我的C程序出现分段错误11

Question

我的程序目前有问题。 我遇到了细分错误11，但不知道为什么。 奇怪的是，有时它可以正常工作，但是大多数时候我都会收到此错误。 当我删除此部分时： /* set to inital conditions */ *(*(bounds + 0) +0) = x; *(*(bounds + 0) +1) = x; *(*(bounds + 1) +0) = y; *(*(bounds + 1) +1) = y; *(*(bounds + 2) +0) = z; *(*(bounds + 2) +1) = z; /* set to inital conditions */ *(*(bounds + 0) +0) = x; *(*(bounds + 0) +1) = x; *(*(bounds + 1) +0) = y; *(*(bounds + 1) +1) = y; *(*(bounds + 2) +0) = z; *(*(bounds + 2) +1) = z; 从代码是否正常工作，所以我认为这是问题所在。 当我只通过循环运行一次（minIter = maxIter）时，它正在工作。 如果有人可以帮助我，我将不胜感激。

/* creating 2D Array for the iteration points*/
double **iterationPoints; 
/* creating 2D Array for the normalized points*/
double **normalizedPoints; 
/* creating 3D Array for the grid*/
bool ***grid; 
/* creating 2D Array for the min/max of attractor in all directions*/
double **bounds; 

/* setting up loop, to create data for increasing iterations*/

/* open/create file for data */
FILE *file = fopen("LorentzIterationData.dat", "w");
if (file == NULL)
{
  printf("Error opening file!\n");
  exit(1);
} 

/* setting parameters for loop */
int minIter = 1000, maxIter = 10000; 
int stepSizeIter = 100; 

int iterations; 

for(iterations = minIter; iterations <= maxIter; iterations += stepSizeIter){

/* create bound array */
bounds = (double **) malloc(3 *sizeof(double *));
int i;
for(i = 0; i < 2; i++){
    bounds[i] = (double *) malloc(2 *sizeof(double));
}

/* set to inital conditions */
*(*(bounds + 0) +0) = x; *(*(bounds + 0) +1) = x; 
*(*(bounds + 1) +0) = y; *(*(bounds + 1) +1) = y;
*(*(bounds + 2) +0) = z; *(*(bounds + 2) +1) = z;   

/* calculate iterationPoints */
iterationPoints = (double **) malloc(iterations *sizeof(double *));
for(i = 0; i < iterations; i++){
    iterationPoints[i] = (double *) malloc(3 *sizeof(double));
}
calcuTraj(iterationPoints,a,b,c,x,y,z,h,iterations, bounds);

/* normalize Data */
normalizedPoints = (double **) malloc(iterations *sizeof(double *));
for(i = 0; i < iterations; i++){
    normalizedPoints[i] = (double *) malloc(3 * sizeof(double));
}
normalize(iterationPoints, normalizedPoints, bounds, iterations); 

/* creating 3D Array for the grid of boxes in space*/

/* setting minimum for sidelength of the grid */
double minGridSideLength = 1; 
/* calculating array size */
int boxesPerDim = ceil(minGridSideLength/epsion) +1;

printf("boxesPerDim: %d \n", boxesPerDim);

/* create grid array */
grid = (bool ***) malloc(boxesPerDim *sizeof(bool **));

int j_X, j_Y; 
for(j_X = 0; j_X < boxesPerDim; j_X++){

    grid[j_X] = (bool **) malloc(boxesPerDim *sizeof(bool *));

    for(j_Y = 0; j_Y < boxesPerDim; j_Y++){
       grid[j_X][j_Y] = (bool *) calloc(boxesPerDim,sizeof(bool *));
    }
}   

/* count hitted boxes */
printf("boxesHitted: %d \n", boxCount(normalizedPoints, grid, iterations, epsion, boxesPerDim));

/* free storage */
free(iterationPoints);
free(grid);
free(bounds); 
free(normalizedPoints);

}

Answer 1

您分配3个指针的数组

bounds = (double **) malloc(3 *sizeof(double *));

但只初始化其中两个

for(i = 0; i < 2; i++){
    bounds[i] = (double *) malloc(2 *sizeof(double));
}

Answer 2

您不会分配从最初的bounds分配中获得的每个后续double* 。

在这里为3个double*类型创建空间：

bounds = (double **) malloc(3 *sizeof(double *));

但你只能从0到1循环时malloc每个后续荷兰国际集团空间double*指针：

int i;
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++){
    bounds[i] = (double *) malloc(2 *sizeof(double));
}

这样就使得*(*(bounds + 2) +0)和*(*bounds + 2) +1)取消引用了尚未初始化的double* 。 这条线

*(*(bounds + 2) +0) = z; *(*(bounds + 2) +1) = z;

调用未定义的行为，有时会导致您看到的段错误。

从i=0循环到i<3 ，以便为每个double*分配足够的空间double*

for (i = 0; i < 3; i++){
        bounds[i] = (double *) malloc(2 *sizeof(double));
}

---

这是关于为什么不在代码中使用幻数的展览A。 如果您使用了某种#define BOUNDS_LENGTH 3常量并对其进行了循环，那么这将不是问题。 此外，没有必要为此应用程序使用动态分配的内存。 也许这只是您创建的MCVE，但是如果您知道在编译时需要多少空间，则没有理由动态分配它，除非您需要“大量”内存。 只需声明double bounds[3][2]; ，或者更好

#define BOUNDS_LENGTH 3
#define BOUNDS_ITEM_LENGTH 2

....

double bounds[BOUNDS_LENGTH][BOUNDS_ITEM_LENGTH];

本来可以避免malloc问题，并且可以使后续遍历数组的循环更清晰，更不易出错。