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相等的字符串产生不同的哈希索引

[英]Equal strings produces different hash index

我这里有一个程序可以复制内存文件系统(尚未完成),它必须从文件中读取其命令,在这里它们很容易说明:

create /foo
create /foo/bar
create /foo/baz
create /foo/baz/qux
write  /foo/bar "test"
read   /foo/bar
read   /foo/baz/qux
read   /foo/baz/quux
create /foo/bar
create /dir
create /bar
create /dir/bar
find bar
delete /foo/bar
find wat
find foo
read   /foo/bar
create /foo/bar
read   /foo/bar
delete_r /foo
exit

然后,我有一个函数,它给定字符串以操纵它在数组字符串中插入文件夹名称,命令是命令字符串,而fullPath字符串由另一个函数提供,该函数使用先前创建的字符串数组组成一个新字符串。 这是结构和操作结构:

typedef struct _command {
    unsigned char command[10];
    unsigned char path[255][255];
    unsigned char* fullPath;
    int pathLevels;
} command;

这是确实实现树状结构的节点结构:

typedef struct _node {
    int isRoot;
    int isDir;
    char* message;
    int childNumber;
    struct _node* childNodes[1024];
    unsigned char fullPath[MAX_LEN_PATH];
    unsigned char resName[255];
} node;

以及处理字符串的函数:

command* createCommandMul(unsigned char* str) {
    unsigned char* c = str;
    command* commandPointer = (command*) malloc(sizeof(command));
    //commandPointer->path[0][0] = '/';
    //commandPointer->path[0][1] = '\0';
    int commandIndex = 0;
    int pathLevel = 0;
    int pathIndex = 0;
    /* Parte Comando */
    while(*c != ' ' && commandIndex < 10) {
        commandPointer->command[commandIndex] = *c++;
        commandIndex++;
    }
    while(commandIndex<10) {
        commandPointer->command[commandIndex] = '\0';
        commandIndex++;
    }
    while(*c == ' ' || *c == '/') c++; 
    /* Parte Path*/
    while(*c != '\0') {
        if (*c == '/') {
            commandPointer->path[pathLevel][pathIndex] = '\0';
            pathLevel++;
            pathIndex = 0;
            c++;
        } else {
            commandPointer->path[pathLevel][pathIndex] = *c++;
            pathIndex++;
        }
    }
    commandPointer->path[pathLevel][pathIndex] = '\0';
    commandPointer->pathLevels = pathLevel;
    return commandPointer;
}

我有一个createDir函数,该函数确实检查传递给该函数的node *是目录还是根(假设它有树); 如果是,它将创建节点。

int createDir(node* fatherOfChildToCreate, unsigned char* fullPath, command* currentCommand) {
    if ((fatherOfChildToCreate->isRoot == 1 || fatherOfChildToCreate->isDir == 1) && fatherOfChildToCreate->childNumber < 1024) {
        node* dirToCreate = (node*) malloc(sizeof(node));
        command* comando = (command*) currentCommand;
        dirToCreate->isDir = 1;
        dirToCreate->isRoot = 0;
        dirToCreate->message = NULL;
        dirToCreate->childNumber = 0;
        strcmp(dirToCreate->fullPath, fullPath);
        for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) dirToCreate->childNodes[i] = NULL;
        int index = (int) hashCalc(comando->path[comando->pathLevels]);
        printf("Hash di %s = %d", comando->path[comando->pathLevels], index);
        fatherOfChildToCreate->childNodes[index] = dirToCreate;
        fatherOfChildToCreate->childNumber += 1;
        return 1;
    } else return 0;
}

请注意, createDircreateDir函数的目的是创建node* fatherOfChildToCreate的直接subDir,因此,基本上,文本文件的第一个命令确实使用此函数创建/foo因为其唯一的parentDir是根目录,该根目录是在main() 第二个命令将使用下面的此函数搜索/foo目录,并且由于它是/foo/bar的父目录,因此该指针将传递到createDir函数,该函数将在/foo目录中创建childNode

node* linearSearchUpper(node* rootNode, unsigned char* upperPath, command* currentCommand) {
    command* comandoSearch = (command*) currentCommand;
    node* curr = (node*) rootNode;
    int counter = comandoSearch->pathLevels;
    int index;
    unsigned char* upperName = comandoSearch->path[comandoSearch->pathLevels - 1];
    for (int i = 0; i < counter; i++) {
        index = (int) hashCalc(comandoSearch->path[i]);
        printf("Hash di %s = %d", comandoSearch->path[i], index);
        if (curr->childNodes[index] == NULL) return NULL;
        else curr = curr->childNodes[index];
    }
    if (strcmp(upperPath, curr->fullPath) == 1) return curr;
}

在所有这些中,我都使用了此哈希函数来搜索parentDir并在node->childNodes[]数组中插入一个新元素。

unsigned long hashCalc(unsigned char* str) {
    unsigned long hash = 5381;
    int c;
    while (c = *str++)
        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + c; /* hash * 33 + c */
    return hash % 1024;
}

现在,我将粘贴main() ,这是要检查的最后一个函数。

int main() {
    node* rootNode = (node*) createRoot();
    command* comando = (command*) malloc(sizeof(command));
    unsigned char* upPath = NULL;
    unsigned char* allPath = NULL;
    unsigned char* line = NULL;
    FILE* fp;
    size_t len = 0;
    ssize_t read;

    fp = fopen("/Users/mattiarighetti/Downloads/semplice.txt", "r");
    if (fp == NULL)
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    while ((read = getline(&line, &len, fp)) != -1) {
        if (*line == 'f') {
            //comandoFind = createCommandFind(line);
        } if (*line == 'w') {
            //comandoWrite = createCommandWrite(line);
        } if (*line == 'c') {
            comando = createCommandMul(line);
            upPath = upperPath(comando);
            allPath = fullPath(comando);
            if (comando->pathLevels == 0) {
                if (createDir(rootNode, allPath, comando) == 1) printf("ok\n\n");
                else printf("no\n\n");
            } else {
                node* upperNode = (node*) linearSearchUpper(rootNode, upPath, comando);
                if (upperNode == NULL) {
                    printf("no\n\n");
                }
                else {
                    if (createDir(upperNode, allPath, comando) == 1) printf("ok\n\n");
                    else printf("no\n\n");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    fclose(fp);
    if (line)
        free(line);
    return 0;
}

因此,此操作是从文件中逐行读取,创建并填充命令struct,然后创建一个upPath,它是父级(将被找到)和fullPath。 我得到的问题是程序对该文本文件的第一行使用createDir,这没关系,但是出于某种奇怪的原因在comando->path[I]读取foo ,哈希函数给了我179不正确。 输入继续,第二行它使用linearSearchUpper()搜索父文件夹/foo ,所以它给出了comando-> path [I],它也是foo但是这次hashCalc给了我905,它应该是正确的答案因此,最后,linearSearchUpper找不到/ foo文件夹,因为它在索引905中不存在。每次我对带有rootOne子级的文件夹使用create命令或create_dir时,都会发生此情况。 foo,/ dir,/ bar会给我一个奇怪的哈希索引。

您是否知道为什么会发生这种情况?

我并没有尝试了解您的整个程序,但是用于获得不同哈希值的字符串确实有所不同:其中之一保留了最后一行的换行符,可能来自fgets

ASCII换行符的numerc值为10,因此:

hash("foo") == 905;
hash("foo\n") == (33 * hash("foo") + '\n') % 1024
              == (33 * 905 + 10) % 1024
              == 179

解决方案是从fgets接收的字符串中删除尾随空格,或者使用更好的标记化,这将确保您的标记不具有前导或尾随空格。

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