error(err);
});
我还在我的书Data Wrangling with JavaScript 中专门用了一整章来讨论这个问题。
出于我的目的,我只想 plot 图表而不启动本地主机服务器或任何东西。 所以我使用chartjs-node-canvas
和chart.js
安装:
npm i chartjs-node-canvas chart.js
在这里我将它写入一个文件以显示它有效但我个人只需要 Base64 字符串上传到某个地方
// Install libs with: npm i chartjs-node-canvas chart.js
// Docs https://www.npmjs.com/package/chartjs-node-canvas
// Config documentation https://www.chartjs.org/docs/latest/axes/
const fs = require('fs');
const { ChartJSNodeCanvas } = require('chartjs-node-canvas');
const width = 400; //px
const height = 400; //px
const backgroundColour = 'white'; // Uses https://www.w3schools.com/tags/canvas_fillstyle.asp
const chartJSNodeCanvas = new ChartJSNodeCanvas({ width, height, backgroundColour });
const configuration = {
type: 'line', // for line chart
data: {
labels: [2018, 2019, 2020, 2021],
datasets: [{
label: "Sample 1",
data: [10, 15, -20, 15],
fill: false,
borderColor: ['rgb(51, 204, 204)'],
borderWidth: 1,
xAxisID: 'xAxis1' //define top or bottom axis ,modifies on scale
},
{
label: "Sample 2",
data: [10, 30, 20, 10],
fill: false,
borderColor: ['rgb(255, 102, 255)'],
borderWidth: 1,
xAxisID: 'xAxis1'
},
],
},
options: {
scales: {
y: {
suggestedMin: 0,
}
}
}
}
async function run() {
const dataUrl = await chartJSNodeCanvas.renderToDataURL(configuration);
const base64Image = dataUrl
var base64Data = base64Image.replace(/^data:image\/png;base64,/, "");
fs.writeFile("out.png", base64Data, 'base64', function (err) {
if (err) {
console.log(err);
}
});
return dataUrl
}
run()
这是文档https://www.npmjs.com/package/chartjs-node-canvas ,配置文档在这里https://www.chartjs.org/docs/latest/axes/
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