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如何阅读地图 <string,vector<pair<int, string> &gt;&gt;

[英]How to read a map of <string,vector<pair<int, string>>>

我有这样的地图

typedef vector< pair<int, string> > Categories;  
map<string,Categories> cats;

但是当我尝试读取地图元素时

for(map<string,Categories>::const_iterator it = cats.begin(); it != cats.end(); ++it)
 {
    std::cout << it->first << " "  << it->second.first<<"\n";
 }

我确实有错误

error: 'const class std::vector<std::pair<int, std::basic_string<char>
' has no member named 'first'  std::cout << it->first << " "  << it-> second.first<<"\n";

错误 :'const类std :: vector'没有名为'first'的成员std :: cout << it-> first <<“” << it-> second.first <<“ \\ n”;

就像Crystal一样,它很清楚,您的地图value可能包含许多元素,这是std::vector< std::pair<int, std::string>>

那么您将如何打印向量的元素? 选项包括:

  1. 随机访问(即vec[index]
  2. 迭代器(即std::vector< std::pair<int, std::string>>::const_iterator itr;
  3. 或基于范围的for循环(即for(const auto& it: vec)

就您而言,如果您想要简单的代码,请使用基于范围的循环:

   for(const auto& it: cats)
   {
      std::cout << it.first << " = "; // keys
      for(const auto& ve: it.second)  // values vec
         std::cout << ve.first << "-" << ve.second << "\t";
      std::cout << std::endl;
   }

如果您仍然想拥有较长的iterator循环,那就是它。

请在此处查看实时操作: https//www.ideone.com/3bS1kR

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <iterator>

typedef std::vector< std::pair<int, std::string>> Categories;

int main()
{
   std::map<std::string, Categories> cats;

   cats["key1"] = {std::make_pair(1, "pair1"), std::make_pair(1, "pair2"), std::make_pair(1, "par3")};
   cats["key2"] = {std::make_pair(2, "pair1"), std::make_pair(2, "pair2")};
   cats["key3"] = {std::make_pair(3, "pair1")};

   std::cout << "Range based loop \n";
   for(const auto& it: cats)
   {
      std::cout << it.first << " = ";  // keys
      for(const auto& ve: it.second)   // values vec
         std::cout << ve.first << "-" << ve.second << "\t";
      std::cout << std::endl;
   }

   std::cout << "\nIterator loop \n";
   std::map<std::string, Categories>::const_iterator it;
   std::vector< std::pair<int, std::string>>::const_iterator curr_val_it;
   for(it = cats.cbegin(); it != cats.cend(); ++it)
   {
      std::cout << it->first << " = "; // keys

      for(curr_val_it = it->second.cbegin(); curr_val_it != it->second.cend(); ++curr_val_it )
          std::cout << curr_val_it->first << "-" << curr_val_it->second << "\t";  // values vec

      std::cout << std::endl;
   }


   return 0;
}

您需要先访问向量的一个元素,然后访问其中的对。

... it->second[0].first<< ...

更好的循环展示:

for(const auto& cat : cats)
 {
     string mapidx = cat.first;
     vector<pair<int, std::string>> catvect = cat.second;
 }

那么您可以有一个单独的循环来读取向量的内容:

for(const auto& cat : cats)
 {
     string mapidx = cat.first;
     vector<pair<int, std::string>> catvect = cat.second;
     for (const auto& entry : catvect)
     {
         int number = entry.first;
         string whatever = entry.second;
     }
 }

临时变量仅出于可读性考虑,不需要所有副本;)

错误完全是编译器告诉您的内容:

const class std::vector ' has no member named 'first'

因此,您必须确定如何通过重载ostream opeartor来打印地图,以下示例如何实现:

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

typedef std::vector<std::pair<int, std::string>> Categories;  
std::map<std::string,Categories> cats;

std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& os, const std::vector<std::pair<int, std::string>>& v) 
{
    os << "[";
    for (auto& el : v) {
        os << " " << el.first << " : " << el.second;
    }
    os << "]";
    return os;
}

int main() {
    cats.emplace("cat1", std::vector<std::pair<int, std::string>>(1, std::make_pair(1, "category1")));
    for(auto& cat : cats) {
        std::cout << cat.first << " "  << cat.second << "\n";
    }
}

由于我们将Vector类别存储在Map中,因此我们也必须迭代Vector:

 for(map<string,Categories>::const_iterator it = cats.begin(); it != cats.end(); ++it)
    {
        //iterator for vector (it->second)
        for(Categories::const_iterator it2 = it->second.begin(); it2 != it->second.end(); it2++ )
        {
              std::cout << it->first << " "  << it2->first<<" "<<it2->second <<"\n";
        }
    }

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