Spring单元测试的结果在NoSuchBeanDefinitionException中：没有类型为'org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender'的合格bean

Question

我有这个REST控制器：

package com.company.rest;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/v1/orders")
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;
...

是OrderService实现：

package com.company.service.impl;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private MessageService messageService;
...

和MessageService实现：

package com.company.service.impl;

import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;

@Service
public class MessageServiceImpl implements MessageService {

    @Autowired
    public JavaMailSender emailSender;
...

在开发环境中，这很完美，但是我对OrderController进行了单元测试（基于本教程）：

package com.company.test;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = AdminApplication.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public class OrderTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;
...

结果是：

org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

为什么在生产中满足这种依赖性，而在测试中却不能满足？ 为了使该单元测试成功注入（或模拟） JavaMailSender实现，我需要做什么？

Answer 1

未创建JavaMailSender Bean，因为Spring测试运行器无法获得所需的配置。 例如，没有spring.mail.host在application.properties 。

解决方案之一是为JavaMailSender添加一个TestConfiguration 。

@TestConfiguration
public class TestConfigForMail {

  @Bean
  public JavaMailSender mailSender() {
    final JavaMailSenderImpl sender = new MockMailSender();
    return sender;
  }

  private class MockMailSender extends JavaMailSenderImpl {
    @Override
    public void send(final MimeMessagePreparator mimeMessagePreparator) throws MailException {
      final MimeMessage mimeMessage = createMimeMessage();
      try {
        mimeMessagePreparator.prepare(mimeMessage);
        final String content = (String) mimeMessage.getContent();
        final Properties javaMailProperties = getJavaMailProperties();
        javaMailProperties.setProperty("mailContent", content);
      } catch (final Exception e) {
        throw new MailPreparationException(e);
      }
    }
  }
}

注意：MockMailSender的代码来自Fahd Shariff 。

然后将TestConfiguration导入您的测试用例。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = AdminApplication.class)
@Import(TestConfigForMail.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public class OrderTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;
...