JPA-Hibernate：OneToOne和ManyToOne JoinColumns上的UniqueConstraint

Question

我需要在OneToOne和ManyToOne关系的一些JoinColumns上设置唯一约束，但是即使我在@JoinColumn批注中正确设置了名称，Hibernate似乎也找不到这些列。 这对我来说似乎很奇怪，因为使用Liquibase可以使相同的约束正常工作。

这是我的实体类：

package entities;

import org.hibernate.annotations.Cache;
import org.hibernate.annotations.CacheConcurrencyStrategy;

import javax.persistence.*;

import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Document;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * A MyAnswer.
 */
@Entity
@Table(name = "my_answer",
    uniqueConstraints = @UniqueConstraint(columnNames = {"question_id, questionnaire_id", "user_id"})
)
@Cache(usage = CacheConcurrencyStrategy.NONSTRICT_READ_WRITE)
@Document(indexName = "myanswer")
public class MyAnswer implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.SEQUENCE, generator = "sequenceGenerator")
    @SequenceGenerator(name = "sequenceGenerator")
    private Long id;

    @Column(name = "mycheck")
    private String mycheck;

    @OneToOne
    @JoinColumn
    private Answer answer;

    @OneToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "question_id")
    private Question question;

    @OneToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "questionnaire_id")
    private Questionnaire questionnaire;

    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "user_id")
    private User user;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getMycheck() {
        return mycheck;
    }

    public MyAnswer mycheck(String mycheck) {
        this.mycheck = mycheck;
        return this;
    }

    public void setMycheck(String mycheck) {
        this.mycheck = mycheck;
    }

    public Answer getAnswer() {
        return answer;
    }

    public MyAnswer answer(Answer answer) {
        this.answer = answer;
        return this;
    }

    public void setAnswer(Answer answer) {
        this.answer = answer;
    }

    public Question getQuestion() {
        return question;
    }

    public MyAnswer question(Question question) {
        this.question = question;
        return this;
    }

    public void setQuestion(Question question) {
        this.question = question;
    }

    public Questionnaire getQuestionnaire() {
        return questionnaire;
    }

    public MyAnswer questionnaire(Questionnaire questionnaire) {
        this.questionnaire = questionnaire;
        return this;
    }

    public void setQuestionnaire(Questionnaire questionnaire) {
        this.questionnaire = questionnaire;
    }

    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }

    public MyAnswer user(User user) {
        this.user = user;
        return this;
    }

    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) {
            return true;
        }
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
            return false;
        }
        MyAnswer myAnswer = (MyAnswer) o;
        if (myAnswer.getId() == null || getId() == null) {
            return false;
        }
        return Objects.equals(getId(), myAnswer.getId());
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hashCode(getId());
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MyAnswer{" +
            "id=" + getId() +
            ", mycheck='" + getMycheck() + "'" +
            "}";
    }
}

在抛出的异常日志下面：

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'entityManagerFactory' defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/orm/jpa/HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is org.hibernate.AnnotationException: Unable to create unique key constraint (question_id, questionnaire_id, user_id) on table my_answer: database column 'question_id, questionnaire_id' not found. Make sure that you use the correct column name which depends on the naming strategy in use (it may not be the same as the property name in the entity, especially for relational types)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1628)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:555)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1080)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:857)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543)
    at org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.refresh(EmbeddedWebApplicationContext.java:122)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:693)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:360)
    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:303)
    at project.App.main(App.java:68)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.springframework.boot.devtools.restart.RestartLauncher.run(RestartLauncher.java:49)
Caused by: org.hibernate.AnnotationException: Unable to create unique key constraint (question_id, questionnaire_id, user_id) on table my_answer: database column 'question_id, questionnaire_id' not found. Make sure that you use the correct column name which depends on the naming strategy in use (it may not be the same as the property name in the entity, especially for relational types)
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.buildUniqueKeyFromColumnNames(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:2074)
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.buildUniqueKeyFromColumnNames(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:1935)
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.processUniqueConstraintHolders(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:1923)
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.processSecondPasses(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:1595)
    at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.complete(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:278)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.metadata(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:858)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:885)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:60)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:360)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:382)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:371)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:336)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1687)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1624)
    ... 19 common frames omitted

2018-05-15 17:25:20.943  WARN 16173 --- [neut-Executor-1] com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.ProxyConnection   : HikariPool-1 - Connection org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection@669c1cb9 marked as broken because of SQLSTATE(08003), ErrorCode(0)

Answer 1

您的约束声明是错误的。 代替

@UniqueConstraint(columnNames = {"question_id, questionnaire_id", "user_id"})

采用

@UniqueConstraint(columnNames = {"question_id", "questionnaire_id", "user_id"})

请注意引号中的差异。 您需要一个3元素的String数组作为3列约束的列名，但是您只有2元素的String数组，第一个元素是无效的列名引用。