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SQL邻接表查询

[英]SQL adjacency list query

尝试对用户访问的服务的依赖关系进行建模。 我创建了一个父/子邻接表样式表,该表列出了“服务”依赖于组件1,它依赖于组件2,等等,依此类推,例如完全或部分依赖

该图显示了布局-依赖关系图

在此处输入图片说明

比较1和9的颜色会有所不同,因为如果它们失败了,那么整个服务就会失败。 如果Comp 2-9中的任何一个失败,则服务将继续,但弹性降低。

这是我用来创建表格的东西

CREATE TABLE scratch
( 
    KeyID        int    PRIMARY KEY        NOT NULL, 
    CompDesc       varchar(30), 
    CompID        int    NOT NULL, 
    ReliesOn       int    NOT NULL, 
    RelianceType       varchar(30), 
)

INSERT scratch SELECT 0, 'Service', 0, 1, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 1, 'Component 1', 1, 2, 'Partial'
INSERT scratch SELECT 2, 'Component 1', 1, 3, 'Partial'
INSERT scratch SELECT 3, 'Component 1', 1, 4, 'Partial'
INSERT scratch SELECT 4, 'Component 4', 4, 5, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 5, 'Component 5', 5, 6, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 6, 'Component 6', 6, 7, 'Partial'
INSERT scratch SELECT 7, 'Component 6', 6, 8, 'Partial'
INSERT scratch SELECT 8, 'Component 2', 2, 9, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 9, 'Component 3', 3, 9, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 10, 'Component 7', 7, 9, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 11, 'Component 8', 8, 9, 'Full'

然后,我可以运行一个非常粗糙的查询,以显示用户可以访问服务的4个不同选项-

SELECT t1.ReliesOn AS lev1, t2.ReliesOn as lev2, t3.ReliesOn as lev3, t4.ReliesOn as lev4, t5.ReliesOn as lev5, t6.ReliesOn as lev6
FROM Scratch AS t1
LEFT JOIN Scratch AS t2 ON t2.CompID = t1.ReliesOn
LEFT JOIN Scratch AS t3 ON t3.CompID = t2.ReliesOn
LEFT JOIN Scratch AS t4 ON t4.CompID = t3.ReliesOn
LEFT JOIN Scratch AS t5 ON t5.CompID = t4.ReliesOn
LEFT JOIN Scratch AS t6 ON t6.CompID = t5.ReliesOn
WHERE t1.ReliesOn = 1;

(抱歉,可能有更好的方法将查询串在一起)

有了这个结果-

lev1    lev2    lev3    lev4    lev5    lev6
1       2       9       NULL    NULL    NULL
1       3       9       NULL    NULL    NULL
1       4       5       6       7       9
1       4       5       6       8       9

我想做的是创建一个查询,我可以列出失败的组件并确定服务是否仍然可用,例如

Failed      Result
1           No Service
2,3         Reduced Resiliency
3,8         Reduced Resiliency
2,3,7,8     No Service

这只是一个非常简单的示例,我需要添加更多内容,并且在大多数情况下,许多服务都将依赖于相同的组件。

那么,如何从失败的comp中查找并向上/跨越/向下依赖项以找出路径是否仍然存在?

希望这是有道理的

谢谢

显然,结果查询并非易事。 我向您发布了一种方法,您可以在SQL Fiddle上使用它

MS SQL Server 2014架构设置

CREATE TABLE scratch
( 
    KeyID        int    PRIMARY KEY        NOT NULL, 
    CompDesc       varchar(30), 
    CompID        int    NOT NULL, 
    ReliesOn       int     NULL, --null to allow node 9
    RelianceType       varchar(30), 
)

INSERT scratch SELECT 0, 'Service', 0, 1, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 1, 'Component 1', 1, 2, 'Partial'
INSERT scratch SELECT 2, 'Component 1', 1, 3, 'Partial'
INSERT scratch SELECT 3, 'Component 1', 1, 4, 'Partial'
INSERT scratch SELECT 4, 'Component 4', 4, 5, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 5, 'Component 5', 5, 6, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 6, 'Component 6', 6, 7, 'Partial'
INSERT scratch SELECT 7, 'Component 6', 6, 8, 'Partial'
INSERT scratch SELECT 8, 'Component 2', 2, 9, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 9, 'Component 3', 3, 9, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 10, 'Component 7', 7, 9, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 11, 'Component 8', 8, 9, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 12, 'Component 9', 9, Null, 'Full' --node 9 added

在此查询以找出活动路径:

with 
from_to as ( select 9 as [from], 1 as [to] ),
failed_nodes as ( select 3 as f union select 4 ), --list of failed nodes
cte as (
   select *
          ,CAST(CompID AS VARCHAR(255)) AS Path
   from scratch
   where CompId = (select [from] from from_to ) -easy: ReliesOn is null
   union all
   select s.*
          ,CAST(Path + '.' + CAST(s.CompID AS VARCHAR(255)) AS VARCHAR(255))
   from scratch s
   inner join cte on s.ReliesOn = cte.CompID
   where s.compid not in ( select * from failed_nodes)
)
select * from cte

只需检查结果结果中的keyID = 0即可知道服务是否仍然可用以及有效路径( where很简单):

| KeyID |    CompDesc | CompID | ReliesOn | RelianceType |    Path |
|-------|-------------|--------|----------|--------------|---------|
|    12 | Component 9 |      9 |   (null) |         Full |       9 |
|     8 | Component 2 |      2 |        9 |         Full |     9.2 |
|    10 | Component 7 |      7 |        9 |         Full |     9.7 |
|    11 | Component 8 |      8 |        9 |         Full |     9.8 |
|     7 | Component 6 |      6 |        8 |      Partial |   9.8.6 |
|     5 | Component 5 |      5 |        6 |         Full | 9.8.6.5 |
|     6 | Component 6 |      6 |        7 |      Partial |   9.7.6 |
|     5 | Component 5 |      5 |        6 |         Full | 9.7.6.5 |
|     1 | Component 1 |      1 |        2 |      Partial |   9.2.1 |
|     0 |     Service |      0 |        1 |         Full | 9.2.1.0 < still alive

另外,根据您的方案调整此解决方案以处理RelianceType节点。

我设法编写了一个使用递归CTE执行此操作的查询。

首先,我随意将另外两个记录添加到scratch表中:

INSERT scratch SELECT 12, 'Component 9', 9, 10, 'Full'
INSERT scratch SELECT 13, 'Users', 10, 10, 'Full'

这意味着:

  • 如图所示,9依赖于10(用户)
  • 10依赖于自身(在这种情况下,这意味着10是终端组件-必须使Service正常运行的组件)。

在查询中,不可用的组件应在FailedComponents CTE中枚举其ID:

with FailedComponents (id) as (
  select id from (values
    (1), (7), (8)
    ) x(id)
), OnlineComponents (compId, reliesOn) as (
  select compId, reliesOn
  from scratch
  where compId = 0 -- <== entry point here
  union all
  select s.compId, s.reliesOn
  from scratch s
  join OnlineComponents c
    on s.compId = c.reliesOn
  where s.compId not in (select id from FailedComponents)
)
select case
  when exists (select * from OnlineComponents where compId = reliesOn)
    then 'Service is available'
    else 'No Service'
  end as [Status]
;

这是SQL Fiddle ,您可以在其中尝试不同的值以查看查询如何处理它们。

请注意该查询不使用scratch表中指定的Full / Partial依赖类型。 依赖类型是从上下文中推断出来的。 基本上,如果有一种方法可以将图从0跨到10,仅对可用组件进行遍历,则整个服务都是可用的。

还有一点警告:递归CTE的深度是有限的。 这称为MAXRECURSION ,默认值为100。如果需要,您需要将其更改为更高的值。

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