[英]How to test method which uses other method - Mockito, java, junit
我想测试使用另一种方法吗? 我尝试使用Mockito做到这一点,如下所示:
编辑:完整方法
public String createUrlAddress(TypeOfInformation typeOfInformation, String icao) {
switch (typeOfInformation) {
case METAR:
urlAddress = StaticValues.MAIN_URL_ADDRESS_FOR_METAR + icao;
break;
case TAF:
urlAddress = StaticValues.MAIN_URL_ADDRESS_FOR_TAF + icao + StaticValues.TAF_4_HOURS_BEFORE_NOW;
break;
case CITY_PAIR_METAR:
urlAddress = StaticValues.MAIN_URL_ADDRESS_FOR_CITY_PAIRS
+ pc.getDepartureAndArrivalTime().get("departureTime") //get departure time from hashmap
+ StaticValues.END_TIME_STRING
+ pc.getDepartureAndArrivalTime().get("arrivalTime")
+ StaticValues.STATION_STRING
+ pc.getOriginIcao()
+ ","
+ pc.getDestinationIcao()
+ StaticValues.MOST_RECENT_FOR_TYPED_STATIONS;
System.out.println(urlAddress);
break;
case CITY_PAIR_TAFS:
urlAddress = StaticValues.MAIN_URL_ADDRESS_FOR_CITY_PAIRS_TAFS
+ pc.getDepartureAndArrivalTime().get("departureTime")
+ StaticValues.END_TIME_STRING
+ pc.getDepartureAndArrivalTime().get("arrivalTime")
+ StaticValues.STATION_STRING
+ pc.getOriginIcao()
+ ",%20"
+ pc.getDestinationIcao()
+ StaticValues.MOST_RECENT_FOR_TYPED_STATIONS_TAFS;
System.out.println(urlAddress);
break;
default:
System.out.println("Wrong Type of informations");
}
return urlAddress;
}
测试:
@Test
public void forGivenTypeOfInformationAndIcaoReturnUrl() {
HashMap<String,Long> departureAndArrivalTimeTest = new HashMap<>();
departureAndArrivalTimeTest.put("departureTime", 1499264449L);
departureAndArrivalTimeTest.put("arrivalTime", 1499282449L);
PageControllerForNearestCity pcSpy = Mockito.spy(pc);
Mockito.when(pcSpy.getDepartureAndArrivalTime()).thenReturn(departureAndArrivalTimeTest);
Mockito.when(pcSpy.getOriginIcao()).thenReturn("EPWA");
Mockito.when(pcSpy.getDestinationIcao()).thenReturn("EDDF");
assertThat(StaticValuesForTest.URL_ADDRESS_FOR_CITY_PAIR_METAR).isEqualTo(xmlParser.createUrlAddress(TypeOfInformation.CITY_PAIR_METAR, "EPGD")); }
在这种情况下,如何使用我的模拟? 是好的方法还是我必须以其他方式来做? 我想补充一点,我不会将这些变量作为此方法的参数添加。
PS我以为该方法只有一个可重复性,只创建一个字符串,对吗? 是否应该将其划分为另一个类似“服务”的内容?
谢谢你的支持
您的测试在实现细节中输入了太多内容。
您可以模拟自己的方法处理/逻辑。 因此,它使测试变得脆弱,我们可能会怀疑您的主张是什么。
此外,该测试阅读和维护都很复杂。
最后,与每种情况相关的处理都很重要。 这是您方法的主要逻辑:
case CITY_PAIR_METAR:
urlAddress = StaticValues.MAIN_URL_ADDRESS_FOR_CITY_PAIRS
+ pc.getDepartureAndArrivalTime().get("departureTime") //get departure time from hashmap
+ StaticValues.END_TIME_STRING
+ pc.getDepartureAndArrivalTime().get("arrivalTime") //get arrival time from hashmap
+ StaticValues.STATION_STRING
+ pc.getOriginIcao()
+ ","
+ pc.getDestinationIcao()
+ StaticValues.MOST_RECENT_FOR_TYPED_STATIONS;
System.out.println(urlAddress);
它应该像实际一样在没有嘲笑的情况下进行测试。
为此,您应该通过引入一个新类来分隔职责。
实际的类仅应具有控制器/调度程序角色,而新的类应根据情况使用公共方法执行逻辑。
这样,您要测试的类可以依赖于该类,并且可以直接模拟它们。
您的实际方法最终看起来像:
private AddressService addressService;
public String createUrlAddress(TypeOfInformation typeOfInformation, String icao) {
switch (typeOfInformation) {
(...)
case CITY_PAIR_METAR:
urlAddress = addressService.createUrl();
break;
(...)
default:
System.out.println("Wrong Type of informations");
}
return urlAddress;
}
@rafaelim在您回复后,我更新了我的测试类并将模拟注入到该类中,如下所示:
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
departureAndArrivalTimeTest = new HashMap<>();
xmlParser = new XmlParser();
pc = new PageControllerForNearestCity();
departureAndArrivalTimeTest.put("departureTime", 1499264449L); //second arg dep time in sec
departureAndArrivalTimeTest.put("arrivalTime", 1499282449L); //second arg arr time in sec
}
@Test
public void forGivenTypeOfInformationAndIcaoReturnUrl() {
PageControllerForNearestCity pcSpy = Mockito.spy(pc);
xmlParser.setPc(pcSpy);
Mockito.when(pcSpy.getDepartureAndArrivalTime()).thenReturn(departureAndArrivalTimeTest);
Mockito.when(pcSpy.getOriginIcao()).thenReturn("EPWA");
Mockito.when(pcSpy.getDestinationIcao()).thenReturn("EDDF");
assertThat(StaticValuesForTest.URL_ADDRESS_FOR_METAR).isEqualTo(xmlParser.createUrlAddress(TypeOfInformation.METAR, "EPGD"));
assertThat(StaticValuesForTest.URL_ADDRESS_FOR_TAF).isEqualTo(xmlParser.createUrlAddress(TypeOfInformation.TAF, "EPGD"));
assertThat(StaticValuesForTest.URL_ADDRESS_FOR_CITY_PAIR_METAR).isEqualTo(xmlParser.createUrlAddress(TypeOfInformation.CITY_PAIR_METAR, "EPGD"));
assertThat(StaticValuesForTest.URL_ADDRESS_FOR_CITY_PAIR_TAF).isEqualTo(xmlParser.createUrlAddress(TypeOfInformation.CITY_PAIR_TAFS, "EPGD"));
}
测试通过了,但是有点难以理解,我认为我必须使用“干净的代码”。
编辑:@davidxxx请看一下:
public class UrlAddressService {
PageControllerForNearestCity pc = new PageControllerForNearestCity();
public String createUrlForMetar() {
String urlAddressForMetars = new StringBuilder()
.append(StaticValues.MAIN_URL_ADDRESS_FOR_CITY_PAIRS)
.append(pc.getDepartureAndArrivalTime().get("departureTime"))
.append(StaticValues.END_TIME_STRING)
.append(pc.getDepartureAndArrivalTime().get("arrivalTime"))
.append(StaticValues.STATION_STRING)
.append(pc.getOriginIcao())
.append(",")
.append(pc.getDestinationIcao())
.append(StaticValues.MOST_RECENT_FOR_TYPED_STATIONS_METARS)
.toString();
return urlAddressForMetars;
}
public String createUrlForTaf() {
String urlAddressForTafs = new StringBuilder()
.append(StaticValues.MAIN_URL_ADDRESS_FOR_CITY_PAIRS_TAFS)
.append(pc.getDepartureAndArrivalTime().get("departureTime"))
.append(StaticValues.END_TIME_STRING)
.append(pc.getDepartureAndArrivalTime().get("arrivalTime"))
.append(StaticValues.STATION_STRING)
.append(pc.getOriginIcao())
.append(",%20")
.append(pc.getDestinationIcao())
.append(StaticValues.MOST_RECENT_FOR_TYPED_STATIONS_TAFS)
.toString();
return urlAddressForTafs;
}
}
和createUrlAddress方法:
public String createUrlAddress(TypeOfInformation typeOfInformation, String icao) {
switch (typeOfInformation) {
case METAR:
urlAddress = StaticValues.MAIN_URL_ADDRESS_FOR_METAR + icao;
break;
case TAF:
urlAddress = StaticValues.MAIN_URL_ADDRESS_FOR_TAF + icao + StaticValues.TAF_4_HOURS_BEFORE_NOW;
break;
case CITY_PAIR_METAR:
urlAddress = addressService.createUrlForMetar();
break;
case CITY_PAIR_TAFS:
urlAddress = addressService.createUrlForTaf();
break;
default:
System.out.println("Wrong Type of informations");
}
return urlAddress;
}
您认为这是更好的方法吗? 在构建URL字符串期间,我无法减少代码,因为Tafs和Metars有3个不同的代码部分。 如果我的考试很差,你能告诉我最佳的测试方法吗?
我认为您的方向正确! 您在嘲笑代码的依赖关系,而该依赖关系正是PageControllerForNearestCity!
关于模拟的一种观察,您必须将其注入xmlParser中,如下所示:
@Test
public void forGivenTypeOfInformationAndIcaoReturnUrl() {
// here you created the mock
PageControllerForNearestCity pcSpy = Mockito.spy(pc);
// I'll assume that xmlParser is the subject of your test
// and that you're injecting the mock like code below
xmlParser.setPageController(pcSpy);
// Configure the mock and then you do the assertion
assertThat(...)
}
PS我以为该方法只有一个可重复性,只创建一个字符串,对吗? 是否应该将其划分为另一个类似“服务”的内容?
您的方法很好! 它确实做得很好,而且是从TypeOfInformation构建URL
我的建议是,在编写测试代码并使其通过之后,您可以重构代码! 您可以删除代码重复并使其更具可读性!
请记住:
“任何傻瓜都可以编写计算机可以理解的代码。 好的程序员编写人类可以理解的代码。”
马丁·福勒
好的编码!
编辑一些带有重构的代码示例
public String createUrlAddress(TypeOfInformation typeOfInformation, String icao) {
String urlAddress;
switch (typeOfInformation) {
case METAR:
urlAddress = StaticValues.MAIN_URL_ADDRESS_FOR_METAR + icao;
break;
case TAF:
urlAddress = StaticValues.MAIN_URL_ADDRESS_FOR_TAF + icao + StaticValues.TAF_4_HOURS_BEFORE_NOW;
break;
case CITY_PAIR_METAR:
// We delegate the build logic to pc because
// all the information needed to build the url
// is in the PageControllerForNearestCity class
urlAddress = pc.urlAddressForCityPairMetar();
break;
case CITY_PAIR_TAFS:
// Same
urlAddress = pc.urlAddressForCityPairTafs();
break;
default:
System.out.println("Wrong Type of informations");
}
return urlAddress;
}
class PageControllerForNearestCity {
public String urlAddressForCityPairMetar() {
return urlBasedOn(StaticValues.MAIN_URL_ADDRESS_FOR_CITY_PAIRSS, ",", StaticValues.MOST_RECENT_FOR_TYPED_STATIONS);
}
public String urlAddressForCityPairTafs() {
return urlBasedOn(StaticValues.MAIN_URL_ADDRESS_FOR_CITY_PAIRS_TAFS, ",%20", StaticValues.MOST_RECENT_FOR_TYPED_STATIONS_TAFS);
}
// This method removes the duplication that I mentioned before
private String urlBasedOn(String mainUrl, String separator, String endString) {
return mainUrl
+ this.getDepartureAndArrivalTime().get("departureTime")
+ StaticValues.END_TIME_STRING
+ this.getDepartureAndArrivalTime().get("arrivalTime")
+ StaticValues.STATION_STRING
+ this.getOriginIcao()
+ separator
+ this.getDestinationIcao()
+ endString;
}
}
请注意,在此重构之后, forGivenTypeOfInformationAndIcaoReturnUrl测试方法将变得更加简单。 但是您将必须为urlAddressForCityPairMetar ()和urlAddressForCityPairTafs ()创建测试。
声明:本站的技术帖子网页,遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议,如果您需要转载,请注明本站网址或者原文地址。任何问题请咨询:yoyou2525@163.com.