[英]Check if a string contains an IPV6 address in PHP
使用PHP,我需要检查字符串是否包含IPv6地址-如果存在,则提取该IPv6地址。
如果正好是IPv6,我有一个正则表达式可以匹配字符串:
$matches = [];
$regex = '/^(((?=.*(::))(?!.*\3.+\3))\3?|([\dA-F]{1,4}(\3|:\b|$)|\2))(?4){5}((?4){2}|(((2[0-4]|1\d|[1-9])?\d|25[0-5])\.?\b){4})\z/i';
preg_match($regex, $ipv6, $matches);
我所坚持的是能够在任一侧添加通配符,因此我可以匹配以下内容:
最终,我需要这样做,以便可以将方括号括在IPv6地址周围,因此它符合RFC 3986(例如, http://[2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334]/something/page.html
)。
您需要使用另一个正则表达式,如下所示 :
(([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){7,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}:|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,6}:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,2}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,3}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,5}|[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,6})|:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,7}|:)|fe80:(:[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}|::(ffff(:0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9]))
之后,您可以将ipv6包装在您的链接中:
<?php
$ipv6 = 'http://2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334/something/page.html';
$matches = [];
$regex = '(([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){7,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}:|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,6}:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,2}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,3}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,5}|[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,6})|:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,7}|:)|fe80:(:[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}|::(ffff(:0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9]))';
if (preg_match($regex, $ipv6, $matches)) {
$result = str_replace($matches[0], '[' . $matches[0] . ']', $ipv6);
}
我还没有完全测试代码,所以不能100%地确定它可以工作,但是,我在几个不同的URL上运行了它,似乎工作正常。
我已经接受了以下部分答案:
这是我想出的:
(?(DEFINE)
(?<scheme>[a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*)
(?<userpass>([^:@\/](:[^:@\/])?@))
(?<domain>[a-z0-9]+(-[a-z0-9]+)*(\.[a-z0-9]+(-[a-z0-9]+)*)+)
(?<ip>(([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){7,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}:|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,6}:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,2}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,3}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,5}|[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,6})|:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,7}|:)|fe80:(:[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}|::(ffff(:0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])))
(?<host>((?&domain)|(?&ip)))
(?<port>(:[\d]{1,5}))
(?<path>([^?;\#]*))
(?<query>(\?[^\#;]*))
(?<anchor>(\#.*))
)
^(?:(?&scheme):\/\/)?(?&userpass)?(?<address>(?&host))(?&port)?\/?(?&path)?(?&query)?(?&anchor)?$
点击此链接查看其使用情况
上面的正则表达式将匹配包含有效域的URL(无论是域名还是地址)。 如果你想只匹配IP地址,使用下面的正则表达式(其中包括命名定义组简单的改变host
-我删除了参考定义组名为domain
)
(?(DEFINE)
(?<scheme>[a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*)
(?<userpass>([^:@\/](:[^:@\/])?@))
(?<domain>[a-z0-9]+(-[a-z0-9]+)*(\.[a-z0-9]+(-[a-z0-9]+)*)+)
(?<ip>(([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){7,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}:|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,6}:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,2}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,3}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,5}|[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,6})|:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,7}|:)|fe80:(:[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}|::(ffff(:0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])))
(?<host>(?&ip))
(?<port>(:[\d]{1,5}))
(?<path>([^?;\#]*))
(?<query>(\?[^\#;]*))
(?<anchor>(\#.*))
)
^(?:(?&scheme):\/\/)?(?&userpass)?(?<address>(?&host))(?&port)?\/?(?&path)?(?&query)?(?&anchor)?$
点击此链接查看其使用情况
对于那些喜欢长而清晰的查询的人,可以使用以下正则表达式,它与上面的正则表达式等效。
^(?:[a-z][a-z0-9+.-]*:\/\/)?(?:[^:@\/](?::[^:@\/])?@)?(?<address>(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){7,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}:|(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,6}:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,5}(?::[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,2}|(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}(?::[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,3}|(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,3}(?::[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,4}|(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,2}(?::[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,5}|[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:(?:(?::[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,6})|:(?:(?::[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,7}|:)|fe80:(?::[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}|::(?:ffff(?::0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(?:25[0-5]|(?:2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])|(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(?:25[0-5]|(?:2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9]))(?::[\d]{1,5})?\/?(?:[^?;\#]*)?(?:\?[^\#;]*)?(?:\#.*)?$
注意:这两个答案都使用i
(不区分大小写)和x
(忽略空格)修饰符
也许2个正则表达式匹配会更好。 因为你的正则表达式看起来很复杂
$regex1 = '/^https?:\/\/([a-z0-9:]{39})/';
if( preg_match( $regex1, $your_text, $matches1) ) {
$regex2 = '/[a-z0-9]{4}:?/';
if( preg_match_all( $regex2, $matches1[1], $matches2 ) === 8 )
echo $your_text.' qualifies!!';
}
您无需阅读和理解regex
即可验证字符串是否为有效的IPv6地址。 PHP函数filter_var()
可以为您完成繁重的工作:
echo(filter_var('2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334', FILTER_VALIDATE_IP));
# 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
echo(filter_var('2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334', FILTER_VALIDATE_IP));
# 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334
echo(filter_var('192.168.0.1', FILTER_VALIDATE_IP));
# 192.168.0.1
var_dump(filter_var('192.168.0.1', FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV6));
# bool(false)
如果输入值有效(根据作为第二个参数传递的过滤器和作为第三个参数传递的选项),则返回输入值,否则返回FALSE。
如果IP地址是URL的域,则可以使用PHP函数parse_url()
提取它:
print_r(parse_url('http://2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334/something/page.html'));
# Array
# (
# [scheme] => http
# [host] => 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
# [path] => /something/page.html
# )
您的示例中的最后一个字符串( 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334/something/page.html
)不是URL。 它只是一些随机文本,碰巧看起来像一个不完整(无效)的URL。 我没有一个简单的解决方案:-(
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